Test: Salient Features of the Indian Constitution - UPSC MCQ

Statement 1 is correct. Universal Adult Suffrage in India was adopted without any qualifications such as sex, property, taxation, or the like, allowing every man and woman above 18 years of age to vote.

Statement 2 is incorrect. While the Preamble of the Indian Constitution does not explicitly declare India to be a Welfare State, the Directive Principles of State Policy aim to establish India as a Welfare State.

Statement 3 is correct. Emergency provisions in the Indian Constitution can alter the normal distribution of powers between the Centre and the States, enabling the Union Parliament to legislate on matters in the State List and altering financial arrangements.

Thus, the correct answer is Option A: 1 and 3 only

Statement-I correctly mentions the classification of Panchayats in Bihar with differing terms of office. Statement-II, however, is incorrect as it suggests a uniform term of office for all classes, which is not the case. Hence, Statement-I is correct while Statement-II is incorrect.

The emergency provisions in the Indian Constitution were inspired by the model of German Reich and the Government of India Act, 1935. These provisions ensure that the government can effectively deal with extraordinary situations that threaten the nation's stability and security.

The sequence of Fundamental Duties is:

1. Fundamental Duty 1 - To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions 

2. Fundamental Duty 2 - Follow the ideals of the freedom struggle

3. Fundamental Duty 3 - Protect the sovereignty & integrity of India

4. Fundamental Duty 4 - Defend the country and render national services when called upon

All four pairs are wrongly matched.

Indian Constitution is neither purely 'federal' nor purely 'unitary'. The federal form is clearly manifest in the constitutional distribution of powers between the union and the states not only in the legislative field but also in executive and administrative fields.

The primary goal of Panchayati Raj is to enable the people of each area to achieve tremendous and continuous development in the interest of the entire population. The elected representatives should be encouraged to value the people rather than opportunities for the exercise of authority.

Statement 1 is incorrect. The President of India is not elected directly by the people but by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both Houses of Parliament and elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of States and Union territories.

Statement 2 is correct. During a proclamation of emergency, the Indian Constitution allows the Union Parliament to legislate on subjects mentioned in the State List.

Statement 3 is correct. The Fundamental Rights are elaborated in Part III of the Indian Constitution and are subject to reasonable restrictions.

Thus, the correct answer is Option C: 2 and 3 Only.

 73rd Amendment Act added Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution and Part IX, which provides for the Panchayati Raj System.

The Panchayat Raj System was first adopted by the state of Rajasthan in Nagaur district on 2nd Oct 1959. The second state was Andhra Pradesh

1. Article 25 - Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion (Correctly matched)

2. Article 26 - Freedom to manage religious affairs (Correctly matched)

3. Article 27 - Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion (Correctly matched)

4. Article 28 - Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or worship in certain educational institutions (Correctly matched)

All four pairs are correctly matched.

• Statement-I is correct as Panchayat Samiti does serve as an intermediate tier in the Panchayati Raj system.
• Statement-II is incorrect because the term of office for Panchayat Samiti can vary from state to state, so it is not consistent across all states.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option C: Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect.

Statement-I: The presiding officer of Panchayat is referred to by various names in different states.
- This statement is correct. The presiding officer of a Panchayat, commonly known as the "Sarpanch," can indeed have different titles depending on the state, such as "Pradhan," "Mukhiya," "President," etc.
Statement-II: The tenure of Panchayat varies across states.
- This statement is incorrect. According to the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992, the tenure of Panchayats is uniformly fixed at five years across all states in India.
Given the analysis:
Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 3. Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect.

According to the citizenship act of 1955 a person can acquire the citizenship of a country by marrying a person of that country, and she was the wife of rajiv gandhi, an Indian citizen she got the citizenship of India.

1. Part III - Fundamental Rights (Correctly matched)

2. Part IV - Directive Principles of State Policy (Correctly matched)

3. Part IVA - Fundamental Duties (Correctly matched)

4. Part V - The Union (Correctly matched)

All four pairs are correctly matched.

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Directive Principles of State Policy are not justiciable and are not enforceable by the courts. They are guidelines for the state to follow in governance.

Statement 2 is correct. The Indian Constitution combines rigidity and flexibility in its amendment procedures, as some provisions require a special majority in Parliament and, in some cases, the consent of half of the state legislatures.

Statement 3 is correct. The Supreme Court of India can issue writs in the nature of Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto to enforce the Fundamental Rights.

Thus, the correct answer is Option C: 2 and 3 Only.