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Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - UPSC MCQ


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Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 1

Rammohan Roy did:

I. Attack polygamy and the degraded conditions of widows.

II. Champion women’s rights like right of inheritance and property.

III. Campaign against the practice of Sati and succeed in getting it abolished by the British Government.

IV. Fight for the spread of traditional education through the medium of sanskrit.

Which of the following options is/are correct-

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 1

The correct answer is a) I, II, III.

Rammohan Roy was a prominent social reformer in India during the 19th century, known for his efforts to improve society, particularly in relation to women's rights and social practices.

  • I. Attack polygamy and the degraded conditions of widows: Rammohan Roy was a strong advocate for the rights of widows, opposing polygamy and the harsh treatment of widows in Indian society.

  • II. Champion women’s rights like right of inheritance and property: He also fought for women's rights, particularly their right to inheritance and property.

  • III. Campaign against the practice of Sati and succeed in getting it abolished by the British Government: Rammohan Roy is widely credited for his efforts to end the practice of Sati (the self-immolation of widows), and his activism contributed to its legal abolition in 1829.

  • IV. Fight for the spread of traditional education through the medium of Sanskrit: Rammohan Roy was not in favor of exclusively promoting traditional Sanskrit education; rather, he supported the modernization of education, including promoting the study of English and Western sciences, along with Indian culture.

Thus, the correct answer is a) I, II, III.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 2

Rammohan Roy did:

I. Pass away in India in 1833

II. Initiate public agitation on political questions like the need for reforms in the British administration, etc.

III. Pioneer Indian Journalism in order to educate the public on current issues.

IV. Strive to bring about national consciousness in India.

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 2

Ram Mohan Roy passed away due to meningitis in Stapleton, Bristol, United Kingdom on 27 September 1833.
Born on May 22, 1772 in a Bengali-Brahmin family, social reformer Raja Ram Mohan Roy is known as the 'Maker of Modern India' and 'Father of Indian Renaissance'. He campaigned for abolition of the practice of Sati and caste system, and demanded property rights for women.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 3

Who said, “So long as the millions live in hunger and ignorance, I hold every man a traitor, who having been educated at their expense, pay not the least head to them”?

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 3

M.K. Gandhi was a prominent leader and advocate for social justice. He believed that education brings responsibility and that those who benefit from it must serve society. His view was that:

  • Education should not be a privilege for the few while others suffer.
  • People educated at the expense of society have an obligation to help those less fortunate.
  • Indifference to the plight of the impoverished is a betrayal of one's duty.

Gandhi's statement reflects his deep commitment to social equality and the moral duty of individuals to contribute positively to their communities.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 4

What is the chronological order of the following events in the life of Swami Vivekananda?

I. Establishment of a monastery at Baranagar

II. First extensive tour of India

III. Speech at the World Parliament of Religions at Chicago

IV. Speech at the Congress of the History of Religions at Paris

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 4

Chronological Order of Events in Swami Vivekananda's Life

  • Establishment of a monastery at Baranagar
  • First extensive tour of India
  • Speech at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago
  • Speech at the Congress of the History of Religions in Paris

The correct chronological order of these events is as follows:

  1. First extensive tour of India
  2. Speech at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago
  3. Speech at the Congress of the History of Religions in Paris
  4. Establishment of a monastery at Baranagar
Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 5

Arrange the following events in the life of Rammohan Roy in chronological sequence:

I. His publication of a book entitled “The Precepts of Jesus, the Guide to Peace and Happiness”.

II. His visit to England as an ambassador of the titular Mughal emperor.

III. His publication of a Persian treatise called “Tuhfat-ul-Muwahidin”.

IV. Establishment of the Atmiya Sabha.

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 5

Rammohan Roy was a pivotal figure in Indian history, known for his reformist ideas. Here is a chronological sequence of significant events in his life:

  • Publication of the Persian treatise "Tuhfat-ul-Muwahidin". This work laid the groundwork for his later reformist efforts.
  • Establishment of the Atmiya Sabha. This society aimed to promote social and religious reform through education and dialogue.
  • Publication of the book "The Precepts of Jesus, the Guide to Peace and Happiness". In this work, he advocated for ethical teachings over rituals.
  • Visit to England as an ambassador for the titular Mughal emperor. During this visit, he sought support for his reformist agenda.
Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 6

Which of the following statements about the Prarthana Sabha are true?

I. M.G. Ranade and R.G. Bhandarkar joined it in 1870 and infused new strength in it.

II. It was an offshoot of the Brahmo Samaj of India.

III. It was a reform movement outside Hinduism.

IV. It concentrated on social reforms like interdining, inter-marriage, remarriage of widows, and upliftment of women and depressed classes.

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 6

Statements about the Prarthana Sabha:

  • M.G. Ranade and R.G. Bhandarkar joined the Prarthana Sabha in 1870, bringing new vitality to the movement.
  • The Sabha was an offshoot of the Brahmo Samaj in India.
  • It was primarily a reform movement within Hinduism, rather than outside of it.
  • The focus was on social reforms, including:
    • Interdining
    • Inter-marriage
    • Remarriage of widows
    • Upliftment of women and depressed classes
Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 7

In the beginning of the 19th century, Indian society suffered from many social and religious ills. What exposed the weakness and decay of Indian society ?

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 7

In the early 19th century, Indian society faced numerous social and religious issues, revealing its weaknesses.

  • The impact of Western culture introduced new ideas that challenged traditional beliefs.
  • Long-standing traditional Indian ideas and institutions were often outdated and unable to adapt to changing times.
  • The economic exploitation of India by colonial powers further weakened social structures.

These factors collectively exposed the decay within Indian society.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 8

Why did some Indians feel that modem Western thought provided the key to the regeneration of their society?

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 8

Many Indians believed that modern Western thought was essential for revitalising their society due to several reasons:

  • Modern science had a significant impact on their thinking, showcasing advancements that encouraged progress.

  • The principles of reason and humanism resonated with them, promoting values of rationality and individual worth.

  • Various social groups, including the capitalist class, working class, and the modern intelligentsia, recognised the need for modernisation to align with their interests.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 9

The main figure in the awakening was Raja Rammohan Roy who is regarded as the first great leader of modem India. He joined the service of the East India Company in

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 9

Raja Rammohan Roy is often referred to as the first significant leader of modern India. His contributions were pivotal during the Indian awakening.

  • Born in 1772, he played a key role in promoting social reforms.
  • He joined the service of the East India Company in 1805.
  • Rammohan Roy was instrumental in the abolition of sati and advocated for women's rights.
  • His efforts laid the groundwork for subsequent movements in Indian society.

Through his work, Rammohan Roy not only influenced the cultural landscape of India but also fostered a sense of nationalism among the people.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 10

What is true about Rammohan Roy?

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 10

 It will surely not be in a hyperbole to regard Raja Rammohan Roy as one of the most outstanding personalities of the 19th century, as a pioneer of modernity, and a visionary of Liberal Democracy not just of Bengal or India but of the whole world. He is universally acknowledged as the prime crusader against the infamous practice of Sati, and pioneer of the progressive Atmiya Sabha, but he also inadvertently preached constructive capitalistic activism.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 11

In which languages was Rammohan Roy proficient ?

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 11

Correct option is D. All of the above

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 12

In 1809 Rammohan Roy wrote Gift to Monotheists in which he put forward the idea that people must worship a single God. This work was written in

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 12

In 1809, Rammohan Roy wrote "Gift to Monotheists," where he advocated for the worship of a single God. This influential work was composed in:

  • Persian

  • Sanskrit

  • English

  • Hebrew

The answer is Persian. Rammohan Roy's choice of language reflects both his cultural background and the audience he aimed to reach.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 13

Rammohan Roy settled in Calcutta in 1814. He got the cooperation of youngmen and started an organisation to fight religious and social evils which were widely prevalent among Hindus in Bengal. This organisation was called

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 13

Rammohan Roy established his residence in Calcutta in 1814. He gathered the support of young individuals to address the religious and social evils that were prevalent among Hindus in Bengal. This initiative led to the formation of an organisation known as:

  • Vidya Sabha
  • Sanjibani Sabha
  • Atmiya Sabha
  • None of these

Roy's efforts focused on promoting social reform and education, making a significant impact on society during his time.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 14

Rammohan Roy held that the principal ancient Hindu texts preached monotheism or the worship of one God. To prove his point, he published the Bengali translation of

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 14

Rammohan Roy carried on a persistent struggle against the religious and social evils which were widely prevalent among the Hindusin Bengal. In particular he vigorously opposed the worship of idols, the rigidity of caste and the prevalence of meaningless religious rituals. He condemned the priestly class for encouraging these practices. He held  that all the principal ancient texts of the Hindus preached monotheism or worship of one God. He published the Bengali translation of the vedas and five of the principal Upanishads.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 15

Rammohan Roy opposed the

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 15

Rammohan Roy was a significant figure in the reform of Indian society, particularly in relation to religion and social practices. He challenged several established norms, including:

  • Idol worship: Roy believed that the practice of idol worship was unnecessary and detracted from the true essence of spirituality.
  • Rigidity of caste: He opposed the strict caste system, advocating for equality and the upliftment of the lower castes.
  • Meaningless religious rituals: He argued that many religious rituals lacked purpose and should be reformed to reflect genuine spiritual values.

Roy's reforms aimed to create a more rational and humane society, promoting a vision of religion that focused on ethics and personal morality rather than outdated traditions.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 16

Rammohan Roy published his Precept of Jesus in which he attempted to separate the moral and philosophic message of the New Testament, which he praised, from its miracle stories. This work was published in

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 16

Rammohan Roy published his work titled Precept of Jesus to distinguish the moral teachings of the New Testament from its miraculous accounts. In this publication, he focused on:

  • Highlighting the ethical and philosophical messages that he found valuable.
  • Critiquing the stories of miracles, which he believed distracted from the core teachings.
  • Promoting a rational interpretation of religious texts.

This significant work was released in 1820.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 17

Rammohan Roy wanted the high moral message of Christ to be incorporated in Hinduism. This got him the hostility of the

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 17

Rammohan Roy aimed to integrate the high moral teachings of Christ into Hinduism. This initiative led to significant opposition from various groups, including:

  • Missionaries: They often viewed his efforts as a challenge to their religious authority.
  • British government: His reformist ideas were seen as a threat to colonial stability.
  • Indian Muslims: Some perceived his actions as an attempt to undermine Islamic beliefs.

His progressive approach sought to bridge religious divides, but it also attracted hostility from those who felt threatened by his vision for a more inclusive society.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 18

Which is true about Rammohan Roy?

I. Surprisingly, the orthodoxy supported him for his philosophic admiration of Christianity and Islam.

II. He wanted reform of Hinduism and opposed its supersession by Christianity.

III. Other tha n Hinduism, Rammohan Roy adopted an extremely friendly attitude towards only Christianity.

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 18

The correct option is B.
From 1820 to 1823 to 1823 Rammohun was engaged in a controversy with Christian Missionaries on the fundamentals of Christianity. This controversy started with the publication of his book − the precepts of Jesus, the Guide to peace and happiness, in which he tried to separate the moral teachings of Jesus from the historical and miraculous accounts given in the gospels. Rammohun’s religious view and writings influenced the younger generation of his time.
Rammohun’s stand for opposition to Hindu idolatry and polytheism were that the authentic version of the Hindu religion available in the Vedas was not followed in the current polytheistic and idolatrous practices, that the current practices (Child-sacrifice, Sati, Hook Swinging etc) were based on bad understanding of the true purport of the Vedas, that the current practices indicate a decline of true scholarship of the scriptures
 

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 19

Rammohan Roy founded a new religious society, the Brahmo Samaj. Its purposes was to purify Hinduism and to preach theism (worship of a single God). This society was founded in

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 19

Rammohan Roy established the Brahmo Samaj to reform Hinduism and promote theism, which is the worship of a single God. The society aimed to eliminate superstitions and advocate for a simpler, more rational approach to spirituality.

  • The Brahmo Samaj sought to bring about social and religious reforms.
  • It encouraged education and upliftment of women.
  • Rammohan Roy's efforts helped to challenge traditional practices.
  • The society played a crucial role in the modernisation of Indian society.

Founded in 1829, the Brahmo Samaj became a significant movement in India, influencing both religious thought and societal change.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 20

The Brahma Sabha was to be based on the twin pillars of

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 20

The Brahma Sabha was established with a focus on two main principles:

  • Humanism: Emphasising the value and agency of human beings, collectively and individually.
  • Reason: Advocating for logical thinking and evidence-based understanding.

This foundation aimed to promote enlightenment and progressive thought within society.

In addition to these principles, the Brahma Sabha also recognised the significance of:

  • The Vedas and Upanishads: Ancient Indian texts that hold spiritual and philosophical importance.

By combining these elements, the Brahma Sabha sought to create a framework that respected traditional wisdom while encouraging rational discourse.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 21

What is true about the Brahmo Samaj?

I. It laid emphasis on human dignity.

II. It opposed idol worship.

III. It criticised social evils like Sati.

IV. lt incorporated the teachings of other religions.

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 21

Brahmo Samaj is a significant reformist movement in India that emerged in the 19th century. Here are some key points about its principles and beliefs:

  • Human Dignity: The movement emphasised the importance of human dignity, advocating for the respect and worth of every individual.
  • Opposition to Idol Worship: Brahmo Samaj strongly opposed idol worship, promoting the idea of a formless God.
  • Criticism of Social Evils: It notably criticised various social evils, including Sati, which was the practice of widow burning.
  • Incorporation of Teachings: The movement also sought to incorporate the teachings from other religions, fostering a spirit of inclusivity.
Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 22

Rammohan Roy set out to arouse public opinion on the question of sati as early as

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 22

Rammohan Roy was a pivotal figure in advocating against the practice of sati, where a widow would self-immolate on her husband's funeral pyre. His efforts began as early as 1818. Here are some key points regarding his activism:

  • Rammohan Roy aimed to raise public awareness about the dangers and injustices of sati.
  • He used various platforms, including pamphlets and public meetings, to share his views.
  • His activism was instrumental in initiating discussions that ultimately led to the abolition of sati.
  • Roy's efforts were supported by both Indian reformers and British officials, who recognised the need for social change.
Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 23

What did Rammohan Roy demanded in order to raise the status of women?

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 23

Rammohan Roy, a prominent social reformer in India during the early 19th century, fought for various social, educational, and political reforms, including the upliftment of women's status in society. He demanded several changes to improve the condition of women in India, which are as follows:

1. The abolition of polygamy: Rammohan Roy believed that the practice of a man having multiple wives was unjust to women and contributed to their subjugation in society. He advocated for the abolition of polygamy so that women would have equal status in a marriage.

2. The encouragement of widow remarriage: In the Indian society of that time, widows were often treated as outcasts and were not allowed to remarry. Rammohan Roy saw this as a significant social injustice and worked to promote widow remarriage to provide these women with a chance at a better life.

3. Women be given the right of inheritance and property: Rammohan Roy felt that women should have the same legal rights as men, including the right to inherit and own property. This would provide women with financial independence and security, thereby improving their social standing.

In summary, Rammohan Roy demanded all of the above changes to raise the status of women in society. He believed that by addressing these key issues, women would be able to enjoy a greater degree of equality and freedom.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 24

Rammohan Roy was given the title of ‘Raja’ by Mughal emperor

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 24

Rammohan Roy was honoured with the title of ‘Raja’ by the Mughal emperor.

  • The title was granted in recognition of his contributions.
  • Rammohan Roy played a significant role in social reforms in India.
  • He is often referred to as the ‘Father of the Indian Renaissance’.

This acknowledgment reflects the respect he commanded during his time.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 25

A foreigner came to India in 1800 as a watchmaker. He spent his entire life in the promotion of modem education in India and got enthusiastic support from Rammohan Roy. His name was

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 25

Alexander Duff was a significant figure in the promotion of modern education in India during the 19th century. Here are some key points about him:

  • He arrived in India as a watchmaker in 1800.
  • Duff dedicated his life to advancing education in the country.
  • He received enthusiastic support from Rammohan Roy, a key reformer and advocate for education.
  • His efforts laid the foundation for modern educational institutions in India.

Through his work, Duff made a lasting impact on the educational landscape of India.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 26

Who founded the famous Hindu College?

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 26

The correct option is B.
David Hare (1775–1842) was a Scottish watchmaker and philanthropist in Bengal, India (see East India Company and their rule in India). He founded many important and prestigious educational institutions in Calcutta (now Kolkata), such as the Hindu School, and Hare School and helped in founding Presidency College.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 27

Raja Rammohan Roy was a pioneer of Indian journalism. He published journals in

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 27

Raja Rammohan Roy was a key figure in the development of Indian journalism, known for his efforts in advancing social reform and education.

He founded and published several journals in various languages, which played a crucial role in disseminating information and ideas. The languages in which he published include:

  • Bengali
  • Hindi
  • Persian
  • English
  • Arabic

His publications contributed significantly to the intellectual awakening in India, encouraging discussions on social issues and reform. Rammohan Roy's work laid the foundation for modern journalism in the country.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 28

Rammohan Roy protested against

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 28

Rammohan Roy was a prominent figure in India who actively protested against various injustices imposed by colonial rule. His protests included:

  • Taxation on tax-free lands: He opposed attempts to levy taxes on lands that were previously exempt from taxation, arguing that this would hurt the local farmers and landowners.
  • Trading rights of the East India Company: Roy challenged the monopolistic practices of the East India Company, which restricted trade and exploited Indian resources for profit.
  • Heavy export duties: He protested against high export duties that were placed on Indian goods, making it difficult for local producers to compete in international markets.

Through his activism, Rammohan Roy highlighted the need for reform and greater equity in the economic policies affecting India during British rule.

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 29

Which of the following was Rammohan Roy’s foremost Indian associate?

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 29

The correct option is Option C.
Rammohan Roy and Dwarkanath Tagore were allies in social reform, early Indian journalism and much else in colonial Calcutta, but after both died in England in the 19th century, their lives are remembered differently: one is celebrated, while the other lies in a crumbling grave, neglected.
Roy (1772-1833) died in Bristol, while Tagore (1794-1846) passed away on a stormy August day in London.
 

Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 30

Which of the following organizations were founded by Pandita Ramabai?

1. Bharat Stree Mahamandal

2. Arya Mahila Samaj

3.  Mukti Mission

4.  Sharda Sadan

Detailed Solution for Test: Social & Cultural Awakening, Lower Caste, Trade Union & Peasants Movements - 2 - Question 30
  • Arya Mahila Samaj: Founded by Pandita Ramabai in 1882, aimed to promote women's education and welfare.
  • Mukti Mission: Established by Ramabai in 1897, focused on providing shelter and education for destitute women and orphans.
  • Sharda Sadan: Founded in 1889 by Ramabai, this was a school for widows in Bombay (now Mumbai).


Therefore, the correct answer is C: 2, 3, and 4. Pandita Ramabai did not found Bharat Stree Mahamandal.

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