Test: Africa- Climate, Natural Vegetation and Population - UPSC MCQ

The Mediterranean Climate Zone in Africa is characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Countries along the northern coast of Africa, such as Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya, fall within this climatic zone. The annual rainfall in this zone is moderate, with most precipitation occurring during the winter months.

The Desert Climate Zone in Africa, dominated by the Sahara Desert, is characterized by extreme aridity. It experiences high temperatures during the day and significant temperature drops at night. Rainfall is scarce and sporadic, making it one of the driest regions on Earth.

The Sahel Climate Zone in Africa is a transitional zone between the desert and the savanna. It is characterized by a short rainy season and a long dry season. Rainfall is low and unreliable, often leading to droughts and desertification. The Sahel region stretches across Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea.

The Savannah Climate Zone in Africa experiences distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season, known as summer, receives heavy rainfall, while the dry season, known as winter, has very little precipitation. This climatic zone is prevalent across central Africa and includes countries such as Nigeria, Kenya, and Tanzania.

The Tropical Rainforest Climate Zone in Africa is characterized by high temperatures, high humidity, and abundant rainfall throughout the year. This climatic zone is primarily found in the equatorial regions of Africa, including the Congo Basin and parts of West Africa. These regions are known for their dense, lush rainforests and diverse flora and fauna.

The Congo Basin, located in the equatorial region of Africa, is known for its dense tropical rainforests. These forests receive abundant rainfall throughout the year, resulting in a high biodiversity and the presence of iconic species like gorillas and chimpanzees.

Savannas in Africa are characterized by a mix of grasslands and scattered trees. They have distinct wet and dry seasons and support a diverse range of wildlife, including lions, zebras, and elephants.

Deserts dominate the northern and southern edges of Africa. The Sahara Desert in the north and the Kalahari Desert in the south are examples of large deserts in Africa, characterized by arid conditions and minimal vegetation.

Mediterranean Vegetation, found in North Africa and the southern parts of South Africa, is adapted to hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. It consists of shrubs, small trees, and drought-resistant plants.

Grasslands in Africa, such as the Serengeti Plains in East Africa and the Highveld in South Africa, are characterized by vast open spaces covered in grasses, with scattered trees and shrubs. They are drier than savannas and support different species of grasses and herbivores.