All questions of Natural Resources for Grade 9 Exam

Pollutant are substances which may degrade or adversely affect the environment (air, water and soil) contaminates the quality of these and made them unfit for human and animal use and severely effect the health of beings.

The amount of carbon dioxide in atmospheric air is relatively small, but it plays a significant role in the Earth's climate system. To determine the correct answer to this question, we need to understand the percentage of carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere.
1. Introduction:
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that is essential for life on Earth.
- It is released through natural processes such as respiration and volcanic eruptions, as well as human activities like burning fossil fuels.
2. Percentage of carbon dioxide in atmospheric air:
- The correct answer is Option C: 0.03%.
- Carbon dioxide accounts for approximately 0.03% of the Earth's atmosphere.
- This means that for every 10,000 molecules of air, about 3 molecules are carbon dioxide.
3. Importance of carbon dioxide:
- Although the percentage is relatively small, carbon dioxide plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's temperature.
- It acts as a greenhouse gas by trapping heat and preventing it from escaping into space.
- Without carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the Earth would be much colder and uninhabitable.
4. Human activities and carbon dioxide levels:
- Human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, have significantly increased the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
- This increase in carbon dioxide levels is a major contributor to climate change and global warming.
In conclusion, the correct answer is Option C: 0.03%. While the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere may seem small, it plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate. Human activities have increased carbon dioxide levels, leading to climate change and global warming.

Lichen do not have root ,instead they receive all their nutrients from the atmosphere. Lichens are sensitive to atmospheric pollution such as nitrogen, sulpher etc because the receiver all their nutrition and water from wet and dry atmospheric deposition . So it is also known indicator of the air pollution . correct answer is A

Introduction:
Anthrax is a serious infectious disease that primarily affects animals, including cattle. It is caused by a bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. While it can affect a variety of animals, including humans, the question specifically asks about the disease in cattle.

Explanation:
Anthrax is primarily a disease of cattle, and it can have severe consequences for both animal health and the economy of a region. Here's an explanation of why anthrax is considered a serious disease of cattle:

1. Disease prevalence:
Anthrax is more commonly found in herbivorous animals, such as cattle, than in other animals. Cattle are particularly susceptible to anthrax, and outbreaks can occur in areas where the disease is endemic or sporadic.

2. Transmission:
The transmission of anthrax usually occurs through the consumption of spores from contaminated soil or vegetation. Cattle are more likely to come into contact with these spores while grazing, increasing their risk of infection.

3. Disease symptoms:
Anthrax can cause a range of symptoms in cattle, including fever, depression, loss of appetite, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, it can lead to sudden death. The disease progresses rapidly, and affected animals can die within hours of showing symptoms.

4. Economic impact:
Anthrax outbreaks in cattle can have significant economic consequences. Infected animals often die, leading to financial losses for farmers and the livestock industry. Additionally, measures taken to control the disease, such as culling affected animals and implementing quarantine measures, can further impact the economy.

5. Zoonotic potential:
While the question specifically asks about anthrax in cattle, it is worth noting that anthrax is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. Though less common, humans can contract anthrax by handling infected animals or their products. This poses a risk to both livestock workers and consumers.

In conclusion, anthrax is indeed a serious disease of cattle. Its prevalence, transmission, severe symptoms, economic impact, and zoonotic potential make it a significant concern for both animal health and human health.

Supersonic jets cause pollution in stratosphere and ozone layer also exists in ozone layer so the correct option is Option D.

Chief Pollutants Depleting the Ozone Layer
The ozone layer, located in the Earth's stratosphere, plays a crucial role in protecting life by absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Certain pollutants are particularly harmful to this layer.
1. Chloro Fluoro Carbons (CFCs)
- CFCs are synthetic compounds that have been widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning, and aerosol propellants.
- When released into the atmosphere, CFCs can reach the stratosphere, where they are broken down by UV radiation, releasing chlorine atoms.
- These chlorine atoms significantly deplete ozone molecules, leading to thinning of the ozone layer.
2. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
- Nitrogen oxides are produced from vehicle emissions, industrial processes, and combustion of fossil fuels.
- In the stratosphere, they can react with ozone (O3) and contribute to its destruction.
- Though they are not as potent as CFCs, their cumulative effect can still be detrimental to the ozone layer.
3. Other Pollutants
- Sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide are primarily associated with air pollution and respiratory issues rather than direct ozone depletion.
- Carbon dioxide, though a significant greenhouse gas, does not directly affect the ozone layer.
Conclusion
In summary, the chief pollutants most likely to deplete the ozone layer are nitrogen oxides and, most significantly, chloro fluoro carbons (CFCs). Reducing emissions of these pollutants is essential for protecting the ozone layer and, by extension, human health and the environment.

Explanation:
The correct answer is B: Reduction of dissolved oxygen caused by microbial activity.
- Pathogens released by sewage: While sewage pollution can introduce pathogens into water bodies, these pathogens are not the primary cause of fish deaths. Fish have natural defenses against pathogens and can survive in water with a certain level of contamination.
- Reduction of dissolved oxygen caused by microbial activity: When sewage enters water bodies, it provides a high amount of organic matter. Microbes present in the water start breaking down this organic matter through microbial activity. This process consumes a large amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, leading to a decrease in oxygen levels. Fish require oxygen to survive, and low oxygen levels can lead to suffocation and death.
- Clogging of their gills by solid substances: While solid substances present in sewage can cause water pollution, leading to environmental degradation, they do not directly cause fish deaths by clogging their gills. Fish have adaptations to filter out solid particles and can tolerate a certain level of suspended solids.
- Foul smell: Foul smell is an indicator of pollution and the presence of harmful substances in water bodies, but it does not directly cause fish deaths.
In conclusion, the reduction of dissolved oxygen caused by microbial activity is the primary reason why fishes die in water bodies subjected to sewage pollution.

Causes of Soil Pollution

Soil pollution is a major environmental concern and is caused due to various human activities. However, the indiscriminate use of insecticides is one of the most significant causes of soil pollution. This is because insecticides contain harmful chemicals that can seep into the soil and contaminate it, leading to soil pollution. Let's look at the various causes of soil pollution in detail:

1. Industrial Activities
Industries often release harmful chemicals and pollutants into the environment, including soil. These chemicals can contaminate the soil, making it unsuitable for agriculture and other activities.

2. Agricultural Practices
The use of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers in agriculture can also lead to soil pollution. These chemicals can seep into the soil and contaminate it, leading to a decline in soil quality.

3. Mining Activities
Mining activities can also lead to soil pollution, as they often involve the use of chemicals and heavy machinery. These activities can lead to the erosion of soil and contamination of the soil with heavy metals and other pollutants.

4. Improper Waste Disposal
Improper waste disposal can also lead to soil pollution. Landfills and dumpsites can contaminate the soil with harmful chemicals and pollutants, making it unsuitable for agriculture and other activities.

Conclusion

In conclusion, soil pollution is caused due to various human activities, including industrial activities, agricultural practices, mining activities, and improper waste disposal. However, the indiscriminate use of insecticides is one of the most significant causes of soil pollution. Therefore, it is important to adopt sustainable practices and reduce the use of harmful chemicals to protect our soil and environment.

The Greenhouse Effect is a phenomenon that is primarily related to global warming. Here is a detailed explanation:
What is the Greenhouse Effect?
The Greenhouse Effect refers to the process by which certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat from the sun and prevent it from escaping back into space. These gases, known as greenhouse gases, include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and others.
How does the Greenhouse Effect work?
1. Sunlight enters the Earth's atmosphere and reaches the surface.
2. Some of the sunlight is reflected back into space, while the rest is absorbed by the Earth's surface.
3. The absorbed sunlight warms the Earth's surface, which then emits infrared radiation.
4. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of this infrared radiation, preventing it from escaping into space.
5. This trapped heat leads to an increase in the Earth's temperature, causing global warming.
Why is it related to global warming?
1. Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes, have significantly increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
2. The increased levels of greenhouse gases enhance the greenhouse effect, leading to a rise in the Earth's average temperature.
3. This rise in temperature contributes to global warming, which has numerous negative impacts on the environment, including melting ice caps, rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and disruptions to ecosystems.
Other options:
Although the other options mentioned (green trees on a house, grasslands, greenery in a country) may contribute to the overall environmental health, they are not directly related to the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect primarily focuses on the role of greenhouse gases in trapping heat and causing global warming.

Introduction to Agroforestry and Social Forestry
Agroforestry and social forestry are essential practices that focus on the integration of trees and shrubs into agricultural landscapes and community spaces, respectively. Both approaches prioritize environmental sustainability and enhancing the livelihoods of people.
Key Components
- Agroforestry: This practice combines agriculture and forestry, allowing for the cultivation of crops alongside trees. This helps in improving soil fertility, conserving water, and increasing biodiversity.
- Social Forestry: This focuses on the management and planting of trees for community benefits, such as fuelwood, fodder, and timber, while also enhancing local ecosystems.
Why Plantation of Trees is Key
The correct answer is option 'D' - Plantation of trees, because:
- Environmental Benefits: Planting trees aids in carbon sequestration, reduces soil erosion, and improves air quality.
- Economic Advantages: Trees can provide additional sources of income through fruits, nuts, or timber, enhancing the financial stability of communities.
- Social Impact: Tree plantations in community areas foster social cohesion and provide recreational spaces, contributing to overall well-being.
Conclusion
In summary, both agroforestry and social forestry emphasize the importance of planting trees. This practice not only supports ecological balance but also contributes significantly to economic and social development, making it a crucial component of sustainable land management strategies.

Among the pollutants motor vehicles produce are various sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and particulates.

Biogeochemical cycles, also known as material cycling, refer to the movement of essential elements and compounds through the living and non-living components of the Earth. These cycles involve the exchange and transformation of nutrients between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. The correct answer is option 'c' - Material Cycling.

Explanation:
Biogeochemical cycles play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nutrients and elements necessary for life on Earth. These cycles involve the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, water, and several other elements. The cycles are driven by various processes, including biological, geological, physical, and chemical interactions.

The main biogeochemical cycles are:

1. Carbon Cycle: This cycle involves the movement of carbon between the atmosphere, oceans, land, and living organisms. Carbon dioxide is taken up by plants through photosynthesis and released back into the atmosphere through respiration and decomposition.

2. Nitrogen Cycle: The nitrogen cycle involves the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms such as ammonia and nitrates by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. These forms are then taken up by plants and passed on through the food chain. Decomposers break down organic matter, releasing nitrogen back into the soil.

3. Phosphorus Cycle: Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants and is mainly found in rocks and sediments. Weathering and erosion release phosphorus into the soil, where it is taken up by plants. It is then transferred through the food chain and returned to the soil through decomposition.

4. Oxygen Cycle: The oxygen cycle involves the exchange of oxygen between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Plants produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, which is then utilized by animals during respiration. Oxygen is also exchanged between the atmosphere and oceans through diffusion.

5. Water Cycle: Although not strictly a biogeochemical cycle, the water cycle is closely linked to the movement of other elements and compounds. It involves the continuous circulation of water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans through processes such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.

In summary, biogeochemical cycles, also known as material cycling, are essential for the recycling and redistribution of nutrients and elements necessary for life. These cycles ensure the availability of essential elements and the balance of ecosystems on Earth.

Energy flow in the ecosystem is unidirectional.


Explanation:

The energy flow in an ecosystem refers to the movement of energy from one organism to another through food chains and food webs. This flow of energy is unidirectional, meaning it moves in one direction only.

Here is a detailed explanation of why energy flow in the ecosystem is unidirectional:
1. Trophic levels:

The energy flow in an ecosystem occurs through different trophic levels. These levels include producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and so on. Each trophic level represents a different level of energy transfer.
2. Energy transfer:

The energy flow starts with the producers, which are usually plants that convert sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis. This energy is then passed on to the primary consumers, which are herbivores that consume plants. The energy continues to flow through the different trophic levels as organisms are consumed by other organisms.
3. Energy loss:

As energy moves up the food chain, there is a loss of energy at each trophic level. This loss occurs due to metabolic processes, heat loss, and incomplete digestion. Only a fraction of the energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next.
4. Energy transfer efficiency:

The efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is low, usually ranging from 5-20%. This means that a significant amount of energy is lost as it moves through the food chain. This low transfer efficiency contributes to the unidirectional flow of energy.
5. Decomposers and detritivores:

In addition to the energy flow through the trophic levels, energy is also returned to the ecosystem through decomposers and detritivores. These organisms break down dead organic matter and waste, releasing energy back into the ecosystem. However, this energy is still part of the unidirectional flow, as it ultimately moves through the food chain again.
In conclusion, energy flow in the ecosystem is unidirectional, moving from producers to consumers and eventually being lost or returned to the environment through decomposers. This unidirectional flow is influenced by the trophic levels, energy loss, transfer efficiency, and the role of decomposers and detritivores.

The correct answer is option 'A', Azotobacter. Let's understand why Azotobacter is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium present in the soil.

**Explanation:**

**1. Nitrogen fixation:**
Nitrogen is an essential element for all living organisms, as it is a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other important biomolecules. However, atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is not directly usable by most organisms. Nitrogen fixation is the process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into a usable form, such as ammonia (NH3) or nitrate (NO3-). This conversion is carried out by certain bacteria called nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

**2. Free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria:**
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria can be categorized into two groups: symbiotic and free-living. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria establish a mutualistic relationship with plants, forming nodules on their roots. Examples of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria include Rhizobium, which forms a symbiotic relationship with legumes.

On the other hand, free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria do not require a symbiotic relationship with plants and can fix nitrogen independently in the soil. They inhabit the soil and play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle by converting atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form.

**3. Azotobacter:**
Azotobacter is a genus of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria commonly found in soil. They are aerobic bacteria, meaning they require oxygen for their metabolic processes. Azotobacter can fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into ammonia, which can be utilized by plants and other organisms. They have the ability to fix nitrogen in the absence of a symbiotic relationship with plants.

Azotobacter is known for its ability to produce an enzyme called nitrogenase, which catalyzes the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. This process requires a considerable amount of energy and is regulated by various environmental factors such as oxygen availability, temperature, and pH.

**4. Importance of Azotobacter:**
Azotobacter plays a significant role in the nitrogen cycle and contributes to soil fertility. By fixing atmospheric nitrogen, Azotobacter enhances the availability of nitrogen to plants, promoting their growth and productivity. Additionally, Azotobacter produces growth-promoting substances like vitamins and auxins, which further stimulate plant growth.

Furthermore, Azotobacter has the ability to solubilize insoluble forms of phosphorus, making it more accessible to plants. It also helps in the decomposition of organic matter, releasing nutrients back into the soil.

In conclusion, Azotobacter is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium present in the soil. Its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and promote plant growth makes it an important contributor to soil fertility and the nitrogen cycle.

Answer:
DDT (Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane) is a synthetic insecticide that was commonly used in the past for agricultural purposes. However, its use has been restricted or banned in many countries due to its harmful effects on the environment and human health. When DDT is sprayed on crops, it can lead to pollution of the following:
1. Air: DDT is volatile and can easily evaporate into the air. Once in the atmosphere, it can be carried over long distances by wind currents. Inhalation of DDT-contaminated air can be harmful to humans and animals.
2. Soil: DDT has a high persistence in the environment and can accumulate in the soil. It can persist in the soil for several years, causing contamination. Soil pollution with DDT can affect the growth and development of plants and can also be harmful to soil-dwelling organisms.
3. Water: DDT can enter water bodies through various routes such as surface runoff, leaching from soil, or direct application. DDT is highly soluble in water and can contaminate both surface water and groundwater. This can have detrimental effects on aquatic organisms and disrupt the balance of ecosystems.
Considering these points, the correct answer is D: Air, soil, and water. DDT spraying on crops can lead to pollution of all three components of the environment.

Agricultural Chemicals
Definition:
Agricultural chemicals refer to substances used in agriculture for various purposes such as pest control, nutrient supplementation, and growth regulation. They are essential for modern farming practices to increase crop productivity and protect plants from pests, diseases, and weeds.
Types of Agricultural Chemicals:
There are several types of agricultural chemicals, including:
1. Pesticides:
- Pesticides are substances used to control or kill pests that can cause damage to crops, livestock, or human health.
- They include insecticides (insect control), herbicides (weed control), fungicides (fungus control), and rodenticides (rodent control).
- Pesticides help farmers manage pests efficiently and sustainably.
2. Fertilizers:
- Fertilizers are substances applied to soil or plants to provide essential nutrients that are necessary for plant growth and development.
- They supply nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are vital for healthy plant growth and high crop yields.
- Fertilizers can be organic (derived from natural sources) or synthetic (manufactured chemically).
3. Growth Regulators:
- Growth regulators are chemicals that influence plant growth processes, such as stem elongation, flowering, fruit set, and ripening.
- They can be used to control plant height, increase fruit size, delay senescence (aging), and enhance crop quality.
- Growth regulators are valuable tools for managing plant growth and optimizing crop production.
Conclusion:
Agricultural chemicals encompass pesticides, fertilizers, and growth regulators, which play crucial roles in modern agriculture. These chemicals help farmers protect their crops from pests, supply essential nutrients to plants, and regulate plant growth processes. Their proper and responsible use ensures sustainable and efficient farming practices, leading to increased agricultural productivity and food security.

The logical sequence of the carbon cycle is:
- Producer: The carbon cycle begins with producers, such as plants and algae, that use photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds, primarily glucose.
- Consumer: Consumers, including herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores, obtain carbon by consuming the producers. They break down the organic compounds through respiration, releasing carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.
- Decomposer: Decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, break down the remains of dead organisms and waste materials, releasing carbon dioxide as a byproduct.
- Return to the Producer: The carbon dioxide released by consumers and decomposers is taken up by the producers during photosynthesis, completing the carbon cycle.
Explanation:
- Producer: Producers play a crucial role in the carbon cycle as they are the primary source of organic compounds. They absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into glucose through photosynthesis.
- Consumer: Consumers obtain carbon by consuming the producers. They break down the organic compounds through respiration, releasing carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. This exchange of carbon between producers and consumers helps maintain the carbon cycle.
- Decomposer: Decomposers play a vital role in the carbon cycle by breaking down the remains of dead organisms and waste materials. During decomposition, they release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. This decomposition process ensures that carbon is recycled and made available for future use by producers.
- Return to the Producer: The carbon dioxide released by consumers and decomposers is taken up by the producers during photosynthesis, completing the carbon cycle. This continuous cycle ensures that carbon is constantly recycled and available for the growth and development of living organisms.

**Explanation:**

The greenhouse effect is a natural process that occurs in the Earth's atmosphere. It is responsible for trapping heat and maintaining the Earth's temperature at a level necessary to support life. The primary greenhouse gases that contribute to this effect are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor (H2O).

**1. Greenhouse Effect:**
The greenhouse effect works by allowing short-wavelength solar radiation (such as visible light) to pass through the Earth's atmosphere and reach the surface of the Earth. This radiation warms the surface of the Earth. In turn, the warmed surface emits long-wavelength infrared radiation back into the atmosphere.

**2. Impermeability of Long Wavelength Radiations through CO2:**
This is where the impermeability of long-wavelength radiations through CO2 comes into play. While short-wavelength radiation can easily pass through the atmosphere, long-wavelength infrared radiation is absorbed and trapped by certain greenhouse gases, including CO2. This absorption of long-wavelength radiation by CO2 prevents it from escaping back into space and leads to an overall warming of the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere.

**3. Role of CO2:**
CO2 is a particularly important greenhouse gas because it has a strong ability to absorb and re-emit infrared radiation. When long-wavelength infrared radiation is emitted from the Earth's surface, CO2 molecules in the atmosphere absorb some of this radiation. As a result, the CO2 molecules become excited and re-emit the radiation in all directions, including back towards the Earth's surface. This process is known as the greenhouse effect.

**4. Greenhouse Effect Balance:**
The greenhouse effect is essential for maintaining a habitable climate on Earth. Without greenhouse gases, the Earth's average temperature would be much colder, making it difficult for life to exist. However, human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, have significantly increased the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This has led to an enhanced greenhouse effect, resulting in global warming and climate change.

**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, the greenhouse effect is due to the impermeability of long-wavelength radiations through CO2 in the atmosphere. This phenomenon occurs when CO2 molecules absorb and re-emit long-wavelength infrared radiation, trapping heat and warming the Earth's surface. It is important to understand the greenhouse effect and its causes in order to address and mitigate the impacts of climate change.

Formation of ozone hole is maximum over Antarctica:
- The ozone hole refers to the depletion of the ozone layer in the Earth's stratosphere.
- The formation of the ozone hole is primarily influenced by human-made chemicals called ozone-depleting substances (ODS), such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons.
- These chemicals are released into the atmosphere through human activities like industrial processes, aerosol propellants, and the use of certain types of fire extinguishers.
- Once released into the atmosphere, these ODS are transported by wind patterns to the polar regions, particularly Antarctica.
- The unique atmospheric and weather conditions in Antarctica contribute to the maximum formation of the ozone hole in this region.
- During the Antarctic winter, the polar vortex forms, creating a stable and isolated mass of cold air over the continent.
- This polar vortex prevents the exchange of air between the polar and mid-latitude regions, trapping the ODS within the vortex.
- The extreme cold temperatures in Antarctica, along with the presence of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), provide ideal conditions for chemical reactions that lead to the destruction of ozone.
- When sunlight returns to Antarctica in the spring, the combination of the accumulated ODS and the presence of sunlight triggers a series of chemical reactions that result in the depletion of ozone.
- This depletion leads to the formation of the ozone hole, which reaches its maximum extent in September-October.
- The formation of the ozone hole over Antarctica has significant implications for both human health and the environment, as it allows more harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun to reach the Earth's surface.

Introduction:
In this question, we are asked to identify the disease that is not waterborne. To answer this question, we need to understand the nature of the mentioned diseases and determine which ones are transmitted through water.
Diseases:
The diseases mentioned in the question are:
A: Cholera: Cholera is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is primarily transmitted through contaminated water or food.
B: Typhoid: Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. It is also transmitted through contaminated food and water.
C: Dysentery: Dysentery is an infection of the intestines, usually caused by bacteria or parasites. It can be transmitted through contaminated food or water.
D: Asthma: Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. It is not a waterborne disease and is not transmitted through water.
Conclusion:
Based on the information provided, the disease that is not waterborne is Asthma. Cholera, typhoid, and dysentery are all waterborne diseases that can be transmitted through contaminated water or food.

Greenhouse gases that occur both naturally and from human activities include water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ozone (O3). Other greenhouse gases have essentially no natural sources, but are side products of industrial processes or manufactured for human purposes such as cleaning agents, refrigerants, and electrical insulators. These include the fluorinated gases: chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs), bromofluorocarbons (halons), perfluorcarbons, PFCs, nitrogen trifluoride, NF3, and sulfur hexafluoride, SF6. 

The one gas out of these that is not a Greenhouse Gas is SO2.

Water pollution is caused by various factors, but the main factor is industrial wastes.
Explanation:
- Water pollution refers to the contamination of water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and oceans, which makes the water unfit for human use and harmful to the environment and aquatic life.
- Industrial wastes, which are generated by manufacturing and production processes, are a major source of water pollution.
- These wastes often contain harmful chemicals, heavy metals, and toxins that are released into water bodies, leading to pollution.
- Industrial activities such as mining, manufacturing, and power generation produce large volumes of waste materials, including toxic substances like lead, mercury, and arsenic.
- When these hazardous substances enter water bodies, they can have detrimental effects on the health of humans, animals, and plants.
- Industrial wastewater, which is discharged into water bodies without proper treatment, can also contain high levels of pollutants such as organic compounds, acids, and solvents.
- These pollutants can deplete oxygen levels in the water, leading to the death of aquatic organisms and disrupting ecosystems.
- Other factors such as pesticides, ammonia, and detergents can also contribute to water pollution, but industrial wastes are the main factor due to their large-scale production and release into water bodies.
In conclusion, while there are various factors contributing to water pollution, industrial wastes are the main factor due to their significant volume and the harmful substances they contain. It is crucial to implement proper waste management and treatment practices to reduce industrial pollution and protect our water resources.