Test: Human Endocrine System (October 13) - NEET MCQ

Thymus gland produces a hormone called thymosin which stimulates the T-cells. T-cells help in producing antibodies in the bodies. In older people weaker immune power is due to degeneration of thymus gland.

Oxytocin is the hormone responsible for the release or ejection of milk after childbirth. It triggers the contraction of muscle cells around the milk-producing alveoli, leading to milk ejection or let-down. Prolactin, on the other hand, is responsible for milk production

- Statement i is correct because the testis indeed functions as both a primary sex organ and an endocrine gland, producing the hormone testosterone, which is classified as an androgen.

- Statement ii is incorrect. Androgens primarily regulate the development and maturation of male accessory sex organs, not female secondary sex organs.

- Statement iii is correct as the ovary does produce one ovum during each menstrual cycle and is responsible for synthesizing estrogen and progesterone.

- Statement iv is incorrect because progesterone does not stimulate the development of facial hair in males; this function is primarily influenced by androgens like testosterone.

Therefore, the correct statements are i and iii, making Option A the right choice.

• Ovary is known for secreting Oestrogen, responsible for maintaining secondary sexual characteristics.
• Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans are known for secreting Glucagon, which has the effect of raising blood sugar levels.
• Anterior pituitary is renowned for secreting Growth Hormone, where over secretion leads to conditions such as gigantism.

The anterior pituitary produces Prolactin (PRL), Growth Hormone (GH), and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). The hormones not produced by the anterior pituitary from the list are Oxytocin, Vasopressin, Somatostatin, and Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH). These four hormones are either secreted by the hypothalamus or the posterior pituitary. Thus, the total number of hormones not produced by the anterior pituitary in the list is four.

Correct answer: B
Acromegaly is the condition resulting from the excess secretion of growth hormone in adults. It typically presents with severe disfigurement, especially of the face, along with other serious complications. The disease can lead to premature death if left unchecked and is often hard to diagnose in its early stages, usually becoming apparent as changes in external features become more noticeable.
 

• Option A: Pituitary dwarfism - This condition is characterized by reduced height and delayed physical development, but it results from insufficient secretion of growth hormone during childhood, not excess. It is the opposite condition related to growth hormone deficiency, making it unrelated to the question about excess hormone secretion.

• Option C: Gigantism - While gigantism is indeed caused by an excess of growth hormone, it specifically occurs if the excess happens during childhood before the growth plates close. Gigantism is marked by extreme height and proportional body growth, not the specific adult onset and facial disfigurement characteristics of acromegaly.

• Option D: Addison’s disease - This is a disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone. The symptoms of Addison's disease include muscle weakness, fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure. It has nothing to do with the secretion of growth hormone and is unrelated to the pituitary gland's function.