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All questions of CBSE New Pattern: Term II Practice Questions for Class 11 Exam
The lighter alkaline earth metals are very important in animal and plant physiology. Magnesium functions as the active center in some enzymes and calcium salts take a structural role in bones. The alkaline earth metals have the second lowest first ionisation energies in their respective periods. The ions of these elements perform important biological functions like maintenance of ion balance and nerve impulse conduction. The given questions (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option.Assertion: Be and Mg impart colour to the flame.Reason: They have high ionisation energies.- a)A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The lighter alkaline earth metals are very important in animal and plant physiology. Magnesium functions as the active center in some enzymes and calcium salts take a structural role in bones. The alkaline earth metals have the second lowest first ionisation energies in their respective periods. The ions of these elements perform important biological functions like maintenance of ion balance and nerve impulse conduction. The given questions (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option.
Assertion: Be and Mg impart colour to the flame.
Reason: They have high ionisation energies.
a)
A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
Preeti Iyer answered |
Small sized Be and Mg atoms have high ionization energies. Hence, the energy of flame is not sufficient to excite their electrons. Thus, Be and Mg do not produce colour in flame.
Entropy is a measure of degree of randomness. Entropy is directly proportional to temperature. Every system tries to acquire maximum state of randomness or disorder. Entropy is a measure of unavailable energy. Unavailable energy = Entropy × Temperature The ratio of Entropy of Vaporization and boiling point of a substance remains almost constant. Answer the given below questions (i) to (iv).
Q. The sign of ΔS in the reaction, N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g) is:
- a)+ve
- b)–ve
- c)Zero
- d)None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Entropy is a measure of degree of randomness. Entropy is directly proportional to temperature. Every system tries to acquire maximum state of randomness or disorder. Entropy is a measure of unavailable energy. Unavailable energy = Entropy × Temperature The ratio of Entropy of Vaporization and boiling point of a substance remains almost constant. Answer the given below questions (i) to (iv).
Q. The sign of ΔS in the reaction, N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g) is:
a)
+ve
b)
–ve
c)
Zero
d)
None of these
|
Athira Chavan answered |
Explanation:
Let's understand the given reaction: N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)
In this reaction, nitrogen gas (N2) and oxygen gas (O2) react to form nitrogen monoxide gas (NO). The stoichiometric coefficient in front of each compound represents the number of moles of that compound involved in the reaction.
To determine the sign of ΔS (change in entropy) for this reaction, we need to consider the number of gaseous moles before and after the reaction.
Before the reaction:
N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)
There are 1 mole of N2 and 1 mole of O2, so the total number of gaseous moles is 1 + 1 = 2.
After the reaction:
N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)
There are 2 moles of NO, so the total number of gaseous moles is 2.
Since the number of gaseous moles has increased from 2 to 2, there is no change in the number of gaseous moles. Therefore, the change in entropy (ΔS) for this reaction is zero.
Hence, the answer is option 'A' (zero).
Summary:
- The given reaction is N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g).
- To determine the sign of ΔS (change in entropy), we consider the number of gaseous moles before and after the reaction.
- The number of gaseous moles does not change from 2 to 2, so the change in entropy (ΔS) is zero.
- Therefore, the answer is option 'A' (zero).
Let's understand the given reaction: N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)
In this reaction, nitrogen gas (N2) and oxygen gas (O2) react to form nitrogen monoxide gas (NO). The stoichiometric coefficient in front of each compound represents the number of moles of that compound involved in the reaction.
To determine the sign of ΔS (change in entropy) for this reaction, we need to consider the number of gaseous moles before and after the reaction.
Before the reaction:
N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)
There are 1 mole of N2 and 1 mole of O2, so the total number of gaseous moles is 1 + 1 = 2.
After the reaction:
N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)
There are 2 moles of NO, so the total number of gaseous moles is 2.
Since the number of gaseous moles has increased from 2 to 2, there is no change in the number of gaseous moles. Therefore, the change in entropy (ΔS) for this reaction is zero.
Hence, the answer is option 'A' (zero).
Summary:
- The given reaction is N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g).
- To determine the sign of ΔS (change in entropy), we consider the number of gaseous moles before and after the reaction.
- The number of gaseous moles does not change from 2 to 2, so the change in entropy (ΔS) is zero.
- Therefore, the answer is option 'A' (zero).
The lighter alkaline earth metals are very important in animal and plant physiology. Magnesium functions as the active center in some enzymes and calcium salts take a structural role in bones. The alkaline earth metals have the second lowest first ionisation energies in their respective periods. The ions of these elements perform important biological functions like maintenance of ion balance and nerve impulse conduction. The given questions (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option.
Assertion: The second ionisation enthalpies of the alkaline earth metals are smaller than the metals.
Reason: The second electron is to be removed from the cation have inert gas configuration.
- a)A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The lighter alkaline earth metals are very important in animal and plant physiology. Magnesium functions as the active center in some enzymes and calcium salts take a structural role in bones. The alkaline earth metals have the second lowest first ionisation energies in their respective periods. The ions of these elements perform important biological functions like maintenance of ion balance and nerve impulse conduction. The given questions (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option.
Assertion: The second ionisation enthalpies of the alkaline earth metals are smaller than the metals.
Reason: The second electron is to be removed from the cation have inert gas configuration.
a)
A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
Pooja Shah answered |
The second ionization enthalpies of the alkaline earth metals are indeed smaller than those of the corresponding alkali metals. This is because the second electron in alkaline earth metals is removed from a cation that already has a noble gas configuration (i.e., a filled valence shell). The removal of this electron is therefore more difficult than the first electron, but easier than the subsequent electrons, which involve the removal of electrons from inner shells.
The reason given for the assertion is also correct. When an alkaline earth metal atom loses its first electron to form a cation, it attains a noble gas configuration (e.g., Mg+ has the same electron configuration as neon). Therefore, the second electron must be removed from a cation that has a noble gas configuration, which requires less energy than removing an electron from a neutral atom.
Thus, both the assertion and reason are correct, and the reason justifies the assertion.
The lighter alkaline earth metals are very important in animal and plant physiology. Magnesium functions as the active center in some enzymes and calcium salts take a structural role in bones. The alkaline earth metals have the second lowest first ionisation energies in their respective periods. The ions of these elements perform important biological functions like maintenance of ion balance and nerve impulse conduction. The given questions (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option.
Assertion: Calcium help in neuromuscular function.
Reason: All Calcium passes through the plasma.
- a)A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The lighter alkaline earth metals are very important in animal and plant physiology. Magnesium functions as the active center in some enzymes and calcium salts take a structural role in bones. The alkaline earth metals have the second lowest first ionisation energies in their respective periods. The ions of these elements perform important biological functions like maintenance of ion balance and nerve impulse conduction. The given questions (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option.
Assertion: Calcium help in neuromuscular function.
Reason: All Calcium passes through the plasma.
a)
A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
|
Pooja Shah answered |
Correct option is B. A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.Assertion (A): Increasing order of acidity of hydrogen halides is HF < hci="" />< hbr="" />< />Reason (R): While comparing acids formed by the elements belonging to the same group of periodic table. H-A bond strength is a more important factor in determining acidity of an acid than the polar nature of the bond.- a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)Both A and R are false.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): Increasing order of acidity of hydrogen halides is HF < hci="" />< hbr="" />< />
Reason (R): While comparing acids formed by the elements belonging to the same group of periodic table. H-A bond strength is a more important factor in determining acidity of an acid than the polar nature of the bond.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
Both A and R are false.
|
Naina Sharma answered |
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
As, H−A bond strength is a more important factor in determining acidity than its polar nature. As the size of A increases down the group, H−A bond strength decreases.
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.Assertion: Saturated hydrocarbons are chemically less reactive.Reason : All isomeric paraffins have same parent name.- a)If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- b)If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- c)If assertion is true but reason is false.
- d)If both assertion and reason are false.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion: Saturated hydrocarbons are chemically less reactive.
Reason : All isomeric paraffins have same parent name.
a)
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
b)
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
c)
If assertion is true but reason is false.
d)
If both assertion and reason are false.
|
Suresh Reddy answered |
Less reactivity of saturated hydrocarbons is due to the presence of single bonds between carbon atoms. Paraffins (alkanes) may have straight chain or branched chain isomers which have different parent names.
Entropy is a measure of degree of randomness. Entropy is directly proportional to temperature. Every system tries to acquire maximum state of randomness or disorder. Entropy is a measure of unavailable energy. Unavailable energy = Entropy × Temperature The ratio of Entropy of Vaporization and boiling point of a substance remains almost constant. Answer the given below questions (i) to (iv).Q. The law of thermodynamics, which helps to determine absolute Entropy is:- a)Zeroth law
- b)I law
- c)II law
- d)III law
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Entropy is a measure of degree of randomness. Entropy is directly proportional to temperature. Every system tries to acquire maximum state of randomness or disorder. Entropy is a measure of unavailable energy. Unavailable energy = Entropy × Temperature The ratio of Entropy of Vaporization and boiling point of a substance remains almost constant. Answer the given below questions (i) to (iv).
Q. The law of thermodynamics, which helps to determine absolute Entropy is:
a)
Zeroth law
b)
I law
c)
II law
d)
III law
|
Rishika Deshpande answered |
Understanding Absolute Entropy
The concept of absolute entropy is rooted in the laws of thermodynamics, particularly the third law.
Third Law of Thermodynamics
- The third law states that as the temperature of a perfect crystalline substance approaches absolute zero, the entropy approaches a constant minimum.
- This implies that at absolute zero (0 Kelvin), the entropy of a perfect crystal is zero, as there are no degrees of freedom for disorder.
- This law provides a baseline from which absolute entropy can be calculated for any substance at any temperature.
Importance of Absolute Entropy
- Absolute entropy allows scientists to quantify the disorder or randomness of a system.
- It helps in understanding processes like phase transitions, chemical reactions, and the behavior of gases.
- By using the third law, we can determine the absolute entropy of a substance by measuring its entropy changes from a reference state (absolute zero).
Entropy and Temperature Relationship
- As temperature increases, the energy levels of particles become more populated, leading to increased randomness and thus higher entropy.
- The relationship between entropy and temperature is crucial for various thermodynamic calculations, including the calculation of available energy.
In summary, the third law of thermodynamics is essential for determining absolute entropy, providing insight into the nature of energy and disorder within a system.
The concept of absolute entropy is rooted in the laws of thermodynamics, particularly the third law.
Third Law of Thermodynamics
- The third law states that as the temperature of a perfect crystalline substance approaches absolute zero, the entropy approaches a constant minimum.
- This implies that at absolute zero (0 Kelvin), the entropy of a perfect crystal is zero, as there are no degrees of freedom for disorder.
- This law provides a baseline from which absolute entropy can be calculated for any substance at any temperature.
Importance of Absolute Entropy
- Absolute entropy allows scientists to quantify the disorder or randomness of a system.
- It helps in understanding processes like phase transitions, chemical reactions, and the behavior of gases.
- By using the third law, we can determine the absolute entropy of a substance by measuring its entropy changes from a reference state (absolute zero).
Entropy and Temperature Relationship
- As temperature increases, the energy levels of particles become more populated, leading to increased randomness and thus higher entropy.
- The relationship between entropy and temperature is crucial for various thermodynamic calculations, including the calculation of available energy.
In summary, the third law of thermodynamics is essential for determining absolute entropy, providing insight into the nature of energy and disorder within a system.
The variables Pressure, Volume, Concentration and Temperature may change the State of Equilibrium. The change is governed by the Le-Chatelier’s principle. The decomposition of NH3(g) can be made spontaneous by increasing the temperature and lowering pressure. In the reaction, removal of any product from the reaction mixture makes the reversible reaction irreversible and therefore, reaction proceeds to completion. Answer the given questions (i) to (iv).Q. The equilibrium Solid → Liquid → Gas will shift in forward direction when:- a)temperature is increased
- b)temperature is lowered
- c)pressure is increased
- d)pressure is lowered
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The variables Pressure, Volume, Concentration and Temperature may change the State of Equilibrium. The change is governed by the Le-Chatelier’s principle. The decomposition of NH3(g) can be made spontaneous by increasing the temperature and lowering pressure. In the reaction, removal of any product from the reaction mixture makes the reversible reaction irreversible and therefore, reaction proceeds to completion. Answer the given questions (i) to (iv).
Q. The equilibrium Solid → Liquid → Gas will shift in forward direction when:
a)
temperature is increased
b)
temperature is lowered
c)
pressure is increased
d)
pressure is lowered
|
Ameya Pillai answered |
The equilibrium Solid → Liquid → Gas will shift in the forward direction when the temperature is increased.
Explanation:
Le Chatelier's principle states that when a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change in conditions, the equilibrium will shift in a direction that minimizes the effect of that change.
In the given equilibrium Solid → Liquid → Gas, the reaction proceeds in the forward direction from solid to liquid to gas. This means that as the temperature increases, the equilibrium will shift in the forward direction, favoring the formation of more gas.
Here's a detailed explanation of why the forward shift occurs when the temperature is increased:
1. Increase in temperature:
- When the temperature is increased, the average kinetic energy of the particles in the system also increases.
- In the solid state, the particles are closely packed and have low kinetic energy, resulting in a fixed shape and volume.
- As the temperature increases, the particles gain energy and start moving more vigorously, leading to the melting of the solid and formation of a liquid.
- Further increase in temperature leads to increased kinetic energy, causing the liquid particles to move even faster, resulting in the evaporation of the liquid and formation of a gas.
- Therefore, increasing the temperature favors the forward reaction, promoting the formation of more gas.
2. Decrease in temperature:
- On the other hand, when the temperature is lowered, the average kinetic energy of the particles decreases.
- In the gas state, the particles have high kinetic energy and are widely separated, resulting in a random arrangement and no fixed shape or volume.
- As the temperature decreases, the gas particles lose energy and slow down, leading to the condensation of the gas and formation of a liquid.
- Further decrease in temperature causes the liquid particles to lose energy and slow down even more, resulting in the solidification of the liquid.
- Therefore, decreasing the temperature favors the reverse reaction, promoting the formation of more solid.
In conclusion, the equilibrium Solid → Liquid → Gas will shift in the forward direction when the temperature is increased because it favors the formation of more gas.
Explanation:
Le Chatelier's principle states that when a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change in conditions, the equilibrium will shift in a direction that minimizes the effect of that change.
In the given equilibrium Solid → Liquid → Gas, the reaction proceeds in the forward direction from solid to liquid to gas. This means that as the temperature increases, the equilibrium will shift in the forward direction, favoring the formation of more gas.
Here's a detailed explanation of why the forward shift occurs when the temperature is increased:
1. Increase in temperature:
- When the temperature is increased, the average kinetic energy of the particles in the system also increases.
- In the solid state, the particles are closely packed and have low kinetic energy, resulting in a fixed shape and volume.
- As the temperature increases, the particles gain energy and start moving more vigorously, leading to the melting of the solid and formation of a liquid.
- Further increase in temperature leads to increased kinetic energy, causing the liquid particles to move even faster, resulting in the evaporation of the liquid and formation of a gas.
- Therefore, increasing the temperature favors the forward reaction, promoting the formation of more gas.
2. Decrease in temperature:
- On the other hand, when the temperature is lowered, the average kinetic energy of the particles decreases.
- In the gas state, the particles have high kinetic energy and are widely separated, resulting in a random arrangement and no fixed shape or volume.
- As the temperature decreases, the gas particles lose energy and slow down, leading to the condensation of the gas and formation of a liquid.
- Further decrease in temperature causes the liquid particles to lose energy and slow down even more, resulting in the solidification of the liquid.
- Therefore, decreasing the temperature favors the reverse reaction, promoting the formation of more solid.
In conclusion, the equilibrium Solid → Liquid → Gas will shift in the forward direction when the temperature is increased because it favors the formation of more gas.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): An aqueous solution of ammonium acetate can act as a buffer.
Reason (R) : Acetic acid is a weak acid and NH4OH is a weak base.
- a)Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A.
- c)A is false but R is true.
- d)Both A and R are false.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): An aqueous solution of ammonium acetate can act as a buffer.
Reason (R) : Acetic acid is a weak acid and NH4OH is a weak base.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A.
c)
A is false but R is true.
d)
Both A and R are false.
|
Neha Joshi answered |
Analyzing the Assertion and Reason:
Assertion : It is true because solution of ammonium acetate is salt solution giving NH+4 and CH3COO− ions which can react with both H+ and OH− from strong acid or base in a small amount to form weak acid or base so will resist the change in pH, so it is a buffer solution.
Assertion : It is true because solution of ammonium acetate is salt solution giving NH+4 and CH3COO− ions which can react with both H+ and OH− from strong acid or base in a small amount to form weak acid or base so will resist the change in pH, so it is a buffer solution.
Reason : It is not because CH3COOH is weak acid and NH4OH is a weak base as explained above.
Hence A is false but R is true.
Hence A is false but R is true.
The internal energy of a system may be changed either by allowing the exchange of heat with the surroundings or by doing work on the system. If the reaction is carried out at a constant volume, pressure-volume work done is zero. We know that qp = qv + ngRT. Internal energy is an extensive property and a state function. The questions from (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option:Assertion: Internal energy of a system is an extensive property.Reason: The internal energy of a system depends upon the physical state and amount of the substance.- a)A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The internal energy of a system may be changed either by allowing the exchange of heat with the surroundings or by doing work on the system. If the reaction is carried out at a constant volume, pressure-volume work done is zero. We know that qp = qv + ngRT. Internal energy is an extensive property and a state function. The questions from (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option:
Assertion: Internal energy of a system is an extensive property.
Reason: The internal energy of a system depends upon the physical state and amount of the substance.
a)
A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
|
Nandini Iyer answered |
As internal energy is U = mcvdT so it depends upon mass m, and specific heat cv, i.e., it depends upon amount and state of the substance.
So Internal energy is an extensive property of system.
For example if we take a container filled with gas and partition it into two halves, mass in each side also get halved, thus internal energy U = mcvdT is also reduced to half.
Greater the degree of dissociation (a) of an acid or base, greater is its acidic or basic strength. The relative strengths of weak acids or bases are compared in terms of √Ka or √Kb.Weak electrolytes are dissociated to less extent in water. Dissociation constants depend upon temperature.The questions given (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) reason (R). Choose the correct option.Assertion: The equilibrium constant is fixed and is a characteristic of any given chemical reaction at a specified temperature.Reason: The composition of the final equilibrium mixture at a particular temperature depends upon the starting amount of reactants.- a)A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Greater the degree of dissociation (a) of an acid or base, greater is its acidic or basic strength. The relative strengths of weak acids or bases are compared in terms of √Ka or √Kb.
Weak electrolytes are dissociated to less extent in water. Dissociation constants depend upon temperature.
The questions given (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) reason (R). Choose the correct option.
Assertion: The equilibrium constant is fixed and is a characteristic of any given chemical reaction at a specified temperature.
Reason: The composition of the final equilibrium mixture at a particular temperature depends upon the starting amount of reactants.
a)
A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
Dipika Singh answered |
Assertion: The equilibrium constant is fixed and is a characteristic of any given chemical reaction at a specified temperature.
Reason: The composition of the final equilibrium mixture at a particular temperature depends upon the starting amount of reactants.
The correct answer is option 'C' - A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
The equilibrium constant (K) is a measure of the extent to which a chemical reaction reaches equilibrium. It is a fixed value at a given temperature and is determined by the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation. The equilibrium constant is independent of the initial concentrations of reactants and products.
Assertion: The equilibrium constant is fixed and is a characteristic of any given chemical reaction at a specified temperature.
This statement is correct. The equilibrium constant remains constant as long as the temperature is constant. It is a characteristic of the reaction and provides information about the position of equilibrium. The value of K can vary depending on the temperature, but for a given temperature, it is fixed.
Reason: The composition of the final equilibrium mixture at a particular temperature depends upon the starting amount of reactants.
This statement is false. The composition of the equilibrium mixture is determined solely by the value of the equilibrium constant (K) and not by the starting amount of reactants. The equilibrium constant determines the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium, regardless of the initial concentrations. The starting amounts of reactants only affect the time it takes for the reaction to reach equilibrium, but not the final composition of the equilibrium mixture.
In conclusion, while the assertion is true, the reason is false. The equilibrium constant is fixed and is a characteristic of any given chemical reaction at a specified temperature, and the composition of the final equilibrium mixture is determined by the equilibrium constant, not the starting amount of reactants.
Reason: The composition of the final equilibrium mixture at a particular temperature depends upon the starting amount of reactants.
The correct answer is option 'C' - A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
The equilibrium constant (K) is a measure of the extent to which a chemical reaction reaches equilibrium. It is a fixed value at a given temperature and is determined by the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation. The equilibrium constant is independent of the initial concentrations of reactants and products.
Assertion: The equilibrium constant is fixed and is a characteristic of any given chemical reaction at a specified temperature.
This statement is correct. The equilibrium constant remains constant as long as the temperature is constant. It is a characteristic of the reaction and provides information about the position of equilibrium. The value of K can vary depending on the temperature, but for a given temperature, it is fixed.
Reason: The composition of the final equilibrium mixture at a particular temperature depends upon the starting amount of reactants.
This statement is false. The composition of the equilibrium mixture is determined solely by the value of the equilibrium constant (K) and not by the starting amount of reactants. The equilibrium constant determines the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium, regardless of the initial concentrations. The starting amounts of reactants only affect the time it takes for the reaction to reach equilibrium, but not the final composition of the equilibrium mixture.
In conclusion, while the assertion is true, the reason is false. The equilibrium constant is fixed and is a characteristic of any given chemical reaction at a specified temperature, and the composition of the final equilibrium mixture is determined by the equilibrium constant, not the starting amount of reactants.
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.Assertion (A): Three states of matter are the result of balance between intermolecular forces and thermal energy of the molecules.Reason (R): Intermolecular forces tend to keep the molecules together but thermal energy of molecules tends to keep them apart.- a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): Three states of matter are the result of balance between intermolecular forces and thermal energy of the molecules.
Reason (R): Intermolecular forces tend to keep the molecules together but thermal energy of molecules tends to keep them apart.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
|
Naina Sharma answered |
Both the factors, i.e., intermolecular forces and thermal energy decide the state of matter. Balance is required in these two factors.
Viscosity is the internal resistance to the flow possessed by a liquid. The internal resistance depends upon the intermolecular attractive forces. Liquids which flow rapidly have low internal resistance, small intermolecular forces and low viscosity. Glass is an extremely viscous liquid, hence, its properties resemble to that of solids.Assertion: Effusion rate of Oxygen is smaller than nitrogen.Reason: Molecular size of Nitrogen is smaller than Oxygen.- a)A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Viscosity is the internal resistance to the flow possessed by a liquid. The internal resistance depends upon the intermolecular attractive forces. Liquids which flow rapidly have low internal resistance, small intermolecular forces and low viscosity. Glass is an extremely viscous liquid, hence, its properties resemble to that of solids.
Assertion: Effusion rate of Oxygen is smaller than nitrogen.
Reason: Molecular size of Nitrogen is smaller than Oxygen.
a)
A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
|
Tanishq Tiwari answered |
Assertion: Effusion rate of Oxygen is smaller than nitrogen.
Reason: Molecular size of Nitrogen is smaller than Oxygen.
The correct answer is option C, which states that assertion A is true but reason R is false.
Explanation:
Assertion: Effusion rate of Oxygen is smaller than nitrogen.
Reason: Molecular size of Nitrogen is smaller than Oxygen.
To understand the assertion and reason, let's first discuss the concepts of effusion rate and molecular size.
Effusion Rate:
Effusion is the process by which a gas escapes from a container through a small hole. The effusion rate is the rate at which a gas escapes from the container. It depends on the average velocity of the gas molecules.
Molecular Size:
Molecular size refers to the size of individual molecules. It is determined by the number and arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Now, let's analyze the assertion and reason:
- Assertion: Effusion rate of Oxygen is smaller than nitrogen.
This statement is true. The effusion rate is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas. Oxygen has a higher molar mass than nitrogen, so its effusion rate is smaller.
- Reason: Molecular size of Nitrogen is smaller than Oxygen.
This statement is false. The molecular size of a gas is not solely determined by its molar mass. Other factors such as the number and arrangement of atoms in a molecule also contribute to molecular size. While nitrogen has a smaller molar mass than oxygen, it does not necessarily mean that its molecular size is smaller.
Conclusion:
The effusion rate of oxygen is indeed smaller than nitrogen, but it is not solely due to the molecular size of nitrogen being smaller than oxygen. Therefore, assertion A is true, but reason R is false.
Reason: Molecular size of Nitrogen is smaller than Oxygen.
The correct answer is option C, which states that assertion A is true but reason R is false.
Explanation:
Assertion: Effusion rate of Oxygen is smaller than nitrogen.
Reason: Molecular size of Nitrogen is smaller than Oxygen.
To understand the assertion and reason, let's first discuss the concepts of effusion rate and molecular size.
Effusion Rate:
Effusion is the process by which a gas escapes from a container through a small hole. The effusion rate is the rate at which a gas escapes from the container. It depends on the average velocity of the gas molecules.
Molecular Size:
Molecular size refers to the size of individual molecules. It is determined by the number and arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Now, let's analyze the assertion and reason:
- Assertion: Effusion rate of Oxygen is smaller than nitrogen.
This statement is true. The effusion rate is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas. Oxygen has a higher molar mass than nitrogen, so its effusion rate is smaller.
- Reason: Molecular size of Nitrogen is smaller than Oxygen.
This statement is false. The molecular size of a gas is not solely determined by its molar mass. Other factors such as the number and arrangement of atoms in a molecule also contribute to molecular size. While nitrogen has a smaller molar mass than oxygen, it does not necessarily mean that its molecular size is smaller.
Conclusion:
The effusion rate of oxygen is indeed smaller than nitrogen, but it is not solely due to the molecular size of nitrogen being smaller than oxygen. Therefore, assertion A is true, but reason R is false.
Viscosity is the internal resistance to the flow possessed by a liquid. The internal resistance depends upon the intermolecular attractive forces. Liquids which flow rapidly have low internal resistance, small intermolecular forces and low viscosity. Glass is an extremely viscous liquid, hence, its properties resemble to that of solids.Assertion: Viscosity of the liquid decreases with decrease in temperature.Reason: Kinetic energy of the molecules increases with increase in temperature.- a)A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Viscosity is the internal resistance to the flow possessed by a liquid. The internal resistance depends upon the intermolecular attractive forces. Liquids which flow rapidly have low internal resistance, small intermolecular forces and low viscosity. Glass is an extremely viscous liquid, hence, its properties resemble to that of solids.
Assertion: Viscosity of the liquid decreases with decrease in temperature.
Reason: Kinetic energy of the molecules increases with increase in temperature.
a)
A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
Jatin Dasgupta answered |
Understanding Viscosity
Viscosity refers to a liquid's internal resistance to flow, which is significantly influenced by intermolecular forces. Generally, when these forces are weak, the liquid flows easily, resulting in low viscosity. Conversely, strong intermolecular forces lead to higher viscosity.
Assertion: Viscosity of the liquid decreases with decrease in temperature.
- This statement is false.
- In fact, viscosity typically increases as temperature decreases because the kinetic energy of molecules diminishes. As the temperature drops, molecules move less vigorously, increasing the internal resistance to flow.
Reason: Kinetic energy of the molecules increases with increase in temperature.
- This assertion is true.
- As temperature rises, the kinetic energy of the molecules also increases, which leads to more vigorous molecular motion. This increased movement reduces the intermolecular forces' effect, thereby decreasing the viscosity.
Conclusion
- The correct answer to the question is option D: "A is false but R is true."
- The assertion about viscosity decreasing with a decrease in temperature is incorrect, while the reason regarding the increase in molecular kinetic energy with temperature is accurate.
This distinction highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between temperature and viscosity in liquids, which is crucial for various scientific applications.
Viscosity refers to a liquid's internal resistance to flow, which is significantly influenced by intermolecular forces. Generally, when these forces are weak, the liquid flows easily, resulting in low viscosity. Conversely, strong intermolecular forces lead to higher viscosity.
Assertion: Viscosity of the liquid decreases with decrease in temperature.
- This statement is false.
- In fact, viscosity typically increases as temperature decreases because the kinetic energy of molecules diminishes. As the temperature drops, molecules move less vigorously, increasing the internal resistance to flow.
Reason: Kinetic energy of the molecules increases with increase in temperature.
- This assertion is true.
- As temperature rises, the kinetic energy of the molecules also increases, which leads to more vigorous molecular motion. This increased movement reduces the intermolecular forces' effect, thereby decreasing the viscosity.
Conclusion
- The correct answer to the question is option D: "A is false but R is true."
- The assertion about viscosity decreasing with a decrease in temperature is incorrect, while the reason regarding the increase in molecular kinetic energy with temperature is accurate.
This distinction highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between temperature and viscosity in liquids, which is crucial for various scientific applications.
The internal energy of a system may be changed either by allowing the exchange of heat with the surroundings or by doing work on the system. If the reaction is carried out at a constant volume, pressure-volume work done is zero. We know that qp = qv + ngRT. Internal energy is an extensive property and a state function. The questions from (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option:Assertion: Absolute value of internal energy (U) cannot be determined.Reason: Internal energy is a sum of many types of energies, that depend on several factors.- a)A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The internal energy of a system may be changed either by allowing the exchange of heat with the surroundings or by doing work on the system. If the reaction is carried out at a constant volume, pressure-volume work done is zero. We know that qp = qv + ngRT. Internal energy is an extensive property and a state function. The questions from (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option:
Assertion: Absolute value of internal energy (U) cannot be determined.
Reason: Internal energy is a sum of many types of energies, that depend on several factors.
a)
A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
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Anand Kapoor answered |
Assertion: Absolute value of internal energy (U) cannot be determined.
Reason: Internal energy is a sum of many types of energies that depend on several factors.
Explanation:
The assertion states that the absolute value of internal energy (U) cannot be determined, while the reason states that internal energy is a sum of many types of energies that depend on several factors.
Internal Energy and its Determination:
- Internal energy is the sum of all the microscopic kinetic and potential energies of the molecules in a system. It includes the energies associated with molecular motion, rotation, vibration, and intermolecular forces.
- Since internal energy is a state function, its change can be determined by measuring the heat (q) and work (w) exchanged between the system and its surroundings.
- The change in internal energy (ΔU) of a system can be calculated using the first law of thermodynamics: ΔU = q + w, where q is the heat exchanged and w is the work done on or by the system.
- However, determining the absolute value of internal energy requires knowing its value at a specific reference point, which is arbitrary. Hence, the absolute value of internal energy cannot be determined.
Reasoning:
- The reason given for the assertion is correct. Internal energy is indeed a sum of many types of energies that depend on several factors. The internal energy of a system depends on the nature, composition, and state of the system, as well as external factors such as temperature and pressure.
- The kinetic and potential energies associated with molecular motion, rotation, and vibration contribute to the internal energy. Additionally, the intermolecular forces and interactions between molecules also contribute to the internal energy.
- These factors make it impossible to determine the absolute value of internal energy, as it is dependent on various factors that may vary from system to system.
Conclusion:
Based on the explanation and reasoning above, it can be concluded that both the assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is indeed the correct explanation for the assertion.
Reason: Internal energy is a sum of many types of energies that depend on several factors.
Explanation:
The assertion states that the absolute value of internal energy (U) cannot be determined, while the reason states that internal energy is a sum of many types of energies that depend on several factors.
Internal Energy and its Determination:
- Internal energy is the sum of all the microscopic kinetic and potential energies of the molecules in a system. It includes the energies associated with molecular motion, rotation, vibration, and intermolecular forces.
- Since internal energy is a state function, its change can be determined by measuring the heat (q) and work (w) exchanged between the system and its surroundings.
- The change in internal energy (ΔU) of a system can be calculated using the first law of thermodynamics: ΔU = q + w, where q is the heat exchanged and w is the work done on or by the system.
- However, determining the absolute value of internal energy requires knowing its value at a specific reference point, which is arbitrary. Hence, the absolute value of internal energy cannot be determined.
Reasoning:
- The reason given for the assertion is correct. Internal energy is indeed a sum of many types of energies that depend on several factors. The internal energy of a system depends on the nature, composition, and state of the system, as well as external factors such as temperature and pressure.
- The kinetic and potential energies associated with molecular motion, rotation, and vibration contribute to the internal energy. Additionally, the intermolecular forces and interactions between molecules also contribute to the internal energy.
- These factors make it impossible to determine the absolute value of internal energy, as it is dependent on various factors that may vary from system to system.
Conclusion:
Based on the explanation and reasoning above, it can be concluded that both the assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is indeed the correct explanation for the assertion.
The variables Pressure, Volume, Concentration and Temperature may change the State of Equilibrium. The change is governed by the Le-Chatelier’s principle. The decomposition of NH3(g) can be made spontaneous by increasing the temperature and lowering pressure. In the reaction, removal of any product from the reaction mixture makes the reversible reaction irreversible and therefore, reaction proceeds to completion. Answer the given questions (i) to (iv).Q. A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapour at its boiling point. On an average, the molecules in the two phases have equal:- a)Intermolecular forces
- b)Potential energy
- c)Kinetic energy
- d)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The variables Pressure, Volume, Concentration and Temperature may change the State of Equilibrium. The change is governed by the Le-Chatelier’s principle. The decomposition of NH3(g) can be made spontaneous by increasing the temperature and lowering pressure. In the reaction, removal of any product from the reaction mixture makes the reversible reaction irreversible and therefore, reaction proceeds to completion. Answer the given questions (i) to (iv).
Q. A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapour at its boiling point. On an average, the molecules in the two phases have equal:
a)
Intermolecular forces
b)
Potential energy
c)
Kinetic energy
d)
None of the above
|
Pranavi Das answered |
Explanation:
When a liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor at its boiling point, it means that the rate of evaporation of the liquid is equal to the rate of condensation of the vapor. This equilibrium is maintained due to the intermolecular forces between the molecules of the liquid and the vapor.
Intermolecular forces:
- Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction between molecules. They include London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding.
- In the case of a liquid-vapor equilibrium, the intermolecular forces between the liquid molecules and the vapor molecules are the same.
- These forces determine the physical properties of substances, such as boiling point, melting point, and solubility.
Potential energy:
- Potential energy is the energy stored in an object or system due to its position or configuration.
- In the context of a liquid-vapor equilibrium, the potential energy of the molecules in the liquid and vapor phases may be different.
- The potential energy does not have to be equal for the equilibrium to be maintained.
Kinetic energy:
- Kinetic energy is the energy of motion of an object or system.
- In the case of a liquid-vapor equilibrium, the average kinetic energy of the molecules in the liquid and vapor phases is equal.
- This is because the temperature at which the boiling point occurs is the temperature at which the average kinetic energy of the molecules is sufficient to overcome the intermolecular forces and transition from the liquid phase to the vapor phase.
Conclusion:
- The correct answer is option 'C' - Kinetic energy.
- On an average, the molecules in the liquid and vapor phases have equal kinetic energy.
- This is because the boiling point is the temperature at which the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation, and this equilibrium is maintained by the equal average kinetic energy of the molecules in the two phases.
When a liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor at its boiling point, it means that the rate of evaporation of the liquid is equal to the rate of condensation of the vapor. This equilibrium is maintained due to the intermolecular forces between the molecules of the liquid and the vapor.
Intermolecular forces:
- Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction between molecules. They include London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding.
- In the case of a liquid-vapor equilibrium, the intermolecular forces between the liquid molecules and the vapor molecules are the same.
- These forces determine the physical properties of substances, such as boiling point, melting point, and solubility.
Potential energy:
- Potential energy is the energy stored in an object or system due to its position or configuration.
- In the context of a liquid-vapor equilibrium, the potential energy of the molecules in the liquid and vapor phases may be different.
- The potential energy does not have to be equal for the equilibrium to be maintained.
Kinetic energy:
- Kinetic energy is the energy of motion of an object or system.
- In the case of a liquid-vapor equilibrium, the average kinetic energy of the molecules in the liquid and vapor phases is equal.
- This is because the temperature at which the boiling point occurs is the temperature at which the average kinetic energy of the molecules is sufficient to overcome the intermolecular forces and transition from the liquid phase to the vapor phase.
Conclusion:
- The correct answer is option 'C' - Kinetic energy.
- On an average, the molecules in the liquid and vapor phases have equal kinetic energy.
- This is because the boiling point is the temperature at which the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation, and this equilibrium is maintained by the equal average kinetic energy of the molecules in the two phases.
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.Assertion (A) : Toluene on Friedel-Crafts methylation gives o– and p–xylene.Reason (R) : CH3-group bonded to the benzene ring increases electron density at o– and p– position.- a)Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)Both A and R are not correct.
- d)A is not correct but R is correct.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A) : Toluene on Friedel-Crafts methylation gives o– and p–xylene.
Reason (R) : CH3-group bonded to the benzene ring increases electron density at o– and p– position.
a)
Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
Both A and R are not correct.
d)
A is not correct but R is correct.
|
|
Isha Kulkarni answered |
Explanation:
Assertion (A):
Toluene on Friedel-Crafts methylation gives o- and p-xylene.
Reason (R):
CH3-group bonded to the benzene ring increases electron density at o- and p- position.
Explanation:
Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
- Toluene undergoes Friedel-Crafts methylation in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst like AlCl3 to form o- and p-xylene as the major products.
- The presence of the CH3 group in toluene increases the electron density on the benzene ring, making the o- and p- positions more susceptible to electrophilic attack during the Friedel-Crafts reaction.
- This increase in electron density at the o- and p- positions results in the preferential substitution at these positions, leading to the formation of o- and p-xylene.
Therefore, the Reason (R) correctly explains why toluene on Friedel-Crafts methylation gives o- and p-xylene, supporting Assertion (A). Hence, Option (a) is the correct choice.
A chemical A is used for the preparation of washing soda to recover ammonia. When CO2 is bubbled through an aqueous solution of A, the solution turns milky. It is used in white washing due to disinfectant nature. What is the chemical formula of A?- a)Ca(HCO3)2
- b)CaO
- c)Ca(OH)2
- d)CaCO3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
A chemical A is used for the preparation of washing soda to recover ammonia. When CO2 is bubbled through an aqueous solution of A, the solution turns milky. It is used in white washing due to disinfectant nature. What is the chemical formula of A?
a)
Ca(HCO3)2
b)
CaO
c)
Ca(OH)2
d)
CaCO3
|
|
Ameya Pillai answered |
Solution:
The chemical formula of A is Ca(OH)2, which is calcium hydroxide.
Explanation:
When CO2 is bubbled through an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), a reaction occurs between the CO2 and the calcium hydroxide to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and water (H2O). The reaction can be represented by the following equation:
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H2O
The formation of calcium carbonate in the solution causes it to turn milky. This milky appearance is due to the formation of fine particles of calcium carbonate suspended in the solution.
Calcium hydroxide is commonly used in white washing due to its disinfectant nature. When calcium hydroxide is applied to surfaces, it reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide to form a thin layer of calcium carbonate on the surface. This layer acts as a disinfectant by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
To prepare washing soda, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is reacted with carbon dioxide (CO2) to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and water (H2O). The reaction can be represented by the following equation:
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
The resulting calcium carbonate can be further processed to obtain washing soda. Therefore, calcium hydroxide is an essential chemical in the preparation of washing soda and is used to recover ammonia.
In conclusion, the chemical formula of A is Ca(OH)2, which is calcium hydroxide. It is used in the preparation of washing soda to recover ammonia and is also used in white washing due to its disinfectant nature.
The chemical formula of A is Ca(OH)2, which is calcium hydroxide.
Explanation:
When CO2 is bubbled through an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), a reaction occurs between the CO2 and the calcium hydroxide to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and water (H2O). The reaction can be represented by the following equation:
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H2O
The formation of calcium carbonate in the solution causes it to turn milky. This milky appearance is due to the formation of fine particles of calcium carbonate suspended in the solution.
Calcium hydroxide is commonly used in white washing due to its disinfectant nature. When calcium hydroxide is applied to surfaces, it reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide to form a thin layer of calcium carbonate on the surface. This layer acts as a disinfectant by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
To prepare washing soda, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is reacted with carbon dioxide (CO2) to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and water (H2O). The reaction can be represented by the following equation:
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
The resulting calcium carbonate can be further processed to obtain washing soda. Therefore, calcium hydroxide is an essential chemical in the preparation of washing soda and is used to recover ammonia.
In conclusion, the chemical formula of A is Ca(OH)2, which is calcium hydroxide. It is used in the preparation of washing soda to recover ammonia and is also used in white washing due to its disinfectant nature.
Greater the degree of dissociation (a) of an acid or base, greater is its acidic or basic strength. The relative strengths of weak acids or bases are compared in terms of √Ka or √Kb.Weak electrolytes are dissociated to less extent in water. Dissociation constants depend upon temperature.The questions given (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) reason (R). Choose the correct option.Assertion: When dilution increases, the degree of dissociation of weak electrolyte also increases.Reason: The degree of dissociation is inversely proportional to concentration. When the dilution increases by 100 times, the dissociation increases by 10 times.- a)A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Greater the degree of dissociation (a) of an acid or base, greater is its acidic or basic strength. The relative strengths of weak acids or bases are compared in terms of √Ka or √Kb.
Weak electrolytes are dissociated to less extent in water. Dissociation constants depend upon temperature.
The questions given (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) reason (R). Choose the correct option.
Assertion: When dilution increases, the degree of dissociation of weak electrolyte also increases.
Reason: The degree of dissociation is inversely proportional to concentration. When the dilution increases by 100 times, the dissociation increases by 10 times.
a)
A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
Geetika Shah answered |
The degree of dissociation of a weak electrolyte:
- depends on the nature of solute and solvent. Higher is the dielectric constant of the solvent and lower is the viscosity of solvent, higher is the degree of dissociation as the inter ionic attraction decreases.
- increases with increase in dilution
- increases with increase in temperature. With increase in temperature, interionic attractions, solvation of ions, viscosity decreases and the kinetic energy of ions increases.
The lighter alkaline earth metals are very important in animal and plant physiology. Magnesium functions as the active center in some enzymes and calcium salts take a structural role in bones. The alkaline earth metals have the second lowest first ionisation energies in their respective periods. The ions of these elements perform important biological functions like maintenance of ion balance and nerve impulse conduction. The given questions (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option.
Assertion: Alkaline earth metals are reducing agents.
Reason: They have low ionisation enthalpies and high negative values of E°.
- a)A is true but R is false.
- b)A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The lighter alkaline earth metals are very important in animal and plant physiology. Magnesium functions as the active center in some enzymes and calcium salts take a structural role in bones. The alkaline earth metals have the second lowest first ionisation energies in their respective periods. The ions of these elements perform important biological functions like maintenance of ion balance and nerve impulse conduction. The given questions (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option.
Assertion: Alkaline earth metals are reducing agents.
Reason: They have low ionisation enthalpies and high negative values of E°.
a)
A is true but R is false.
b)
A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
|
Ameya Pillai answered |
(A) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.
(B) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.
(C) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
(D) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
(B) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.
(C) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
(D) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.Assertion (A): Combustion of all organic compounds is an exothermic reaction.Reason (R) : The enthalpies of all elements in their standard state are zero.- a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): Combustion of all organic compounds is an exothermic reaction.
Reason (R) : The enthalpies of all elements in their standard state are zero.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
|
Neha Joshi answered |
Reason (R) : Combustion reactions breaks the bonds of organic compound molecules, and the resulting water and carbon dioxide bonds always release more energy than was used to break them originally. That’s why burning organic compounds produces energy and is exothermic.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A) : In the dissociation of PCl5 at constant pressure and temperature, addition of helium at equilibrium increases the dissociation of PCl5.
Reason (R) : Helium removes Cl2 from the field of action.
- a)Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A.
- c)Both A and R are false.
- d)A is true but R is false.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A) : In the dissociation of PCl5 at constant pressure and temperature, addition of helium at equilibrium increases the dissociation of PCl5.
Reason (R) : Helium removes Cl2 from the field of action.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A.
c)
Both A and R are false.
d)
A is true but R is false.
|
|
Krishna Iyer answered |
Analyzing the assertion
It is false.
PCl5(g)⇌PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)
When an inert gas (He) is added to the system in equilibrium at constant pressure, then the total volume will increase. Hence, the number of moles per unit volume of various reactants and products will decrease.
Hence, the equilibrium will shift towards the direction in which there is increase in number of moles of gases. i.e. forward direction. So, it will facilitate or increase the dissociation of PCl5. and statement given in assertion is correct.
Analyzing the reason
Analyzing the reason
Helium removes Cl2 from the field of action.
It is false statement. Helium does not react withCl2, therefore it cannot remove Cl2 from the reaction mixture.
A is true, R is false
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.Assertion (A): A solution containing a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate maintains a constant value of pH on addition of small amounts of acid or alkali.Reason (R) : A solution containing a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate acts as a buffer solution around pH 4.75.- a)Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)Both A and R are false.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): A solution containing a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate maintains a constant value of pH on addition of small amounts of acid or alkali.
Reason (R) : A solution containing a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate acts as a buffer solution around pH 4.75.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
Both A and R are false.
|
|
Neha Joshi answered |
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
As, the solutions which resist change in pH on dilution or with the addition of small amounts of acid or alkali are called buffer solutions.
The variables Pressure, Volume, Concentration and Temperature may change the State of Equilibrium. The change is governed by the Le-Chatelier’s principle. The decomposition of NH3(g) can be made spontaneous by increasing the temperature and lowering pressure. In the reaction, removal of any product from the reaction mixture makes the reversible reaction irreversible and therefore, reaction proceeds to completion. Answer the given questions (i) to (iv).Q. Change in free energy for the equilibrium, gaseous reaction, PCl5 → PCl3 + Cl2 on addition of an inert gas at constant pressure and at constant volume is respectively:- a)decrease, no change
- b)increase, no change
- c)no change, no change
- d)no change, decrease
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The variables Pressure, Volume, Concentration and Temperature may change the State of Equilibrium. The change is governed by the Le-Chatelier’s principle. The decomposition of NH3(g) can be made spontaneous by increasing the temperature and lowering pressure. In the reaction, removal of any product from the reaction mixture makes the reversible reaction irreversible and therefore, reaction proceeds to completion. Answer the given questions (i) to (iv).
Q. Change in free energy for the equilibrium, gaseous reaction, PCl5 → PCl3 + Cl2 on addition of an inert gas at constant pressure and at constant volume is respectively:
a)
decrease, no change
b)
increase, no change
c)
no change, no change
d)
no change, decrease
|
Janhavi Rane answered |
Change in Free Energy for the Equilibrium Reaction
Constant Pressure:
- Addition of an inert gas at constant pressure will not change the free energy of the equilibrium reaction, PCl5 → PCl3 + Cl2.
- This is because the addition of an inert gas does not affect the partial pressures of the reactants and products, which are the factors that determine the free energy of the reaction.
Constant Volume:
- On the other hand, addition of an inert gas at constant volume will decrease the free energy of the equilibrium reaction, PCl5 → PCl3 + Cl2.
- This is because at constant volume, the addition of an inert gas will increase the total pressure in the system.
- According to Le Chatelier's principle, the equilibrium will shift in the direction that reduces the total number of gas molecules.
- In this case, the reaction will shift towards the side with fewer gas molecules (reactants), resulting in a decrease in free energy.
Therefore, the change in free energy for the equilibrium reaction, PCl5 → PCl3 + Cl2, on addition of an inert gas at constant pressure is no change, while at constant volume, it will decrease.
Constant Pressure:
- Addition of an inert gas at constant pressure will not change the free energy of the equilibrium reaction, PCl5 → PCl3 + Cl2.
- This is because the addition of an inert gas does not affect the partial pressures of the reactants and products, which are the factors that determine the free energy of the reaction.
Constant Volume:
- On the other hand, addition of an inert gas at constant volume will decrease the free energy of the equilibrium reaction, PCl5 → PCl3 + Cl2.
- This is because at constant volume, the addition of an inert gas will increase the total pressure in the system.
- According to Le Chatelier's principle, the equilibrium will shift in the direction that reduces the total number of gas molecules.
- In this case, the reaction will shift towards the side with fewer gas molecules (reactants), resulting in a decrease in free energy.
Therefore, the change in free energy for the equilibrium reaction, PCl5 → PCl3 + Cl2, on addition of an inert gas at constant pressure is no change, while at constant volume, it will decrease.
Lithium and Beryllium differ from other elements of their groups. The solubility of the ionic compounds depends upon lattice enthalpy and hydration energy. Smaller cations have greater hydration enthalpy. The salts of alkaline earth metals are extensively hydrated. Now, answer the given questions (i) to (iv):Q. The hydroxide which has maximum solubility in water?- a)Ba(OH)2
- b)Mg(OH)2
- c)Ca(OH)2
- d)Be(OH)2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Lithium and Beryllium differ from other elements of their groups. The solubility of the ionic compounds depends upon lattice enthalpy and hydration energy. Smaller cations have greater hydration enthalpy. The salts of alkaline earth metals are extensively hydrated. Now, answer the given questions (i) to (iv):
Q. The hydroxide which has maximum solubility in water?
a)
Ba(OH)2
b)
Mg(OH)2
c)
Ca(OH)2
d)
Be(OH)2
|
|
Raghav Bansal answered |
In Ba(OH)2, the size of the cation increases and the lattice energies decreases.
Lithium and Beryllium differ from other elements of their groups. The solubility of the ionic compounds depends upon lattice enthalpy and hydration energy. Smaller cations have greater hydration enthalpy. The salts of alkaline earth metals are extensively hydrated. Now, answer the given questions (i) to (iv):Q. The order of solubility of lithium halide in polar solvents is:- a)LiI > LiBr > LiCl > LiF
- b)LiF > LiCl > LiBr > LiI
- c)LiCl > LiBr > LiI > LiF
- d)None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Lithium and Beryllium differ from other elements of their groups. The solubility of the ionic compounds depends upon lattice enthalpy and hydration energy. Smaller cations have greater hydration enthalpy. The salts of alkaline earth metals are extensively hydrated. Now, answer the given questions (i) to (iv):
Q. The order of solubility of lithium halide in polar solvents is:
a)
LiI > LiBr > LiCl > LiF
b)
LiF > LiCl > LiBr > LiI
c)
LiCl > LiBr > LiI > LiF
d)
None of these
|
|
Neha Joshi answered |
In Lithium halides, Lithium Fluoride is least covalent whereas Lithium Iodide is most covalent. F– is small in size and can not be easily distorted while I– has larger size and can be easily distorted.
Entropy is a measure of degree of randomness. Entropy is directly proportional to temperature. Every system tries to acquire maximum state of randomness or disorder. Entropy is a measure of unavailable energy. Unavailable energy = Entropy × Temperature The ratio of Entropy of Vaporization and boiling point of a substance remains almost constant. Answer the given below questions (i) to (iv).Q. Which of the following has S = – ve?- a)Adsorption
- b)Dissolution of NH4Cl in water
- c)H2 → 2H
- d)2NaHCO3 (s) → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Entropy is a measure of degree of randomness. Entropy is directly proportional to temperature. Every system tries to acquire maximum state of randomness or disorder. Entropy is a measure of unavailable energy. Unavailable energy = Entropy × Temperature The ratio of Entropy of Vaporization and boiling point of a substance remains almost constant. Answer the given below questions (i) to (iv).
Q. Which of the following has S = – ve?
a)
Adsorption
b)
Dissolution of NH4Cl in water
c)
H2 → 2H
d)
2NaHCO3 (s) → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
|
|
Rashi Sharma answered |
Adsorption:
Adsorption is a process where molecules or particles adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid. In this process, entropy is usually negative because the molecules are becoming more ordered as they are attaching to the surface.
Dissolution of NH4Cl in water:
When NH4Cl dissolves in water, it undergoes a process where entropy increases. This is because the molecules of NH4Cl are becoming more dispersed in the solvent, leading to an increase in randomness.
H2 → 2H:
In the reaction H2 → 2H, the number of molecules increases from 1 to 2, leading to an increase in randomness and hence a positive entropy change.
2NaHCO3 (s) → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O:
In this reaction, solid NaHCO3 decomposes into three different products. The formation of multiple products increases the randomness in the system, resulting in a positive entropy change.
Therefore, the process of adsorption typically has a negative entropy change, as the molecules become more ordered on the surface.
Lithium and Beryllium differ from other elements of their groups. The solubility of the ionic compounds depends upon lattice enthalpy and hydration energy. Smaller cations have greater hydration enthalpy. The salts of alkaline earth metals are extensively hydrated. Now, answer the given questions (i) to (iv):Q. The incorrect trend in alkali metal is- a)Hydration energy – Li > Na > K > Rb
- b)Ionisation energy – Li > Na > K > Rb
- c)Density – Li < na="" />< k="" />< />
- d)Atomic size – Li < na="" />< k="" />< />
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Lithium and Beryllium differ from other elements of their groups. The solubility of the ionic compounds depends upon lattice enthalpy and hydration energy. Smaller cations have greater hydration enthalpy. The salts of alkaline earth metals are extensively hydrated. Now, answer the given questions (i) to (iv):
Q. The incorrect trend in alkali metal is
a)
Hydration energy – Li > Na > K > Rb
b)
Ionisation energy – Li > Na > K > Rb
c)
Density – Li < na="" />< k="" />< />
d)
Atomic size – Li < na="" />< k="" />< />
|
|
Raghav Bansal answered |
On moving downward in a group, density increases but the density of K is lesser than Na. The correct order is Li < k="" />< na="" />< rb.="" />
Entropy is a measure of degree of randomness. Entropy is directly proportional to temperature. Every system tries to acquire maximum state of randomness or disorder. Entropy is a measure of unavailable energy. Unavailable energy = Entropy × Temperature The ratio of Entropy of Vaporization and boiling point of a substance remains almost constant. Answer the given below questions (i) to (iv).Q. Which of the following has S = +ve?- a)H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl (g)
- b)Boiling of egg
- c)Crystallization of Sugar
- d)Formation of Complex Compound
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Entropy is a measure of degree of randomness. Entropy is directly proportional to temperature. Every system tries to acquire maximum state of randomness or disorder. Entropy is a measure of unavailable energy. Unavailable energy = Entropy × Temperature The ratio of Entropy of Vaporization and boiling point of a substance remains almost constant. Answer the given below questions (i) to (iv).
Q. Which of the following has S = +ve?
a)
H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl (g)
b)
Boiling of egg
c)
Crystallization of Sugar
d)
Formation of Complex Compound
|
|
Suresh Reddy answered |
Boiling of egg leads to denaturation of proteins which has random coil structure. Hence, ΔS = +ve.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.Assertion (A): The ionization of hydrogen sulphide in water is low in the presence of hydrochloric acid.Reason (R): Hydrogen sulphide is a weak acid.- a)Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false
- d)Both A and R are false
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): The ionization of hydrogen sulphide in water is low in the presence of hydrochloric acid.
Reason (R): Hydrogen sulphide is a weak acid.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false
d)
Both A and R are false
|
|
Neha Joshi answered |
Reason (R): The dissociation/ ionisation of hydrogen sulphide in water is low in the presence of HCl due to common ion effect. It can be defined as a shift in equilibrium on adding a substance that provides more of an ionic species already present in the dissociation equilibrium.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.Assertion (A) : Aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate is basic.Reason (R) : Acidic/basic nature of a salt solution of a salt of weak acid and weak base depends on Ka and Kb value of the acid and the base forming it.- a)Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)Both A and R are false.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A) : Aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate is basic.
Reason (R) : Acidic/basic nature of a salt solution of a salt of weak acid and weak base depends on Ka and Kb value of the acid and the base forming it.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
Both A and R are false.
|
Anushka Banerjee answered |
Aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate is basic.
Explanation:
Ammonium carbonate is an inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2CO3. When it is dissolved in water, it dissociates into ammonium ions (NH4+) and carbonate ions (CO32-).
The basic nature of an aqueous solution depends on the presence of hydroxide ions (OH-) or the ability to produce OH- ions. In this case, the carbonate ion (CO32-) can react with water to produce hydroxide ions, which makes the solution basic.
Acidic/basic nature of a salt solution of a salt of weak acid and weak base depends on Ka and Kb value of the acid and the base forming it.
The acidic or basic nature of a salt solution depends on the relative strength of the acid and base from which the salt is formed. If the acid is stronger than the base, the resulting salt solution will be acidic. If the base is stronger than the acid, the resulting salt solution will be basic. If the acid and base are of similar strength, the resulting salt solution will be neutral.
The Ka value represents the acid dissociation constant, which is a measure of the strength of an acid. A higher Ka value indicates a stronger acid.
The Kb value represents the base dissociation constant, which is a measure of the strength of a base. A higher Kb value indicates a stronger base.
In the case of ammonium carbonate, ammonium ion (NH4+) is a weak acid and carbonate ion (CO32-) is a weak base. The Ka value of ammonium ion is smaller than the Kb value of the carbonate ion. Therefore, the base (carbonate ion) is stronger than the acid (ammonium ion), and the resulting salt solution (ammonium carbonate) is basic.
Conclusion:
Both the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true. The Reason (R) correctly explains the Assertion (A). Therefore, the correct option is (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Ammonium carbonate is an inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2CO3. When it is dissolved in water, it dissociates into ammonium ions (NH4+) and carbonate ions (CO32-).
The basic nature of an aqueous solution depends on the presence of hydroxide ions (OH-) or the ability to produce OH- ions. In this case, the carbonate ion (CO32-) can react with water to produce hydroxide ions, which makes the solution basic.
Acidic/basic nature of a salt solution of a salt of weak acid and weak base depends on Ka and Kb value of the acid and the base forming it.
The acidic or basic nature of a salt solution depends on the relative strength of the acid and base from which the salt is formed. If the acid is stronger than the base, the resulting salt solution will be acidic. If the base is stronger than the acid, the resulting salt solution will be basic. If the acid and base are of similar strength, the resulting salt solution will be neutral.
The Ka value represents the acid dissociation constant, which is a measure of the strength of an acid. A higher Ka value indicates a stronger acid.
The Kb value represents the base dissociation constant, which is a measure of the strength of a base. A higher Kb value indicates a stronger base.
In the case of ammonium carbonate, ammonium ion (NH4+) is a weak acid and carbonate ion (CO32-) is a weak base. The Ka value of ammonium ion is smaller than the Kb value of the carbonate ion. Therefore, the base (carbonate ion) is stronger than the acid (ammonium ion), and the resulting salt solution (ammonium carbonate) is basic.
Conclusion:
Both the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true. The Reason (R) correctly explains the Assertion (A). Therefore, the correct option is (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.Assertion (A): Liquids tend to have maximum number of molecules at their surface.Reason (R): Small liquid drops have spherical shape.- a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): Liquids tend to have maximum number of molecules at their surface.
Reason (R): Small liquid drops have spherical shape.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
|
Niharika Nair answered |
Assertion (A) Analysis
- The assertion states that "Liquids tend to have maximum number of molecules at their surface."
- This statement is false. In liquids, molecules are closely packed, and the maximum concentration of molecules is found in the bulk of the liquid, not at the surface. Surface molecules experience different forces compared to those in the bulk, leading to a lower density at the surface.
Reason (R) Analysis
- The reason given is "Small liquid drops have spherical shape."
- This statement is true. Small liquid drops form a spherical shape due to surface tension, which minimizes the surface area for a given volume. This is a physical property of liquids that occurs regardless of the number of molecules at the surface.
Conclusion
- Since Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true, the correct answer is option 'D': "A is false but R is true."
- This means that while it is accurate that small drops are spherical due to surface tension, it is incorrect to claim that liquids have a maximum number of molecules at the surface.
Key Takeaways
- Surface molecules are fewer in number compared to those in the bulk of the liquid.
- The spherical shape of liquid drops is a consequence of surface tension, not necessarily related to the number of surface molecules.
- Understanding these concepts is crucial for grasping the behavior of liquids in physical chemistry.
- The assertion states that "Liquids tend to have maximum number of molecules at their surface."
- This statement is false. In liquids, molecules are closely packed, and the maximum concentration of molecules is found in the bulk of the liquid, not at the surface. Surface molecules experience different forces compared to those in the bulk, leading to a lower density at the surface.
Reason (R) Analysis
- The reason given is "Small liquid drops have spherical shape."
- This statement is true. Small liquid drops form a spherical shape due to surface tension, which minimizes the surface area for a given volume. This is a physical property of liquids that occurs regardless of the number of molecules at the surface.
Conclusion
- Since Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true, the correct answer is option 'D': "A is false but R is true."
- This means that while it is accurate that small drops are spherical due to surface tension, it is incorrect to claim that liquids have a maximum number of molecules at the surface.
Key Takeaways
- Surface molecules are fewer in number compared to those in the bulk of the liquid.
- The spherical shape of liquid drops is a consequence of surface tension, not necessarily related to the number of surface molecules.
- Understanding these concepts is crucial for grasping the behavior of liquids in physical chemistry.
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.Assertion (A) : Among isomeric pentanes, 2, 2-dimethylpentane has the highest boiling point.Reason (R) : Branching does not affect the boiling point.- a)Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)Both A and R are not correct.
- d)A is not correct but R is correct.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A) : Among isomeric pentanes, 2, 2-dimethylpentane has the highest boiling point.
Reason (R) : Branching does not affect the boiling point.
a)
Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
Both A and R are not correct.
d)
A is not correct but R is correct.
|
|
Pooja Shah answered |
Assertion (A): Among isomeric pentanes, 2, 2-dimethylpentane has lowest boiling point. Reason (R): Branching affects boiling point. More are the branches, lower the boiling point it possess.
Assertion: The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a closed or isolated system always increases. This means that all available energy is used up and there is no more potential for further useful work.Reason: The system becomes disordered and also degraded.- a)Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
- b)Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not correct explanation for Assertion
- c)Assertion is correct but reason is in correct
- d)Both Assertion and Reason is incorrect
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Assertion: The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a closed or isolated system always increases. This means that all available energy is used up and there is no more potential for further useful work.
Reason: The system becomes disordered and also degraded.
a)
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
b)
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not correct explanation for Assertion
c)
Assertion is correct but reason is in correct
d)
Both Assertion and Reason is incorrect
|
|
Pooja Shah answered |
- Degraded energy is energy that becomes unavailable which means it is no longer able to produce work.
- Degraded energy has a connection with the second law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a closed or isolated system always increases. This means that all available energy is used up and there is no more potential for further useful work. The system becomes disordered and also degraded. This is also called the Entropy Law.
The internal energy of a system may be changed either by allowing the exchange of heat with the surroundings or by doing work on the system. If the reaction is carried out at a constant volume, pressure-volume work done is zero. We know that qp = qv + ngRT. Internal energy is an extensive property and a state function. The questions from (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option:Assertion: Work and internal energy of a system are state functions.Reason: The sum of q + w is a state function.- a)A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The internal energy of a system may be changed either by allowing the exchange of heat with the surroundings or by doing work on the system. If the reaction is carried out at a constant volume, pressure-volume work done is zero. We know that qp = qv + ngRT. Internal energy is an extensive property and a state function. The questions from (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option:
Assertion: Work and internal energy of a system are state functions.
Reason: The sum of q + w is a state function.
a)
A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
|
Suresh Reddy answered |
W and q are not state functions they are path function, whereas ΔU = q + w is state function.
In the following questions more than one option of column I and II may be correlated. Match the elements given in Column I with the properties mentioned in Column II.
- a)(i) (c) (ii) (b) (iii) (d) (iv) (a), (e)
- b)(i) (a) (ii) (b) (iii) (d) (iv) (a), (e)
- c)(i) (b) (ii) (b) (iii) (d) (iv) (a), (e)
- d)(i) (d) (ii) (b) (iii) (d) (iv) (a), (e)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following questions more than one option of column I and II may be correlated. Match the elements given in Column I with the properties mentioned in Column II.
a)
(i) (c) (ii) (b) (iii) (d) (iv) (a), (e)
b)
(i) (a) (ii) (b) (iii) (d) (iv) (a), (e)
c)
(i) (b) (ii) (b) (iii) (d) (iv) (a), (e)
d)
(i) (d) (ii) (b) (iii) (d) (iv) (a), (e)
|
|
Pooja Shah answered |
(i) Li - Due to very high hydration enthalpy, E0 is most negative.
(ii) Na - Na gives NaOH (strong base). One mole of it replaces 1 mol H+ from acid therefore it is the strongest monoacidic base.
(iii) Ca - Hydration energy is very low therefore, calcium oxalate is insoluble.
(iv) Ba - Hydration energy is low as the size Ba2+ is large therefore barium sulphate is insoluble. 6s2 is valence shell electronic configuration.
In the following questions more than one option of column I and II may be correlated. Match the elements given in Column I with the properties mentioned in Column II.
Match the compounds given in Column I with their uses mentioned in Column II.
- a)(i) → (c) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
- b)(i) → (a) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
- c)(i) → (b) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
- d)(i) → (d) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following questions more than one option of column I and II may be correlated. Match the elements given in Column I with the properties mentioned in Column II.
Match the compounds given in Column I with their uses mentioned in Column II.
a)
(i) → (c) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
b)
(i) → (a) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
c)
(i) → (b) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
d)
(i) → (d) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
|
|
Suresh Reddy answered |
(i) CaCO3 - Specially precipitated CaCO3 is used in the manufacture of high quality paper.
(ii) Ca(OH)2 - It is used in white wash due to its disinfectant nature and sparingly soluble in water.
(iii) CaO - It is used in the manufacture of Na2CO3 from NaOH.
(iv) CaSO4 - It is used in dentistry and ornamental work.
In the following questions more than one option of column I and II may be correlated.
Match the elements given in Column I with the properties mentioned in Column II. Match the compounds given in Column I with their uses mentioned in Column II.
- a)A. →(6) B. →(4) C. →(3) E. →(5). F. →(1)
- b)A. →(4) B. →(2) C. →(3) E. →(6). F. →(1)
- c)A. →(5) B. →(3) C. →(2) E. →(1). F. →(6)
- d)A. →(3) B. →(5) C. →(4) E. →(6). F. →(1)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following questions more than one option of column I and II may be correlated.
Match the elements given in Column I with the properties mentioned in Column II. Match the compounds given in Column I with their uses mentioned in Column II.
Match the elements given in Column I with the properties mentioned in Column II. Match the compounds given in Column I with their uses mentioned in Column II.
a)
A. →(6) B. →(4) C. →(3) E. →(5). F. →(1)
b)
A. →(4) B. →(2) C. →(3) E. →(6). F. →(1)
c)
A. →(5) B. →(3) C. →(2) E. →(1). F. →(6)
d)
A. →(3) B. →(5) C. →(4) E. →(6). F. →(1)
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Correct option is A. A. →(6) B. →(4) C. →(3) E. →(5). F. →(1)
Elements with the characteristic flame colour are as follows
A. Cs-Blue B. Na-Yellow C. K-Violet
D. Ca-Brick red E. Sr-Crimson red F. Ba-Apple green
Flame colours are produced from the movement of the electron in the metal ions present in the compounds. These movement of electrons (electronic excitation-de-excitation) requires energy. Each atom has particular energy gap between ground and excited energy level therefore each of these movement involves a specific amount of energy emitted as light energy, and each corresponds to a particular colour. As we know energy gap between ground and excited state energy level increases wavelength of decreases and complemently coloure is observed as a result.
Elements with the characteristic flame colour are as follows
A. Cs-Blue B. Na-Yellow C. K-Violet
D. Ca-Brick red E. Sr-Crimson red F. Ba-Apple green
Flame colours are produced from the movement of the electron in the metal ions present in the compounds. These movement of electrons (electronic excitation-de-excitation) requires energy. Each atom has particular energy gap between ground and excited energy level therefore each of these movement involves a specific amount of energy emitted as light energy, and each corresponds to a particular colour. As we know energy gap between ground and excited state energy level increases wavelength of decreases and complemently coloure is observed as a result.
Match Column (I) and Column (II).
- a)(i) → (b) & (c) (ii) → (d ) (iii) → (a)
- b)(i) → (a) & (c) (ii) → (d ) (iii) → (a)
- c)(i) → (c) & (c) (ii) → (d ) (iii) → (a)
- d)(i) → (d) & (c) (ii) → (d ) (iii) → (a)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Match Column (I) and Column (II).
a)
(i) → (b) & (c) (ii) → (d ) (iii) → (a)
b)
(i) → (a) & (c) (ii) → (d ) (iii) → (a)
c)
(i) → (c) & (c) (ii) → (d ) (iii) → (a)
d)
(i) → (d) & (c) (ii) → (d ) (iii) → (a)
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Neha Joshi answered |
(i) When reaction is in equilibrium, ΔGo = 0. Hence, (i)-(c).
(ii) For spontaneous reaction, ΔG < 0(−ve),="" k="" /> 1. Hence (ii)-(d).
(iii) For non-spontaneous reaction, ΔG > 0(+ve), K < 1.="" hence="" (iii)="" -="" />
Match the following reactants in Column I with the corresponding reaction products in Column II.
- a)(i) → (d) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
- b)(i) → (a) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
- c)(i) → (b) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
- d)(i) → (c) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Match the following reactants in Column I with the corresponding reaction products in Column II.
a)
(i) → (d) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
b)
(i) → (a) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
c)
(i) → (b) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
d)
(i) → (c) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)
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Nandini Iyer answered |
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.Assertion (A) : The compound cyclooctane has the following structural formula :
It is cyclic and has a conjugated 8π-electron system but it is not an aromatic compound.Reason (R) : (4n + 2) π electrons rule does not hold good and the ring is not planar. - a)Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)Both A and R are not correct.
- d)A is not correct but R is correct.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A) : The compound cyclooctane has the following structural formula :
It is cyclic and has a conjugated 8π-electron system but it is not an aromatic compound.
Reason (R) : (4n + 2) π electrons rule does not hold good and the ring is not planar.
a)
Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
Both A and R are not correct.
d)
A is not correct but R is correct.
|
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Gaurav Kumar answered |
Aromaticity is shown by compounds possessing following characteristics:
- Planarity
- Complete delocalization of the π electrons in the ring.
- Presence of (4n+2)π electrons in the ring where n is an integer (4 = 0, 1, 2..)
This is often referred to as Huckel’s Rule.
According to Huckel's Rule, the given compound is Antiaromatic.
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.Assertion (A): At critical temperature, liquid passes into gaseous state imperceptibly and continuously.Reason (R): The density of liquid and gaseous phase is equal to critical temperature.- a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): At critical temperature, liquid passes into gaseous state imperceptibly and continuously.
Reason (R): The density of liquid and gaseous phase is equal to critical temperature.
a)
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
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Gaurav Kumar answered |
At critical temperature density of liquid becomes equal to its vapour phase. Due to which liquid changes into gaseous state imperceptibly and continuously.
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.Assertion (A) : Beryllium carbonate is kept in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide.Reason (R) : Beryllium carbonate is unstable and decomposes to give beryllium oxide and carbon dioxide.- a)Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)Both A and R are not correct.
- d)A is not correct but R is correct
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A) : Beryllium carbonate is kept in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide.
Reason (R) : Beryllium carbonate is unstable and decomposes to give beryllium oxide and carbon dioxide.
a)
Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
Both A and R are not correct.
d)
A is not correct but R is correct
|
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Pooja Shah answered |
Beryllium carbonate is kept in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide as it is unstable and decomposes to give beryllium oxide and carbon dioxide.
BeCO3 ⇌ BeO + CO2
When they are stored in the atmosphere of CO2, the concentration of CO2 increases in the right side, making the reaction to shift towards backside so that the decomposition of beryllium carbonate is prevented.
Amphoteric hydroxides react with both alkalies and acids. Which of the following Group 2 metal hydroxides is soluble in sodium hydroxide?- a)Be(OH)2
- b)Mg(OH)2
- c)Ca(OH)2
- d)Ba(OH)2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Amphoteric hydroxides react with both alkalies and acids. Which of the following Group 2 metal hydroxides is soluble in sodium hydroxide?
a)
Be(OH)2
b)
Mg(OH)2
c)
Ca(OH)2
d)
Ba(OH)2
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|
Naina Sharma answered |
On reaction with NaOH, Be(OH)2 forms beryllate ion, becoming soluble in it. Be(OH)2 + 2OH- → [Be(OH)4]2
In the following questions more than one option of column I and II may be correlated. Match the elements given in Column I with the properties mentioned in Column II.Match the elements given in Column I with the colour they impart to the flame given in Column II.
- a)(i) → (f), (ii) → (d), (iii) → (b), (iv) → (c) (v) → (e), (vi) → (a)
- b)(i) → (g), (ii) → (d), (iii) → (b), (iv) → (c) (v) → (e), (vi) → (a)
- c)(i) → (h), (ii) → (d), (iii) → (b), (iv) → (c) (v) → (e), (vi) → (a)
- d)(i) → (e), (ii) → (d), (iii) → (b), (iv) → (c) (v) → (e), (vi) → (a)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following questions more than one option of column I and II may be correlated. Match the elements given in Column I with the properties mentioned in Column II.
Match the elements given in Column I with the colour they impart to the flame given in Column II.
a)
(i) → (f), (ii) → (d), (iii) → (b), (iv) → (c) (v) → (e), (vi) → (a)
b)
(i) → (g), (ii) → (d), (iii) → (b), (iv) → (c) (v) → (e), (vi) → (a)
c)
(i) → (h), (ii) → (d), (iii) → (b), (iv) → (c) (v) → (e), (vi) → (a)
d)
(i) → (e), (ii) → (d), (iii) → (b), (iv) → (c) (v) → (e), (vi) → (a)
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Naina Sharma answered |
Here tow tables are provided. In column 1 number of metals are given and in column 2 their colour in flame test is given. Cs shows blue colour in flame test. Na shows yellow colour in flame test. K shows violet colour in flame test. Ca shows brick red colour in flame test. Sr shows crimson red colour in flame test. Ba shows apple green colour in flame test.
Greater the degree of dissociation (a) of an acid or base, greater is its acidic or basic strength. The relative strengths of weak acids or bases are compared in terms of √Ka or √Kb.Weak electrolytes are dissociated to less extent in water. Dissociation constants depend upon temperature.The questions given (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) reason (R). Choose the correct option.Assertion: The ionisation of Hydrogen Sulphide in water is low in the presence of Hydrochloric acid.Reason: Hydrogen Sulphide is a weak acid.- a)A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Greater the degree of dissociation (a) of an acid or base, greater is its acidic or basic strength. The relative strengths of weak acids or bases are compared in terms of √Ka or √Kb.
Weak electrolytes are dissociated to less extent in water. Dissociation constants depend upon temperature.
The questions given (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) reason (R). Choose the correct option.
Assertion: The ionisation of Hydrogen Sulphide in water is low in the presence of Hydrochloric acid.
Reason: Hydrogen Sulphide is a weak acid.
a)
A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
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Hansa Sharma answered |
H2S is a weak acid and a weak electrolyte. Its ionisation suppressed when small amount of strong electrolyte is added due to common in effect.
H2S ⇋ 2H++ S2-
HCl ⇋ H+ + Cl-
Match the hydrocarbons in Column I with the boiling points given in Column II.
- a)(i) → (b) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (a)
- b)(i) → (a) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (a)
- c)(i) → (c) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (a)
- d)(i) → (d) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (a)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Match the hydrocarbons in Column I with the boiling points given in Column II.
a)
(i) → (b) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (a)
b)
(i) → (a) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (a)
c)
(i) → (c) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (a)
d)
(i) → (d) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (a)
|
|
Suresh Reddy answered |
(i) n–Pentane: In n-pentane there is no branching and surface area. Hence , more Vander Waal's forces. Therefore , boiling point is high.
(ii) iso-Pentane: Molar mass is same but one branch is there which reduces its surface area. Hence the boiling point is less.
(iii) neo-Pentane: In this compound two sides chain are there having the same molar mass. Therefore , its boiling point is lowest amongst all three compounds.
The variables Pressure, Volume, Concentration and Temperature may change the State of Equilibrium. The change is governed by the Le-Chatelier’s principle. The decomposition of NH3(g) can be made spontaneous by increasing the temperature and lowering pressure. In the reaction, removal of any product from the reaction mixture makes the reversible reaction irreversible and therefore, reaction proceeds to completion. Answer the given questions (i) to (iv).Q. At 25°C, the equilibrium constant K1 and K2 are for the reactions:
Which of the following shows the relation between two equilibrium constants?- a)K1 = K2
- b)K2 = 1/(K12)
- c)K1 = 1/(K22)
- d)K1 = 1/K2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The variables Pressure, Volume, Concentration and Temperature may change the State of Equilibrium. The change is governed by the Le-Chatelier’s principle. The decomposition of NH3(g) can be made spontaneous by increasing the temperature and lowering pressure. In the reaction, removal of any product from the reaction mixture makes the reversible reaction irreversible and therefore, reaction proceeds to completion. Answer the given questions (i) to (iv).
Q. At 25°C, the equilibrium constant K1 and K2 are for the reactions:
Which of the following shows the relation between two equilibrium constants?
a)
K1 = K2
b)
K2 = 1/(K12)
c)
K1 = 1/(K22)
d)
K1 = 1/K2
|
|
Neha Sharma answered |
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.Assertion (A): At constant temperature, pV vs V plot for real gases is not a straight line.Reason (R): At high pressure, all gases have Z > 1 but at intermediate pressure most gases have Z < />- a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- c)A is true but R is false.
- d)A is false but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): At constant temperature, pV vs V plot for real gases is not a straight line.
Reason (R): At high pressure, all gases have Z > 1 but at intermediate pressure most gases have Z < />
a)
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b)
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c)
A is true but R is false.
d)
A is false but R is true.
|
|
Nandini Iyer answered |
At constant temperature pV vs V plot for real gases is not a straight line because intermolecular forces of attraction are present in real gases.
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