UPSC EPFO Mock Test - 7 - UPSC MCQ

Short day plants are those plants that begin flowering when the days are shorter than their critical day length. They require the long period of darkness and the short period of light to flower. Long day plants are those plants that begin flowering when the days are longer than their critical day length. They will flower when they are exposed to the short period of darkness and the long period of light. Day neutral plants do not depend upon the amount of darkness or daylight hours for flowering. They flower independent of day length. Examples of day neutral plants are sunflower and tomato. 

In times of economic crisis, the nagging sense about universities could be option 2 or 4. During economic crisis it does not make sense to say that people are 'studying' to make ends meet, 'struggling' makes better sense.

Hydra reproduce by sexual and asexual mode. Budding is the process by which hydra reproduce through asexual mode. An outgrowth grows from the parent body due to the repeated cell division at a specific site. The cell which divide rapidly are known as regenerative cell. The outgrowth from the parent body is known as bud. This bud separates from the parent and develops into a genetically identical new organism.

During unfavourable conditions, hydra reproduce sexually. Swellings in the body wall develop into either a simple ovary or testes. The testes release sperms which fuses with the ovary.

Answer: b

Explanation:

After historic launch of 104 satellites at one go, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on 17 February 2017 successfully has tested its indigenously developed Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS) for GSLV MkIII rocket.

The cryogenic upper stage, designated as C25, has been tested recently at ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC) at Mahendragiri in Tamil Nadu. It was tested for flight duration of 640 seconds. In order to validate all the systems, the C25 Stage was also successfully tested earlier for 50 seconds on 25 January 2017. With this successful test of the Cryogenic Upper Stage, India has joined the elite group of select countries that have the technology in manufacturing such engines. The other countries to have the same technology are Russia, the US, China, Japan and France.

The correct order will be:
Then → it struck me (P)→ how eminently (S)→ suitable it was(R) → of course.(Q)

Weaknesses of People's Uprisings: 

• These uprisings drew a large number of participants but were, in fact, localised and occurred at different times in different regions. They mostly arose out of local grievances. 

• The leadership was semi-feudal in character, backwards-looking, traditional in outlook, and their resistance did not offer alternatives to the existing social setup. 

• If any of these revolts seemed similar to one another in wanting to oust the alien rule, it was not because of some 'national' impulse or common effort, but because they were protesting against conditions that were common to them. 

• These rebellions were centuries-old in form and ideological/cultural content. Those who were not so uncooperative or obstinate were pacified through concessions by the authorities. 

• The fighters' methods and arms in these uprisings were practically obsolete compared to the weapons and strategy—as well as deception and chicanery-employed by their opponents.

Primary deficit = fiscal deficit - interest payments. Standard formula

Computer software, or simply software, is a generic term that refers to a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built, that actually performs the work.

The credit balance of a personal account shows the amount payable to a person as it denotes a liability due to a person. The person in whose books a personal account has a credit balance has to pay the amount as a debt due.

The Constitution of India does not prescribe a minimum age for being a judge in the Supreme Court of India.

• The Law Commission of India in its 279th report, has recommended retaining Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) on ‘sedition’. The Commission also felt that the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), 1967, does not cover all elements of the offence envisaged under Section 124A IPC. 
• ‘Unlawful activity’ defined under Section 2(1)(o) of the UAPA includes ‘any action taken by such individual or association which causes or is intended to cause disaffection against India’. The punishment prescribed is imprisonment for up to seven years and a fine. The only difference between Section 124A IPC and this provision of the UAPA is that in place of the words ‘Government established by law in India’, the word ‘India’ is used in the UAPA.

All of the above are used to maintain money supply in the economy. They are quantitative  measures for the same.

As a message is divided into a number of packets, each packet can, if necessary, be sent by a different route across the internet. Packets can arrive in a different order than the order they were sent in. The Internet Protocol just delivers them. So, routing which is the process of moving data from one network to another by forwarding packets via gateways, is the correct answer.

This shadowy form did not reveal any details about the animal. Some people spoke of seeing a huge, shadowy form a Hound at midnight on the moor.Nobody had actually seen the hound. But they spoke of it in tones of horror.

• R: The sentence starts with "the last expedition," setting the context for the rest of the sentence.


• P: The sentence then talks about the reason for the expedition, which is "before their school examination."


• Q: Next, it mentions that the school examination was "due to start," providing a timeline for the events.


• S: Finally, it ends with "in a month's," giving a timeframe for when the events are expected to happen.

Therefore, the correct sequence is RPQS, as it follows a logical flow of events.

• A barrier to trade is a government-imposed restraint on the flow of international goods or services. The most common barrier to trade is a tariff—a tax on imports. Tariffs raise the price of imported goods relative to domestic goods (goods produced at home).
• An import quota is a type of protectionist trade restriction that sets a physical limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported into a country in a given period of time.
• FDI is related to the capital sector and overall investment policy of the nation. FDI is not considered a trade component. 

• Definition of Monopoly: A monopoly refers to a market structure where there is only a single seller or producer for a particular product or service. The seller has the power to influence prices and other market factors due to the lack of competition.
• Labour Market Characteristics: In most cases, the labour market does not exhibit the characteristics of a monopoly. There are usually multiple employers (buyers of labour) in a given industry or region, creating a competitive environment. This means workers (sellers of labour) have several potential employers to choose from. Therefore, it is not typical for a single employer to have monopolistic control over the labour market.
• Exceptional Cases: However, there can be exceptions in certain cases, such as in a company town where one company is the primary employer and thus has significant control over the labour market. But these are rare instances and do not reflect the typical dynamics of the labour market.

Therefore, it is not accurate to state that monopoly in the labour market is high, because this would not be representative of most labour markets. Instead, a more accurate statement would be that the labour market is typically characterised by a competitive environment with multiple potential employers.

Later, the 91^st Amendment Act of 2003 made one change in the provisions of the Tenth Schedule. It omitted an exception provision i.e., disqualification on ground of defection not to apply in case of split.

Social Security refers to a system of policies designed to reduce hardship, which can be derived from changes in certain circumstances, such as increasing age, unemployment, sickness, disability, work injury, or loss of a family earner.
The following are common methods of social security:

• Social Assistance: This is a non-contributory method of social security which provides means-tested support to individuals who demonstrate financial need. It is generally funded by tax revenues and is designed to alleviate poverty and provide support to those who are unable to work or who are unemployed.
• Social Insurance: This method is contributory, meaning individuals pay into the system (typically through payroll taxes) to gain entitlement to certain benefits. Examples include unemployment insurance, health insurance, and old age pensions. The amount of benefit often depends on the magnitude of the individual's contributions.
• Mutual Assistance: This entails voluntary associations or community-based groups that pool resources to support members in times of need. This might include burial societies, credit unions, or cooperative societies.

Social Action as a Non-Method of Social Security

• Social Action: Social action does not fall under the category of social security methods. Instead, it refers to actions taken by individuals, groups, or organizations to create social change or address social issues. This might include advocacy for policy changes, grassroots organizing, or community development projects. While social action can certainly contribute to improving social welfare and addressing social issues, it is not a method of social security in the way that social assistance, social insurance, or mutual assistance are.

Robert Owen and the Welfare Movement

• Robert Owen was a 19th-century industrialist who played a key role in the welfare movement. Born in Wales in 1771, he is often referred to as a 'social reformer' due to his significant contributions towards improving the working conditions of his workers.
• Owen is known for his pioneering efforts in implementing welfare schemes for his employees. His ideology was based on the belief that a person's character is formed by the effects of their environment. As a result, he argued, improvements in living and working conditions would lead to improved character and ultimately, better productivity.
• At his cotton mills in New Lanark, Scotland, he implemented a series of reforms that were revolutionary for their time. These included reducing the working hours, improving the housing conditions for workers, providing free education for their children, and abolishing physical punishment.
• He also advocated for a minimum working age and was one of the first to support the idea of a 'living wage'. His approach to business and industry was based on humanitarian principles, rather than purely economic ones.
• Owen's ideas were influential in the development of the cooperative movement and the trade union movement. He is also credited with helping to lay the groundwork for the establishment of the British welfare state.
• To summarize, Robert Owen was a champion of the welfare movement in the mid-19th century. His progressive ideas and actions significantly improved the lives of many workers and had a lasting impact on social and economic reforms in the UK.

Antibodies in our body are present in the blood in form of glycoproteins. They produce antigens in response to foreign particles to provide immunity against the pathogen.

• The thinking of becoming happier by becoming richer is challenged by the law of diminishing marginal utility of income")—after a certain point, the gains are very small. 

• This means that poor people benefit far more than rich people from an added dollar of income. This is a good reason why tax-and-transfer systems among high-income OECD countries.

The Tattwabodhinī Sabhā ("Truth Propagating/Searching Society") was a group started in Calcutta on 6 October 1839 as a splinter group of the Brahmo Samaj, reformers of Hinduism and Indian Society. The founding member was Debendranath Tagore, previously of the Brahmo Samaj, eldest son of influential entrepreneur Dwarkanath Tagore, and eventually father to renowned polymath Rabindranath Tagore.

It is issued by higher courts when they find that lower courts have made judgments beyond their powers of jurisdiction.

• MCA21 is an e-Governance initiative of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), Government of India that enables an easy and secure access of the MCA services to the corporate entities, professionals and citizens of India.

• Use of the MCA21 database for manufacturing companies has helped in accounting for activities other than manufacturing undertaken by these companies.

Both are male.

• Error detected after the preparation of final accounts: This means that the error was only identified after all the accounts had been finalized, which could result in significant discrepancies in the financial statements.



• Error detected after the preparation of trial balance: If an error is only caught after the trial balance has been prepared, it may still impact the accuracy of the financial statements but could be easier to rectify compared to errors found after final accounts preparation.



• Error detected before the preparation of trial balance: Finding errors before the trial balance is prepared is ideal as it allows for corrections to be made early on in the accounting process, minimizing the impact on the financial statements.



• All of these: This option indicates that errors can be identified at any stage of the accounting process and emphasizes the importance of thorough review and reconciliation of financial data.

By understanding the different times at which errors can be detected in the accounting process, professionals can implement measures to prevent and identify errors early on, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of financial information.

Intra-mural and Extramural Welfare:

• Intra-mural welfare refers to the welfare measures taken within the organization or the workplace. These could include health and safety measures, provision of amenities like cafeteria, restrooms etc., and creating a conducive work environment.
• Extramural welfare refers to the welfare measures taken outside the workplace. These could include housing facilities, educational facilities for children of employees, provision of recreational facilities, etc.

Complementary Nature:

• These two are mutually complementary because both intra-mural and extramural welfare contribute towards the overall welfare of the employees.
• While intra-mural welfare ensures a healthy and conducive work environment, extramural welfare contributes towards the overall well-being and satisfaction of the employees outside their work. Together, they ensure that the employees are well taken care of, both at work and outside.

Work-life Balance:

• The reason provided is also correct as ensuring a good work-life balance is crucial for getting the best output from an employee.
• If an employee is satisfied and content both at work and at home, it directly impacts their performance at work.
• Intra-mural and extramural welfare measures can help in achieving this balance by taking care of the needs of the employees at work and outside, respectively.

Only statement 2 is correct.

• The five Indian states that share a land border with Nepal are Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Sikkim.
• Surya Kiran: Indo – Nepal Joint Military Training Exercise between Indian Army and Nepali Army.
• The Sharda River demarcates Nepal’s western border with India.