Test: World- Natural Disasters - UPSC MCQ

Earthquakes occur along fault lines, which are fractures in the Earth's crust where movement has taken place. The release of energy along these fault lines leads to seismic activity and the occurrence of earthquakes.

The Pacific Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. This region is characterized by intense tectonic plate activity and is known for its high seismicity.

Hurricanes and typhoons are fueled by warm ocean waters. The evaporation of warm water provides the energy required for the formation and intensification of these tropical cyclones.

The Pacific Ocean is most prone to the occurrence of typhoons. Southeast Asia, Japan, and the western coast of North America are frequently affected by these powerful tropical cyclones.

Heavy rainfall is a common cause of floods. When the amount of rainfall exceeds the capacity of the land or drainage systems to absorb or carry away the water, it leads to the overflowing of rivers, inundation of low-lying areas, and the occurrence of floods.

Early warning systems play a crucial role in mitigating the impacts of earthquakes. These systems provide alerts and timely information to people in earthquake-prone areas, allowing them to take preventive measures, evacuate if necessary, and reduce potential casualties and damages.

Building codes in areas prone to hurricanes primarily aim to ensure wind resistance. These codes specify design and construction standards that buildings must adhere to in order to withstand the strong winds associated with hurricanes, reducing structural damage and enhancing the safety of occupants.

Implementing floodplain zoning is a crucial measure in managing flood risks. Floodplain zoning involves identifying areas prone to flooding and regulating land-use activities accordingly, such as restricting construction in high-risk areas and promoting green spaces or retention ponds to absorb excess water.

Reforestation plays a significant role in flood management. Trees and vegetation help improve water absorption, reduce surface runoff, stabilize soils, and prevent erosion. This can help mitigate the impact of floods by reducing the volume and speed of water flowing into rivers and streams.

International cooperation is crucial in natural disaster management. Sharing information, expertise, and best practices among countries enables effective preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. Collaborative initiatives enhance early warning systems, scientific research, and resource mobilization, ultimately contributing to more resilient and better-prepared communities worldwide.