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Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Free MCQ with solutions for UPSC


MCQ Practice Test & Solutions: Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 (30 Questions)

You can prepare effectively for UPSC History for UPSC CSE with this dedicated MCQ Practice Test (available with solutions) on the important topic of "Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1". These 30 questions have been designed by the experts with the latest curriculum of UPSC 2026, to help you master the concept.

Test Highlights:

  • - Format: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
  • - Duration: 36 minutes
  • - Number of Questions: 30

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Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 1
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Which of the following individuals were associated with the Ghadar Party?

  1. Sohan Singh Bhakna
  2. Bhai Paramanand
  3. Vishnu Ganesh Pingle
  4. Tarak Nath Das

Select the correct answer using the code provided below.

Detailed Solution: Question 1

1, 2, 3 and 4.

The Ghadar Party was formed by Indian expatriates in North America in 1913 to mobilize emigrant Indians for revolutionary action against British rule; it published the Ghadar newspaper from San Francisco and organised propaganda and recruitment among Punjabi workers.

Sohan Singh Bhakna - elected founding president and a leading organiser of the movement.

Bhai Parmanand - a prominent member and organiser involved in the party's propaganda and activities.

Vishnu Ganesh Pingle - an active Ghadar revolutionary who worked with the party's networks and missions.

Taraknath Das - an Indian revolutionary and activist in North America associated with the Ghadar movement and its efforts to promote armed struggle against colonial rule.

Hence, all four individuals were associated with the Ghadar Party.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 2
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Consider the following items:

  1. Dominion status
  2. Responsible government at centre
  3. Joint electorates
  4. Linguistic provinces

How many of these items were the recommendations of the Nehru Report?

Detailed Solution: Question 2

All four - the Nehru Report (drafted by the Motilal Nehru Committee in 1928) endorsed each of these proposals.

Dominion status: the Report asked that India be granted dominion status within the British Commonwealth rather than immediate complete independence; its constitutional scheme originally covered British India while proposing a voluntary federal link-up with princely states.

Responsible government at centre: the Report proposed a parliamentary system in which the executive would be responsible to the elected legislature at the centre (and similarly in the provinces).

Joint electorates: the Report rejected separate electorates and instead recommended joint electorates with provisions for reserved seats to protect minority representation.

Linguistic provinces: the Report supported the reorganization of provinces on linguistic lines so as to better reflect regional identities.

In addition, the Report also recommended measures such as a list of fundamental rights and proposals on franchise (including moves toward broader suffrage), but the four items above were explicitly part of its constitutional recommendations.

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Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 3
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Consider the following two statements: Statement -I asserts that the failure of the Second Round Table Conference in 1931 marked a renewal of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Statement-II contends that the British refused to concede full independence and instead focused on issues of communal representation. Which of the following is correct regarding these statements?

Detailed Solution: Question 3

Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.

After the Gandhi-Irwin Pact Gandhi went to London and represented the Congress as the sole Congress delegate at the Second Round Table Conference (1931). There were high expectations that major constitutional concessions, including discussion of full independence (Purna Swaraj), might be entertained.

The British delegation, led politically by Ramsay MacDonald and other ministers, were unwilling to accept full independence and instead foregrounded questions of minority safeguards and communal representation-including proposals for separate electorates. This shift of focus blocked agreement between Congress and the British government.

The conference's failure and the British emphasis on communal safeguards rather than self-rule disillusioned Gandhi and the Congress leadership; as a result Gandhi returned to India and the Civil Disobedience Movement was revived in January 1932. Thus the British refusal to concede full independence and their focus on communal representation directly explain the renewal of the movement.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 4
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Examine the following statements:

  1. Statement I: Jawaharlal Nehru was nominated to serve as president of the Lahore session of the Congress in 1929.
  2. Statement II: There was a recognition of the upsurge of youth that had made the anti-Simon campaign a huge success.
  3. Statement III: Nehru emerged as the most popular leader among the Provincial Congress Committees.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the above statements?

Detailed Solution: Question 4

Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I

Statement II is correct. The nationwide boycott of the Simon Commission (1928) and related protests had mobilised a large number of young activists and energised a new generation of leaders. The Congress leadership recognised this upsurge of youth, which had played a major role in making the anti-Simon campaign effective.

Statement III is incorrect. Although Jawaharlal Nehru had become a prominent and influential young leader by the late 1920s, he was not unanimously the most popular choice among all the Provincial Congress Committees; several provincial bodies were not fully supportive of his candidature.

Because the party wished to acknowledge and project the new youth leadership, Nehru was chosen to preside over the Lahore session (December 1929)-the session that adopted the demand for Purna Swaraj. Thus the correctness of Statement II explains why Nehru was nominated, while Statement III does not.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 5
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Women played an active role in the Indian freedom struggle, particularly from the beginning of the 20th century. In this context, which of the following individuals ran the famous secret Congress Radio during the Quit India movement?

Detailed Solution: Question 5

Usha Mehta - She organised and operated the secret Congress Radio (also called Azad Radio) during the Quit India Movement in 1942.

The station began broadcasting on 14 August 1942 from an underground location in Bombay (Mumbai). It transmitted news, speeches and instructions to activists, thereby bypassing British censorship and maintaining communication among movement supporters.

Broadcasts were in both Hindi and English and carried updates, messages from Congress leaders and calls for civil disobedience. The British security forces eventually traced the transmitter; the operators, including Usha Mehta, were arrested later in 1942 and imprisoned.

The secret radio is remembered as a significant example of clandestine communication used to sustain mass mobilisation during the independence struggle, and Usha Mehta is celebrated for her pioneering role in running it.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 6
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The Poona Pact of 1932 concerned which of the following?

Detailed Solution: Question 6

settlement of differences arising out of the Communal Award: The Poona Pact (1932) resolved the controversy created by the British government's Communal Award (August 1932), which had provided separate electorates for the Depressed Classes.

Mahatma Gandhi opposed separate electorates and began a fast unto death while detained in Yeravda Jail. B. R. Ambedkar, who had initially accepted the Award as protective of depressed-class interests, negotiated with Gandhi and other leaders; the negotiations, concluded in September 1932, replaced separate electorates with a system of reserved seats within the joint electorate.

In short, the Poona Pact was a settlement to resolve the dispute arising from the Communal Award, securing representation for depressed classes through reserved seats rather than separate electorates.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 7
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Among the following organizations, which sought to organize an armed uprising to overthrow colonial rule and establish in its place a Federal Republic of the United States of India?

Detailed Solution: Question 7

Hindustan Republican Association

The organization was founded at a meeting in Kanpur in October 1924 by revolutionaries including Ram Prasad Bismil, Sachindra Nath Sanyal and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee.

Its declared objective was to organize an armed revolution to overthrow British colonial rule and to establish a federal republican state called the United States of India, with the principle of adult franchise as the basis of the new polity.

The group emerged after the collapse of the Non-Cooperation Movement (1922), at a time when earlier revolutionary activity had been severely suppressed during and after World War I, leaving many young activists disillusioned with purely constitutional methods and attracted to armed struggle.

In the late 1920s the organization underwent reorganization and radicalization, later becoming known as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), which continued the program of revolutionary direct action.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 8
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Which Indian nationalist leader, described by the British journalist Valentine Chirol as the "Father of Indian Unrest," travelled to England to sue the journalist?

Detailed Solution: Question 8

Bal Gangadhar Tilak - a prominent Indian nationalist leader, teacher and social reformer, widely honoured with the title Lokmanya and counted among the trio Lal-Bal-Pal.

The British journalist Valentine Chirol described him as the "Father of Indian Unrest", and Tilak travelled to England to pursue a libel action against Chirol over that portrayal.

The legal case in the British courts was ultimately unsuccessful, but Tilak's trip and the suit attracted considerable international attention to India's political grievances and boosted his stature within the nationalist movement.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 9
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Vande Mataram has recently marked its 150th anniversary, and a year-long nationwide commemorative program has been launched. In this context, consider the following statements:

  1. The song was originally composed in Sanskrit.
  2. It was adopted as India's national song in 1950.

Which of the statements above are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 9

B: 2 only

Statement 1 is incorrect. The composition was authored by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in a form of Sanskritized Bengali (a Bengali poem with strong Sanskrit vocabulary), and it first appeared in his novel Anandamath; it is not a work originally written in classical Sanskrit.

Statement 2 is correct. The Constituent Assembly formally recognized the first two stanzas as the country's National Song on 24 January 1950 (the same day Jana Gana Mana was adopted as the National Anthem).

Therefore, only Statement 2 is correct.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 10
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Referring to the cripps mission, evaluate the following statements:

  1. It promised complete independence to India after the end of the Second World War.
  2. It gave provinces the right to secede from the Indian Union after independence.

Which of the statements above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 10

2 only

Sir Stafford Cripps led a mission in March 1942 to secure Indian cooperation for Britain's war effort; it offered India Dominion status after the war and proposed that a Constituent Assembly elected after the war would frame the future constitution.

The proposal did not promise complete, immediate independence; it promised a promise of Dominion status (self-governing within the British Commonwealth) after the war rather than full sovereign independence at once, so the first statement is incorrect.

The scheme included an explicit provincial opt-out clause: provinces were given the freedom not to join the new union and to make separate arrangements, and princely states unwilling to join could remain under existing relations with the Crown. This provision effectively allowed provinces the right to secede, so the second statement is correct.

The plan was rejected by major Indian political leaders (Gandhi described it as a "post-dated cheque on a failing bank"), and the mission failed to win Indian support.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 11
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In relation to the Wavell Plan of 1945, evaluate the following statements:

  1. All members of the Executive Council, including the Governor-General, were to be Indians.
  2. Caste Hindus and Muslims were to have equal representation in the Executive Council.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 11

2 only

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Wavell Plan (1945) proposed that, except for the Governor-General and the Commander-in-Chief, all members of the Executive Council should be Indians - the Governor-General himself was not to be an Indian under this arrangement.

Statement 2 is correct. The plan called for equal representation (parity) between Hindus and Muslims among the Indian members of the Executive Council, i.e., communal balance between the two communities in council composition.

Therefore, only the second statement is correct.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 12
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With reference to Indian history, evaluate the following statements about the communist movement in India:

  1. M.N. Roy became the first Indian to be elected to the leadership of the Communist International.
  2. The Indian Communist Conference at Kanpur formalised the foundation of the CPI.

Which of the statements above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 12

C: Both 1 and 2

M.N. Roy did become the first Indian elected to the leadership of the Communist International. He attended the Second Congress of the Communist International in 1920 (Moscow) and was chosen to the Executive Committee of the Communist International (ECCI), making him the first Indian to hold a leadership position in the Comintern.

The formal, organised establishment of the Communist Party of India (CPI) took place at a conference in Kanpur in 1925. Earlier efforts (including a small group in Tashkent, 1920) involved Indian revolutionaries and communists abroad, but the Kanpur conference of 1925 is recognised as the occasion that consolidated the communist movement into a party structure on Indian soil, with leaders such as S.A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed and Shaukat Usmani playing key roles.

Hence, both statements are correct.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 13
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Regarding the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931), evaluate these statements:

  1. The Indian National Congress agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement.
  2. The British government fully abolished the salt tax.

Which of the statements above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 13

A: 1 only

Statement 1 is correct. Under the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March 1931) the Indian National Congress agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement and to participate in constitutional negotiations; in return the British agreed to release many political prisoners (except those convicted of violence), withdraw certain ordinances and prosecutions, and restore confiscated properties.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The British government did not abolish the salt tax or repeal the salt laws; the colonial monopoly on salt manufacture and sale remained in effect. The pact did not resolve the salt tax issue, although Gandhi agreed to attend the Second Round Table Conference in London as part of the agreement.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 14
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Consider the following statements about the Simon Commission:

  1. It advocated ending dyarchy and introducing representative government in the provinces.
  2. Protests against the arrival of the Simon Commission occurred concurrently with the Rowlatt Satyagraha.

Which of the statements above are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 14

1 only

The Simon Commission (Indian Statutory Commission) toured India in 1928-29 and its report (published in 1930) recommended the abolition of dyarchy in the provinces and the introduction of responsible, representative provincial government - provincial ministers to be made responsible to elected legislatures, although governors were to retain certain discretionary powers. These provincial recommendations fed into provisions of the Government of India Act, 1935.

The second statement is incorrect: major protests against the Commission occurred when it arrived in 1928 (notably the "Simon Go Back" movement), while the Rowlatt Satyagraha took place in 1919; the two events were about a decade apart.

Therefore, only the first statement is correct.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 15
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In relation to the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946), examine the following statements:

  1. It accepted the demand for the creation of a full-fledged Pakistan.
  2. Provinces were to have full autonomy and control over residual powers.
  3. It provided that the Princely States would no longer remain under the paramountcy of the British Government.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 15

2 and 3 only

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Cabinet Mission Plan did not accept the demand for a separate, sovereign full-fledged Pakistan. Instead it envisaged a united India with a weak Centre entrusted only with a few subjects and with large autonomy for provinces; the plan allowed Muslim-majority provinces to form separate groups with wide internal autonomy but did not provide for an independent Pakistan outside a federal framework.

Statement 2 is correct. The plan placed maximum authority in the hands of the provinces: they were to have full provincial autonomy and retain the residual powers (powers not specifically assigned to the Centre), while the Centre was to deal only with a small number of subjects.

Statement 3 is correct. The plan provided that the princely states would no longer remain under British paramountcy and would be free to determine their future - namely, to accede to either part of the new arrangement or to remain independent. (The formal legal end of paramountcy was effected later by the Indian Independence Act, 1947.)

Key features to recall: the Centre was to handle only three subjects - defence, foreign affairs and communications - while provinces/groups enjoyed extensive autonomy; the proposal therefore rejected a separate sovereign Pakistan but allowed provincial grouping and princely states' freedom of accession.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 16
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Consider the following statements about the Khudai Khidmatgars:

  1. They worked under the leadership of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.
  2. They actively supported the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Gandhi.
  3. They were primarily based in the North-West Frontier Province.

Which of the statements above are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 16

1 and 3 only

Statement 1 is correct. The movement known as the Khudai Khidmatgar (the "Red Shirts") was founded and led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, widely called the "Frontier Gandhi."

Statement 2 is incorrect. The Non-Cooperation Movement took place in 1920-22, whereas the Khudai Khidmatgar was formally organized in 1929. Although Khan and his followers embraced Gandhian non-violence, the Khudai Khidmatgar as an organization did not actively participate in the 1920-22 non-cooperation campaign.

Statement 3 is correct. The movement was primarily based in the North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) and mainly mobilized the Pashtun population there; it later took part in subsequent anti-colonial actions such as the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement, following Gandhian non-violent principles.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 17
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Evaluate the following statements:

  1. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee served as the first President of the Indian National Congress.
  2. Mahatma Gandhi has presided over only one session of the Indian National Congress.
  3. Mahadev Govind Ranade has never presided over any session of the Indian National Congress.

Which of the statements above are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 17

1, 2 and 3

All three statements are correct. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee was elected the first President of the Indian National Congress at its inaugural session in 1885 held in Bombay.

Mahatma Gandhi presided over the Congress on only one occasion - the 39th session at Belgaum in December 1924 - a session noted for its emphasis on national unity.

Mahadev Govind Ranade, though a founding member and prominent social reformer, never served as President of any Congress session.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 18
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Identify the sequence of these historical milestones in chronological order, starting with the earliest event:

  • 1. Launch of the Home Rule League by Annie Besant
  • 2. Establishment of the Aligarh Scientific Society
  • 3. Formation of the Indian National Congress
  • 4. Publication of Hind Swaraj by Mahatma Gandhi

Detailed Solution: Question 18

2-3-4-1

The Scientific Society was established by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in 1864 to promote modern education and translate Western works into Urdu; it later became closely associated with Aligarh.

The Indian National Congress was formed on 28 December 1885 in Bombay, initiated by A.O. Hume as a forum for Indian public opinion and political organization.

Hind Swaraj was written by Mahatma Gandhi in 1909 (in Gujarati, during a sea voyage) and set out his ideas on self-rule and nonviolent resistance.

The Home Rule League was launched by Annie Besant in 1916 (Madras), campaigning for self-government within the British Empire.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 19
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Consider the following pairs of notable figures and their associated publications. Which of the pairs listed below are correctly matched?

  1. Annie Besant - New India
  2. Subhash Chandra Bose - The Indian Struggle
  3. Jawaharlal Nehru - National Herald

Detailed Solution: Question 19

C: 1, 2 and 3

Statement 1 is correct. Annie Besant launched the English newspaper New India (around 1914) to promote the Home Rule cause and to spread reformist and nationalist views; she had earlier been associated with the journal Commonweal and the theosophical movement.

Statement 2 is correct. Subhas Chandra Bose authored the book titled The Indian Struggle (1920-1942), which collects his writings and analyses of the national movement and his vision for India's freedom struggle.

Statement 3 is correct. Jawaharlal Nehru was instrumental in founding the English newspaper National Herald in 1938 (published by Associated Journals Ltd.) as a voice of the nationalist movement against British rule.

All three associations are thus historically accurate.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 20
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With reference to the Civil Disobedience Movement, evaluate these region-leader pairings:

  1. Bihar : Ambika Kant Sinha
  2. Assam : Chandraprabha Saikiani
  3. Odisha : Gopalbandhu Choudhuri

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Detailed Solution: Question 20

All three

The three region-leader pairings are correct: each named individual played a notable role in their province during the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34).

Ambika Kant Sinha worked as a local organiser in Bihar, helping to mobilise volunteers for the Salt Satyagraha, coordinating local protests such as picketing and non-payment of taxes, and facing repression from colonial authorities.

Chandraprabha Saikiani was an active Assamese social reformer and Gandhian who mobilised women for the movement in Assam, participated in demonstrations, and courted imprisonment for her political activities.

Gopabandhu Choudhury (also spelled Choudhuri) was a key organiser in Odisha who helped organise volunteers and mass protests associated with the Civil Disobedience Movement, including local salt and tax resistances, and was imprisoned for his role.

Hence, all three named region-leader pairings are correctly matched.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 21
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Review the following statements about the Praja Mandal movement:

  1. It aimed at demanding responsible government and civil liberties in princely states.
  2. It was primarily directed against British provincial administrations rather than native princely rulers.
  3. The Congress did not support the Praja Mandal movement.

Detailed Solution: Question 21

Praja Mandal Movements directed against feudalism and colonialism, resisting autocratic feudal princes and overarching British control. Central demand: extending democratic rights, ensuring governance participation, freedom from oppressive rule. Congress maintained 1920s non-interference policy but shifted late 1930s supporting democratic struggles. Haripura Session 1938 marked policy change. Congress Gandhian methods, All India States People's Conference, Tripuri declaration integrated state struggles into larger national movement.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 22
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List-IList-II
Chittagong Armoury RaidRash Behari Bose
Ghadar MovementLala Hardayal
Alipore Conspiracy CaseAurobindo Ghosh
Kakori Conspiracy CaseV. D. Savarkar

How many of the listed pairs above are correctly matched?

Detailed Solution: Question 22

Chittagong Armoury Raid (1930) was planned and led by Master da Surya Sen; Rash Behari Bose had no direct role. Ghadar Movement (c.1913) was formed by expatriate Indians with Lala Hardayal as principal ideologue. Alipore Conspiracy Case (1908) involved Aurobindo's network. Kakori train robbery (1925) was led by Ram Prasad Bismil, not V.D. Savarkar.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 23
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Consider the following freedom fighters: 1. Lala Hardayal 2. Satish Chandra Bose 3. Pramathanath Mitter 4. Barindra Kumar Ghosh 5. Ullaskar Dutta Who of the above were actively associated with the Anushilan Samiti?

Detailed Solution: Question 23

Anushilan Samiti established March 24, 1902 in Kolkata by Barrister Pramathanath Mitra and Satish Chandra Bose. Became hotbed of rebellion where young people learnt guerrilla warfare, handled arms, made bombs. Aimed to make young Indians strong mentally, physically, spiritually. Inspired by Swami Vivekananda's ideas and Bankim Chandra's Anandamath. Lala Hardayal was founder of Ghadar Party, not Anushilan Samiti.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 24
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Please review the statements provided below:

Statement-I: The Rowlatt Act of 1919 was opposed by Gandhi through the nationwide Satyagraha.

Statement-II: The political activists under the act could be tried without juries and imprisoned without trial.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Detailed Solution: Question 24

Rowlatt Act officially Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act (March 1919) extended Defence of India Regulations Act 1915. Based on Rowlatt Commission recommendations, allowed political activists tried without juries, imprisoned without trial. Gandhi called it 'Black Act' and organized Satyagraha Sabha, mobilizing non-violent protest including nationwide hartal and civil disobedience.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 25
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Referring to Gandhiji's Eleven Demands, consider the following statements: 1. The government's refusal to meet the demands triggered the commencement of the Non-cooperation movement. 2. It contained requests for safeguarding Indian textiles against British imports. Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 25

Gandhi's demands were compromise formula appealing wide range of opinions. Demanded: Reduce rupee-sterling ratio, reduce agricultural tax by 50%, eliminate salt monopoly and abolish salt tax, reduce military expenditure and salaries, release political prisoners, CID reforms, postal reservation, protect Indian textiles against British imports, prohibition of intoxicants, reserve coastal shipping, allow popular firearm license control.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 26
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In relation to the Swadeshi movement, evaluate the following statements:

  1. The Swadeshi Movement in Andhra Pradesh was known as Vandemataram Movement.
  2. During the movement Bengal National College was set up with Subhash Chandra Bose as its principal.
  3. Surrender of titles and honorary positions by the Indian were the part of Swadeshi movement.

How many of the statements presented above are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 26

Swadeshi Movement officially proclaimed August 7, 1905 at Calcutta Town Hall. When Lord Curzon announced Bengal partition July 1905, Congress initiated Swadeshi movement as protest. By 1909, spread across country with anti-partition and anti-colonial movements. In Andhra Pradesh also known as Vandemataram movement.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 27
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Among the four events listed, which option places them in the correct chronological order, starting with the earliest?

  1. India House founded by the Shyamji Krishna Varma
  2. Foundation of Ghadar party
  3. Madam Bhikaji Cama hoisted Indian tricolour flag in Stuttgart, Germany
  4. Ramosi Peasant Force organized by Vasudev Balwant Phadke

Detailed Solution: Question 27

Ghadar Party formed Astoria April 21, 1913, initially named 'Hindustani Association of Pacific Coast Foundation'. Formed to fight India's independence from British colonial rule. First newspaper 'Ghadar' taken out November 1, 1913 from San Francisco, made party headquarters. Sohan Singh Bhakna as founder president.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 28
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Consider the following statements regarding the Second Round Table Conference (1931): 1. The Indian National Congress was represented by Mahatma Gandhi along with Surendra Kumar Datta as delegates. 2. Lord Irwin presided over the Conference as Viceroy of India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 28

Second Round Table Conference (September 1931-December 1931, London) followed Gandhi-Irwin Pact, only session including Indian National Congress. Gandhi attended as sole official Congress representative. Other Indians present not as Congress delegates. Conference chaired by British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald. Lord Irwin negotiated Gandhi-Irwin Pact but did not preside over London conference.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 29
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Among the listed events, which occurred first?

Detailed Solution: Question 29

Dadabhai Naoroji first Indian becoming British Parliament House of Commons member 1892; founding Congress member 1885. Rabindranath Tagore composed Jana Gana Mana, first sung December 27, 1911 at Calcutta Congress session. 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre angered Tagore; May 1919 he penned letter to Viceroy renouncing knighthood granted 1915, marking unprecedented cultural and moral dissent.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 30
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In the context of the Indian freedom struggle, the 'Bombay Manifesto' was related to the:

Detailed Solution: Question 30

'Bombay Manifesto' signed 1936 by twenty-one Bombay businessmen contained open indictment of Nehru's socialist preaching deemed prejudicial to private property and country's peace and prosperity. Although not evoking other business community support, strengthened moderates' hands within Congress like Bhulabhai Desai and G.B. Pant who pressured Nehru tone down socialist utterances.

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