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Read the given passage carefully and fill in the blanks by selecting an appropriate option.
Sound is a type of (i) wave that travels through a medium. It cannot travel through a (ii) . The (iii) of a sound wave determines its pitch, and the (iv) of the wave determines its loudness. The speed of sound is fastest in (v) .
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
  • a)
    Longitudinal Vacuum Frequency Amplitude Solids
  • b)
    Transverse Vacuum Amplitude Frequency Liquids
  • c)
    Longitudinal Medium Amplitude Frequency Solids
  • d)
    Transverse Medium Frequency Amplitude Gases
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Explanation:

Sound Wave Characteristics:
- Sound is a type of longitudinal wave that travels through a medium.
- It cannot travel through a vacuum, as it requires a medium to propagate.
- The frequency of a sound wave determines its pitch, where higher frequencies produce higher pitches.
- The amplitude of the wave determines its loudness, with larger amplitudes producing louder sounds.
- The speed of sound is fastest in solids due to the closely packed particles that allow for faster transmission of the wave.
Therefore, the correct option is:
(i) Longitudinal
(ii) Vacuum
(iii) Frequency
(iv) Amplitude
(v) Solids
This explanation breaks down the characteristics of sound waves and clarifies why each option is the most suitable choice for filling in the blanks.

A mineral ‘W’ with the formula NaCl is commonly used in cooking.
Compound (W) contains
  • a)
    One Na–Cl single bond
  • b)
    Ionic bonds between Na+ and Cl-
  • c)
    Covalent bonds between Na and Cl
  • d)
    Metallic bonds between Na and Cl
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ishita Kumar answered
Explanation:

NaCl Compound:
- The compound 'W' mentioned in the question with the formula NaCl is sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt.

Bonding in NaCl:
- Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound.
- It is formed when sodium (Na) atoms lose an electron to form Na+ ions, and chlorine (Cl) atoms gain an electron to form Cl- ions.
- The attraction between these positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions results in the formation of ionic bonds.

Characteristics of Ionic Bonds:
- Ionic bonds are formed between a metal (sodium) and a non-metal (chlorine).
- These bonds are formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions.
- Ionic bonds are strong electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged ions.

Usage in Cooking:
- Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly used in cooking as a seasoning and flavor enhancer.
- It helps to enhance the taste of food by adding a salty flavor.

Conclusion:
- In conclusion, compound 'W' with the formula NaCl contains ionic bonds between sodium and chlorine atoms. These bonds are responsible for the formation of sodium chloride, which is widely used in cooking for its flavor-enhancing properties.

Select the incorrect statement.
  • a)
    The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons.
  • b)
    Electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed, circular paths.
  • c)
    Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
  • d)
    The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Riddhi patil answered
Incorrect Statement Explanation:

Electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed, circular paths
- Electrons do not orbit the nucleus in fixed, circular paths as depicted in the Bohr model.
- In reality, electrons exist in regions around the nucleus called electron clouds or orbitals.
- These orbitals represent the probability of finding an electron at a particular location.
- The exact path or trajectory of an electron cannot be precisely determined due to the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics.
Therefore, option B is incorrect because electrons do not orbit the nucleus in fixed, circular paths.

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is/are correct?
I. Acids have a pH less than 7.
II. Bases have a pH greater than 7.
III. Neutral solutions have a pH of 7.
IV. Acids turn blue litmus paper red.
  • a)
    I and III only
  • b)
    II and IV only
  • c)
    I, II, and III only
  • d)
    I, II, III, and IV
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Akshara Basu answered
Explanation:

Acids and Bases
- Acids have a pH less than 7, indicating that they are acidic in nature.
- Bases have a pH greater than 7, indicating that they are basic in nature.
- Neutral solutions have a pH of 7, which means they are neither acidic nor basic.
- Acids turn blue litmus paper red, which is a common test to distinguish between acids and bases.
Therefore, all the statements provided in the question are correct.
- Statement I: Acids have a pH less than 7 (True)
- Statement II: Bases have a pH greater than 7 (True)
- Statement III: Neutral solutions have a pH of 7 (True)
- Statement IV: Acids turn blue litmus paper red (True)

Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?
I. Sodium
II. Chlorine
III. Oxygen
IV. Fluorine
  • a)
    I only
  • b)
    II only
  • c)
    III only
  • d)
    IV only
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. Fluorine is the most electronegative element on the periodic table.

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