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UPSC Exam  >  UPSC Test  >  Geography CSE  >  Test: Indian Climate - UPSC MCQ

Indian Climate - Free MCQ Practice Test with solutions, UPSC Geography


MCQ Practice Test & Solutions: Test: Indian Climate (10 Questions)

You can prepare effectively for UPSC Geography for UPSC CSE with this dedicated MCQ Practice Test (available with solutions) on the important topic of "Test: Indian Climate". These 10 questions have been designed by the experts with the latest curriculum of UPSC 2026, to help you master the concept.

Test Highlights:

  • - Format: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
  • - Duration: 12 minutes
  • - Number of Questions: 10

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Test: Indian Climate - Question 1
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Which of the following factors are responsible for creating chilling effect in northern India during the winter season?

1. Snowfall in the Himalayas.

2. Distant location of the states, like Punjab and Haryana, from the sea.

3. Cold waves from Turkmenistan hitting the north-west India.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Detailed Solution: Question 1

Usually, the cold weather season sets in by mid-November in northern India. December and January are the coldest months in the northern plains. The mean daily temperature remains below 21°C over most parts of northern India. The night temperature may be quite low, sometimes going below the freezing point in Punjab and Rajasthan. There are 3 main reasons for the excessive cold in north India during this season:
(i) States, like Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan, being far away from the moderating influence of the sea, experience continental climate.
(ii) The snowfall in the nearby Himalayan ranges creates cold wave situation; and
(iii) Around February, the cold winds coming from the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan bring cold wave along with frost and fog over the north- western parts of India. 

Test: Indian Climate - Question 2
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Consider the following statements with respect to Koeppen's scheme of classification of Indian climatic regions: 1. It classified India into ten major climatic regions. 2. It classified the Coromandel coast of Tamil Nadu as a 'Monsoon with dry summer' climatic region. Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 2

Koeppen climate classification based on temperature/precipitation monthly values identified five major types. Each subdivided by seasonal rainfall/temperature variations. Koeppen divided India into nine climatic regions (statement 1 incorrect). Table details Indian climatic types, locations, characteristics.

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Test: Indian Climate - Question 3
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Examine two statements about incoming solar radiation (insolation):

  1. The amount of insolation reaching Earth is greater at perihelion than at aphelion.
  2. The spatial distribution of insolation over the Earth's surface is affected by latitude, the atmospheric composition, and the angle at which sunlight strikes.

Which of the statements above are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 3

Insolation refers to solar energy amount received per unit area on Earth's surface, varying by latitude, orbit, axial tilt, atmospheric conditions. Earth receives about 7% more insolation at perihelion (January 3, ~147 million km) than aphelion (July 4, ~152 km away) following inverse-square law. Insolation distribution influenced by latitude (determines sunlight angle-daylight duration), atmospheric composition (clouds, aerosols, greenhouse gases), and incidence angle—higher at equator-tropics, more concentrated solar energy.

Test: Indian Climate - Question 4
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Consider the following statements regarding Long Period Average (LPA): 1. LPA is determined on the basis of the rainfall averaged over a period of less than 10 years. 2. The Indian Metriological Department (IMD) categorizes 'normal' and 'below normal' rainfall using LPA as the benchmark. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 4

Long Period Average (LPA) is rainfall recorded over a region for specific interval averaged over long period like 30 years. Statement 1 incorrect: LPA definition doesn't specify it being average over long period within given interval. Statement 2 correct: LPA acts as benchmark for forecasting quantitative rainfall. IMD predicts normal, below normal, or above normal monsoon relative to benchmark LPA. Statement 3 correct: Hawaii hotspot explanation is accurate.

Test: Indian Climate - Question 5
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Which of the following groups represents the areas of high rainfall (exceeding 200cm)?

Detailed Solution: Question 5

Average annual rainfall India approximately 125 cm with great spatial variations. High rainfall areas: west coast, Western Ghats, sub-Himalayan northeast, Meghalaya hills (exceeds 1,000 cm in parts). Medium rainfall (100-200 cm): southern Gujarat, east Tamil Nadu, northeastern Peninsula, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar. Low rainfall (50-100 cm): Western Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Deccan Plateau. Inadequate rainfall (below 50 cm): Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Ladakh, western Rajasthan.

Test: Indian Climate - Question 6
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Which of the following best describes theword 'Chillai Kalan'?

Detailed Solution: Question 6

The most severe part of the winter in Kashmir consists of three months. It is divided into three parts called the Chilas:- The Chillai Kalan, the Chillai Khurd, and the Challai Bache.

  • Chillai Kalan (Cold wave) is the harshest 40 days winter spell in the region of Kashmir triggered by the western disturbance. It is a Persian term that means ‘major cold’. During Chillai-Kalan, the weather in Kashmir valley continues to remain dry and cold with minimum temperatures hovering below the freezing point. Hence option (b) is the correct answer.
    • The 40-day period brings a lot of hardships for Kashmiris as the temperature drops considerably leading to the freezing of water bodies, including the famous Dal Lake here.
    • During these 40 days, the chances of snowfall are the highest and the maximum temperature drops considerably. The minimum temperature in the Valley hovers below the freezing point.
  • Chillai-Kalan is followed by a 20-day long Chillai Khurd (small cold) between January 30 and February 18 and a 10-days long Chillai Bachha (baby cold) from February 19 to February 28.

Test: Indian Climate - Question 7
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  1. Convectional rainfall occurs mainly in polar regions.
  2. Orographic rainfall arises when mountains force moist air to rise.

Which of the above statements are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 7

Convectional rainfall occurs in equatorial and tropical regions caused by intense solar heating, not in polar regions which receive very little solar radiation. Orographic rainfall (relief rainfall) occurs when moist air is forced to ascend over mountain ranges. As air rises, it cools and condenses, forming clouds and precipitation. This is common in areas with significant elevation changes like Western Ghats, Andes, and Rocky Mountains.

Test: Indian Climate - Question 8
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Consider the following statements:

  1. The atmosphere is largely made up of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.
  2. The ozone layer is mainly located in the troposphere.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution: Question 8

The atmosphere is primarily composed of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and other gases including argon. The ozone layer is mainly found in the stratosphere between 15-35 km altitude, with highest concentration around 20-25 km. The troposphere is the lowest atmospheric layer (0-12 km) where most weather phenomena occur. While some ozone exists in the troposphere as a pollutant in smog, the protective ozone layer is in the stratosphere.

Test: Indian Climate - Question 9
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Which of the following are the causes of seasonal changes?

  1. Revolution of the earth
  2. Rotation of the earth
  3. Earth's tilted axis

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Detailed Solution: Question 9

Earth moves in space two ways: rotates on its axis from west to east (takes 24 hours, causing day-night; doesn't cause seasonal changes), and revolves around sun in orbit. Earth rotates on tilted axis at 23.5° angle with normal (66.5° with orbital plane). Throughout year, different Earth parts receive sun's most direct rays. Revolution (365¼ days/year) on tilted axis causes seasonal variation. Six hours saved yearly accumulate to one day over four years.

Test: Indian Climate - Question 10
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Consider the following statements regarding Indian climatic conditions: I: During this season, the northeast trade winds prevail over the country. II: The weather is normally marked by clear sky, low humidity and feeble, variable winds. III. There is an inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and the northwest. Which of the following is best described by the statements given above?

Detailed Solution: Question 10

Cold weather season begins mid-November in northern India, lasting till February. December and January coldest months. Temperature decreases south to north: Chennai 24-25°C, northern plains 10-15°C. Northeast trade winds prevail blowing land to sea, creating dry season except Tamil Nadu coast where winds blow sea to land. Low-pressure cyclonic disturbances from Mediterranean bring winter rains and snowfall. Peninsular region lacks well-defined cold season due to sea's moderating influence.

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About this UPSC Practice Test

This test contains 10 MCQs on Indian Climate with detailed solutions for each question. It is part of the Geography for UPSC CSE course on EduRev, designed to align with the current UPSC syllabus. Each solution explains not just the correct answer but also gives you an understanding of the topic — not just to attempt the question but also help you prepare for the exam with practice.

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