KVS PGT Physics Mock Test - 6 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

The word 'between' is used when two things or persons are being compared or depicted.
Example-I had to select between the two destinations for the vacation.
Thus, the statement should read as 'Kajal was sitting between Prachi and Isha at the party that night.'

क्ष व्यंजन 'संयुक्त व्यंजन' का उदाहरण है।

• क्ष = क् (स्वर रहित) + ष (स्वर सहित)
• क्ष से शब्द = क्षय, कक्षा, नक्षत्र, रक्षा आदि।
• दो या दो से अधिक असमान व्यंजनों के मिलने से बनने वाले व्यंजन को संयुक्त व्यंजन कहते हैं।

उदाहरण -

• त्र = त् + र
• ज्ञ = ज्+ ञ
• श्र = श् + र

Important Pointsवर्ण के दो भेद होते हैं।

1. स्वर वर्ण
2. व्यंजन वर्ण

अघोष व सघोष व्यंजन -

अघोष

• जिन वर्णों के उच्चारण में स्वर तंत्रियों में कंपन नहीं होता है और वर्णों का उच्‍चारण करते समय केवल श्‍वास का प्रयोग किया जाता है, उन्हें अघोष वर्ण कहते हैं।
• क-वर्ग, च-वर्ग, ट-वर्ग, त-वर्ग, प-वर्ग के प्रथम और द्वितीय वर्ण अघोष वर्ण होते हैं।
• अघोष ऊष्म वर्ण - श, ष, स

सघोष

• जिन वर्णों के उच्चारण में स्वर तंत्रियों में कंपन होता है उन्हें सघोष वर्ण कहते हैं।
• क-वर्ग, च-वर्ग, ट-वर्ग, त-वर्ग, प-वर्ग के तृतीय, चतुर्थ व पंचम वर्ण सघोष वर्ण होते हैं।
• सघोष अंतःस्थ वर्ण - य, र, ल, व
• सघोष ऊष्म वर्ण- ह

अल्‍पप्राण व महाप्राण व्यंजन -

अल्‍पप्राण

• जिन वर्णों के उच्चारण में श्वास या प्राण वायु की मात्रा अल्प(कम) होती है, उन्हें अल्पप्राण वर्ण कहते हैं।
• क-वर्ग, च-वर्ग, ट-वर्ग, त-वर्ग, प-वर्ग के प्रथम, तृतीय व पंचम वर्ण अल्पप्राण वर्ण होते हैं।
• अल्‍पप्राण अंतःस्थ वर्ण - य, र, ल, व

महाप्राण

• जिन वर्गों के उच्चारण में श्वास या प्राण वायु की मात्रा अधिक होती है, उन्हें महाप्राण वर्ण कहते हैं।
• क-वर्ग, च-वर्ग, ट-वर्ग, त-वर्ग, प-वर्ग के द्वितीय व चतुर्थ वर्ण महाप्राण वर्ण होते हैं।
• महाप्राण ऊष्म वर्ण- श, ष, स, ह

सही उत्तर द्ध = द् + ध है।

Key Points

• संयुक्ताक्षरों में उपयोग में लिए गए वर्णो के आधार पर सही जोड़ द्ध = द् + ध है।
• द् से निर्मित अन्य शब्द- द्भ (=द्‌भ), द्म (द्‌म), द्य (=द्‌य), द्र = द्‌र)
• संयुक्त व्यंजन - जो व्यंजन 2 या 2 से अधिक व्यंजनों के मिलने से बनते हैं उन्हें संयुक्त व्यंजन कहा जाता है।
• संयुक्त व्यंजन में जो पहला व्यंजन होता है, वो हमेशा स्वर रहित होता है।
• हिंदी वर्णमाला में 4 संयुक्त व्यंजन होते हैं।
  • क्ष - क् + ष = क्ष - अक्षय, क्षत्रिय, रक्षक
  • त्र - त् + र = त्र - मित्र, छात्र, त्रिशूल
  • ज्ञ - ज् + ञ = ज्ञ - ज्ञान, यज्ञ, अज्ञात
  • श्र - श् + र = श्र - श्रम, आश्रम, श्रवण

Additional Information

'ज्ञ' वर्ण के योग से बनता है - 'ज् + ञ'

• ज् + ञ = ज्ञ
  • यह एक संयुक्त व्यंजन है।
• संयुक्त व्यंजन में जो पहला व्यंजन होता है वो हमेशा स्वर रहित होता है और इसके विपरीत दूसरा व्यंजन हमेशा स्वर सहित होता है।
• जैसे -
  • ज् - स्वर रहित
  • ञ - स्वर सहित (ञ् + अ = ञ)

Key Points

• संयुक्त व्यंजन की हिंदी वर्णमाला में कुल संख्या 4 है-
  • क्ष - क् + ष = क्ष
  • त्र - त् + र = त्र
  • ज्ञ - ज् + ञ = ज्ञ
  • श्र - श् + र = श्र

Additional Informationसंयुक्त व्यंजन:-

• जो व्यंजन 2 या 2 से अधिक व्यंजनों के मिलने से बनते हैं उन्हें संयुक्त व्यंजन कहा जाता है।
• संयुक्त व्यंजन एक तरह से व्यंजन का ही एक प्रकार है।

The correct answer is Sulphur Cycle

Key Points

• The sulphur reservoir is in the soil and sediments where it is locked in organic (coal, oil and peat) and inorganic deposits (pyrite rock and sulphur rock) in the form of sulphates, sulphides and organic sulphur.
• It is released by weathering of rocks, erosional runoff and decomposition of organic matter and is carried to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in a salt solution.
• The sulphur cycle is mostly sedimentary except two of its compounds, hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂), which add a gaseous component.
• Sulphur enters the atmosphere from several sources like volcanic eruptions, combustion of fossil fuels (coal, diesel etc.), from the surface of the ocean and gases released by decomposition.
• Atmospheric sulphur dioxide is carried back to the earth after being dissolved in rainwater as weak sulphuric acid (acid rain).
• Sulphur bound in a living organism is carried back to the soil, to the bottom of ponds and lakes and seas through excretion and decomposition of dead organic material.

Image of Sulphur Cycle

Concept-

• Roots are the underground structures that help in the absorption of water and minerals, provide a proper anchorage to the plant parts, storage of reserve food material (Carrot, Radish), and synthesis of PGR (plant growth regulators).
• Sometimes roots get modified to perform different functions like Storage of food, respiration, climbing, etc.
• These types of roots are called modified roots.

Explanation-

• The Coralloid roots are the specialized roots found in cycas, these roots exhibit a symbiotic relationship between the cyanobacteria and cycas where the cyanobacteria fix the nitrogen and in return, the cycas provide a stable environment to live.
• Cycas, a genus of 105 species of palmlike tropical and subtropical ornamental cycads (family Cycadaceae), among them trees 12 meters (40 feet) or more in height. 
• Their leaves are dark green and circinate (uncoiling as fern leaves do), differing from those of other members of the family in having a midrib but no lateral veins. 
• The seeds are borne along the margins of modified leaves, which are arranged in a whorl at the top of the trunk, rather than in compact cones. 

Thereby coralloid roots are found in cycas.

Additional Information

• Lycopodiopsida
  • It is a class of herbaceous vascular plants known as lycopods, lycophytes.
  • Members of the class are called clubmosses, firmosses, and quillworts.
• Pine
  • A pine is any conifer in the genus Pinus of the family Pinaceae. Pinus is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae.
• Dryopteris
  • It is commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns, or buckler ferns is a fern genus in the family Dryopteridaceae.​

The correct answer is South-West Monsoon.

• Air moves from the high-pressure area over the southern Indian Ocean, in a south-easterly direction, crosses the equator and turns right towards the low-pressure areas over the Indian subcontinent. 
• These are known as the Southwest Monsoon winds responsible for widespread rainfall in mainland India.
• Due to the shift of ITCZ, the trade winds of the southern hemisphere cross the equator between 40° and 60°E longitudes and start blowing from southwest to northeast due to the Coriolis force. It becomes southwest monsoon.
• In winter, the ITCZ moves southward, and so the reversal of winds from northeast to south and southwest takes place. They are called northeast monsoons.
• The western cyclonic disturbances are weather phenomena of the winter months brought in by the westerly flow from the Mediterranean region.
• They usually influence the weather of the north and north-western regions of India. 
• The season of retreating monsoon (October and November) is a period of transition between the warm rainy monsoon and the dry cool winter.

The term social behavior refers to conduct that takes place between two or more creatures, usually of the same species. 

Key PointsThe teacher has a lot of power to encourage and advance a student's social development:-

• to provide kids the chance to enhance their leadership skills.
• help the student by letting him know the qualities that his classmates find admirable and commonly accepted.
• to encourage learning among community members and students.
• Instead of attempting to address the full list of social skills at once, it is crucial to concentrate on a select few, such as sharing and taking turns.

Hence, it is concluded that teachers are responsible for social behavior in their classrooms.

The curriculum is the pre-determined standards or instructions regarding what should be taught in educational settings, such as primary class, secondary class, college, etc. 

• Curriculum can be formal, hidden, or informal

Key Points

• Explicit and overt curricula are formal curriculums
• A formal curriculum includes formal written instructions for schools or colleges.
• Learning experiences provided by schools in formal educational settings are determined by formal curriculums
• Curriculum texts, documents, videos, films, etc. are examples of the formal curriculum
• Formal curricula are planned, organized, and implemented in regular schools. 
• A formal curriculum involves overt instructions explicitly written for teaching children. 

Thus, it can be concluded that explicit and overt are known as the formal curriculum. 

A punishment can never help in making an emotional connect with the children. So, this option is NOT TRUE for corporal punishment.

The term inclusive means including or involving. It means involving all the children with disabilities, different castes, creeds, religions, social, economic, or cultural backgrounds in one classroom. Inclusion celebrates the disability in a classroom. 

Key Points

• In inclusion, all the children are brought into the mainstream. 
• The education system will make suitable modifications to suit the needs of children of various diversities. 
• Students in an inclusive school or classroom should be provided with all the adaptations, and resources as per their needs of students. 
• The aim of inclusive education is to make students independent or self-reliant. 
• It is very important for social integration of the society which means bringing society together through inclusive education. 
• It involves children without segregation of children with disabilities, children who are socially, economically, culturally, and linguistically disadvantaged.

Hence, it can be concluded that providing equal opportunities to every student irrespective of their disability, caste, and creed. 

In any classroom it is not very likely that any two students learn the same thing; in the same way; at the same place. We must realize that in order to assist each pupil and to capitalize on his or her natural inclination to understand, we should be able not only to diagnose his or her style of learning but to accept it.

• Inclusive education approaches differences and "diversity" affirmatively, recognizing the value of such differences and the learning opportunities that such diversity offers.
• It provides opportunities to learn about and accept individual differences, lessening the impact of harassment and bullying.

Key Points

• provide opportunities for communication and expression.
• give importance to every student's perspective on information.
• not provide options for leveling and stereotyping the learners. 
• ensure the presentation of content according to students' needs and interests. 
• use various methods and strategies and modes of assessment to meet the demand of every individual.
• give priority to every child and never ignore students' on the basis of their background or physical appearance. 

Hint

• "Stereotype" means a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
• Stereotypes are characteristics imposed upon groups of people because of their race, nationality, and sexual orientation.
• These characteristics tend to be oversimplifications of the groups involved and, even if they seem "positive," stereotypes are harmful.
• Classrooms need to reflect every child and every family in the class. The teacher should not make assumptions about what a child’s ethnic background is.

Hence, we can conclude that in a class having learners with diverse needs, a teacher should NOT provide options for stereotyping the learners.

The Cognitive Development Theory is given by Jean Piaget who is the father of Child Psychology.

Key Points

There are some critiques of Piaget's Theory:

• Several psychologists have attempted to show that Piaget also underestimates the intellectual capabilities of the pre-operational stage. For example, the children-specific experience can influence when they are able to conserve. Crane (2005) indicated that pre-operational children can think rationally about mathematics and scientific task and they are not as egocentric as Piaget implied.
• In this theory, cognitive Development has a specific and definite sequence which is also part of the critique.
• In this theory, no other aspects of development are explained.
• This theory is only based on biological maturity. 

​Hence, Piaget underestimating the capacities of children in the pre-operational stage is a critique of Piaget's theory.

The teacher must provide ask a few more questions on the same topic, so that the student arrives at the exact correct answer. The student thus would be left with a lasting impression and hence will not forget it for long time.

Kothari Commission (1964-66) was set up under the Chairmanship of Dr. D. S. Kothari to formulate a coherent education policy for India. The Commission was most comprehensive in nature, it reviewed almost all aspects of the education system without limiting itself to any one particular aspect.Key PointsKothari Commission recommended Three-Language Formula in education:

• The First Language: It has to be studied must be the mother tongue or the regional language.
• The Second Language: In Hindi-speaking States, the second language will be English or some other modern Indian language. In non-Hindi-speaking States, the second language will be Hindi or English.
• The Third Language: The third language is taught at a later stage in school, and that too for a shorter time, as it is needed only in limited context i.e. in a social situation where neither first nor second language could help the child to communicate.

Hence, it could be concluded that Kothari Commission suggested three language formula in Education.

Bhore Committee (Health Survey and Development Committee): The Govt. of India, in 1943 appointed the Bhore Committee with the Chairmanship of Sr. Joseph Bhore, to survey the existing health conditions and recommendations for future development in the country. The committee members met regularly for two years and submitted their reports in 1946.

Key Points

Some of the important recommendations of the Bhore Committee were:

• Integration of preventive and curative services at all administrative levels.
• The committee visualized the development of primary health centers in two stages:
  • As a shorter-term measure, it was proposed that each primary health center in the rural areas should cater to a population of 40, 000 with a secondary health center to serve as a supervisory, coordinating, and referral institution.
  • A long-term program of setting up primary health units with 75 bedded hospitals for each 10,000 to 20,000 population and secondary units with 650 bedded, hospitals, again regionalized around district hospitals with 2500 beds.
• Major changes in medical education include 3 months of training in preventive and social medicine to prepare "social physicians".
• The Committee's report even today continues to be a major national document and has provided guidelines for National Health Planning.  

Hence, we conclude that the Bhore committee 1943 was set up to assess the health condition of India.

Additional Information

• Mudaliar committee was appointed to survey the progress made in the field of health since the submission of the Bhore Committee's report and to make recommendations for future development and expansion of health services. 
• Yashpal committee: The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) established the Yashpal Committee, a higher education committee, in 2009. The chairman of the committee was Dr. Yash Pal, and it was created for assessing improvements to be brought about in higher education in India.
• Kothari Commission: The Government of India established the Kothari Commission as an ad hoc commission to investigate all facets of the Indian educational system, create a general framework for education, and make recommendations for regulations and programs to further education in India.

FLN refers to Foundational Literacy and Numeracy launched under the National Education Policy 2020. The “Foundational Literacy and Numeracy is a Pre-requisite to Learning and ECCE”.

Key Points

• The NEP had recommended a 3-month play-based School Preparatory Module (SPM) developed by NCERT.
• The teachers need to focus on reading first and foremost.
• It recommended the pupil-teacher ratio for the primary level as 30:1 for more focus on each child.
• The three developmental goals of FLN are for children to maintain good health and well-being; children become effective communicators and children become involved learners and connect with their immediate environment.
• FLN Framework in NIPUN Bharat Guidelines stated that the holistic development of children encompasses: good health and well-being, effective communication, and connecting with the immediate environment.

Hence we conclude that the pupil-teacher ratio for the primary level is 30:1.

Development is the change brought up by the process of learning and maturation. It is the product of both heredity and the environment of an individual.

• It includes all the qualitative changes in an individual over a period of time by the process of learning and maturation.
• It refers to the overall changes in an individual in various dimensions- physical, mental, social, emotional, and so on.

​Key Points

• Development occurs through two main processes: learning and maturation.
• Maturation refers to the unfolding or gradual opening-up of traits or potentials present in an individual because of genetic inheritance.
  • It is the net result of what one possesses genetically.
• Learning takes place as a result of a child’s interaction with the environment which then brings about a change in his behavior.
• For example, when a baby begins to teeth or starts walking it is because of maturation. But, when a child acquires the skill of performing a specific dance or singing a particular song, it is an act of learning. 
• Both maturation and learning occur side by side, each one influencing the other.
• Learning often promotes the process of maturation. The process of learning and maturation are said to be complementary.
  • For example, the development of cognitive abilities in a person is dependent on the experience and opportunities provided by the environment as well as maturation.

So, it is concluded that development is the result of the interaction between maturation and learning.

Additional Information

The angle of incidence = 90^∘ - 47.5^∘ = 42.5^∘
Now by snells’ laws we get 
sin r = sin 42.5^∘ / 1.66^∘
Thus we get r = 24.01^∘
Thus the angle with surface = 90^∘ -24.01^∘ = 65.99^∘

Angular frequency of the ac signal w=2πν
∴ w=2π(50)=100π
Capacitive reactance X_c​=1/wC​
∴ X_c​=1/(100π×786×10⁻⁶)​=4Ω
Inductive reactance X_L​=w_L
∴ X_L​=100π×(25.48×10−3)=8Ω
Impedance of the circuit Z=√[R²+(X_L​−X_c​)²​]
∴ Z=√[3²+(8−4)²​]=5Ω
 Phase difference ϕ=tan⁻¹[(XL​−Xc​​)R]
Or ϕ=tan⁻¹((8−4​)/3)=tan⁻¹(4/3​)
⟹ ϕ=53.13o
Power factor cosϕ=cos53.13o=0.6
Power dissipated in the circuit
P=I_v²R
Now, Iv=I₀/√2=E₀/√2Z=283/(1.414×5)=40A
∴P=I_v²R=(40)²×3=4800 watt

FBD of container: 

Here F=f
U=-f(-because it is present in front of a convex lens)
It is given that both focal length and object distance is f .
So according to lens formula 1/F=1/v+1/u
So 1/f=(1/v)+(-1/f)
=>1/f=(1/v)-(1/f)
So (1/f)+(1/f)=1/f
=>1+(1/f)=(1/v)
=>2/f=1/v
So from here we can say that v= f/2
Hence option B is correct.
 

Moment of inertia:

• Moment of inertia of a rigid body about a fixed axis is defined as the sum of the product of the masses of the particles constituting the body and the square of their respective distances from the axis of the rotation.
• The moment of inertia of a particle  is

⇒ I = mr²

Where r = the perpendicular distance of the particle from the rotational axis.

• Moment of inertia of a body made up of a number of particles (discrete distribution)

⇒ I = m₁r₁² + m₂r₂² + m₃r₃² + m₄r₄² + -------

EXPLANATION:

Given: mass of the particle = m, distance from x-axis = b.

The moment of inertia for the particle of mass m from an axis at a distance b is,

⇒ I = mb²

Therefore option 3 is correct.

Voltage across the electrodes of a cathode ray gun, V=500V
Charge of the electron=1.6x10^-19
Energy=eV
E= 1.6x10^-19 x 500
E=800 x 10^-19 J
E=8 x 10^-17 J

The speed of any electromagnetic waves in free space is the speed of light c = 3x10⁸ m/s. Electromagnetic waves can have any wavelength λ or frequency f as long as λf = c.

Copper is a metal whereas Germanium is Semi-conductor.
NOTE : Resistance of metal decreases and semiconductor increases with decrease in temperature.

Wall that permits *heat" to flow through them,such as engine block is called diathermic wall.
wall Perfectly insulating ball that doesn't allow the flow heat to them are called adiabatic walls.

= 4t-3
At t = 0.25s
e= 2V

According to kinetic theory of gases, 0K is that temperature at which for an ideal gas the internal energy is zero because at 0K nearly all molecular motion stops.