KVS PGT Physics Mock Test - 4 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

The correct form of the word would be 'likes'. This is because the subject of the sentence is singular. 

'Chivalry' is the quality in a man of being highly courteous in his presentation. None of the other options means the same as that of the given phrase.
A preacher is a religious teacher, a savior is a person who protects people in times of need and a knight is a great warrior.
Example-Chivalrous men are difficult to be found in today's world.

The sentence shows a prediction that India will hold talks with Afghanistan in the future on militancy. It depicts a simple future form in nature. Thus, as it is already in the said simple future tense, no further improvement is required.
Hence option 4 is correct.

• राजभवन‍ का विग्रह ‘राजा का भवन’ होगा।
• राजभवन शब्द में तत्पुरुष समास है।

Key Pointsतत्पुरुष समास​ :

• तत्पुरुष समास वह होता है, जिसमें उत्तरपद प्रधान होता है, अर्थात प्रथम पद गौण होता है एवं उत्तर पद की प्रधानता होती है व समास करते वक़्त बीच की विभक्ति का लोप हो जाता है।
• इस समास में आने वाले कारक चिन्हों को, से, के लिए, से, का/के/की, में, पर आदि का लोप होता है।

उदाहरण :

• ग्रामवासी शब्द का विग्रह : ग्राम का निवासी।
• धर्मग्रंथ शब्द का विग्रह : धर्म का ग्रंथ।
• मांसाहारी शब्द का विग्रह : मांस को खाने वाला।

Additional Information

समास:- समास उस प्रक्रिया को कहते हैं, जिसमें दो शब्द मिलाकर उनके बीच के संबंधसूचक आदि का लोप करके नया शब्द बनाया जाता है।
समास के माध्यम से कम शब्दों में अधिक अर्थ प्रकट किया जाता है।
जैसे - युद्धभूमि - युद्ध के लिए भूमि।

• समास के छः प्रकार हैं।
  • अव्ययीभाव समास
  • सतत्पुरुष समास
  • कर्मधारय समास
  • द्विगु समास
  • द्वन्द समास
  • बहुव्रीहि समास

दिए गए विकल्पों में सही उत्तर विकल्प 3 ‘देशाटन’ है। अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित उत्तर हैं।

Key Points

• देशाटन का अर्थ होता है:- देश भ्रमण, पर्यटन करना।
• देशाटन का समास विग्रह:-
  • देश में अटन (भ्रमण)।
• अतः देशाटन शब्द तत्पुरुष समास का उदहारण है। क्योंकि यहाँ “का“ विभक्ति का लोप हुआ है। अतः सही उत्तर देशाटन होगा ।

अन्य विकल्प:-

Additional Information

• समास का तात्पर्य है ‘संक्षिप्तीकरण’। हिन्दी व्याकरण में समास का शाब्दिक अर्थ होता है छोटा रूप; जब दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों से मिलकर जो नया और छोटा शब्द बनता है उस शब्द को हिन्दी में समास कहते हैं।
• समास के उदाहरण:-
  • रसोई के लिए घर इसे हम रसोईघर भी कह सकते हैं।
  • राजा का पुत्र’ – राजपुत्र
• समास के निम्नलिखित छह भेद होते हैं—
• अव्ययीभाव समास - यदि एक शब्द की पुनरावृत्ति हो और दोनों शब्द मिलकर अव्यय की तरह प्रयोग हों वहाँ पर अव्ययीभाव समास होता है संस्कृत में उपसर्ग युक्त पद भी अव्ययीभाव समास ही मने जाते हैं।
• उदाहरण:-
  • प्रतिवर्ष =हर वर्ष
  • आजन्म = जन्म से लेकर
• तत्पुरुष समास - इस समास में दूसरा पद प्रधान होता है। यह कारक से जुदा समास होता है। इसमें ज्ञातव्य – विग्रह में जो कारक प्रकट होता है उसी कारक वाला वो समास होता है। इसे बनाने में दो पदों के बीच कारक चिन्हों का लोप हो जाता है उसे तत्पुरुष समास कहते हैं।
• उदाहरण:-
  • देश के लिए भक्ति = देशभक्ति
  • राजा का महल = राजमहल
• कर्मधारय समास - इस समास का उत्तर पद प्रधान होता है। इस समास में विशेषण -विशेष्य और उपमेय -उपमान से मिलकर बनते हैं उसे कर्मधारय समास कहते हैं।
• उदाहरण:-
  • पीताम्बर =पीत है जो अम्बर
  • महात्मा =महान है जो आत्मा
• द्विगु समास - द्विगु समास में पूर्वपद संख्यावाचक होता है और कभी-कभी उत्तरपद भी संख्यावाचक होता हुआ देखा जा सकता है। इस समास में प्रयुक्त संख्या किसी समूह को दर्शाती है किसी अर्थ को नहीं |इससे समूह और समाहार का बोध होता है। उसे द्विगु समास कहते हैं।
• उदाहरण:-
  • नवग्रह = नौ ग्रहों का समूह
  • दोपहर = दो पहरों का समाहार
• द्वन्द समास - इस समास में दोनों पद ही प्रधान होते हैं इसमें किसी भी पद का गौण नहीं होता है। ये दोनों पद एक-दूसरे पद के विलोम होते हैं लेकिन ये हमेशा नहीं होता है। इसका विग्रह करने पर और, अथवा, या, एवं का प्रयोग होता है उसे द्वंद्व समास कहते हैं।
• उदाहरण:-
  • जलवायु = जल और वायु
  • अपना-पराया = अपना या पराया
• बहुव्रीहि समास - इस समास में कोई भी पद प्रधान नहीं होता। जब दो पद मिलकर तीसरा पद बनाते हैं तब वह तीसरा पद प्रधान होता है। इसका विग्रह करने पर “वाला है, जो, जिसका, जिसकी, जिसके, वह” आदि आते हैं वह बहुब्रीहि समास कहलाता है।
• उदाहरण:-
  • गजानन = गज का आनन है जिसका (गणेश)
  • त्रिनेत्र =तीन नेत्र हैं जिसके (शिव)

Given

Ratio of principal and amount is 4 : 5 at a certain time. If it becomes 5 : 7 after 3 years

Concept used

Rate = (interest × 100)/(Principal × time)

Calculation

Principal : Amount = 4 : 5

Principal be equal 

Multiply the first ratio with 25 and second with 20

⇒ (4 : 5) × 25 

⇒ (5 : 7) × 20

Principal : Amount = 100 : 125

Principal : Amount = 100 : 140

Difference in amount = 140 - 125

Difference in Amount = 15

3 year = 15

1 year = 5

Rate = (interest × 100) / Principal × time

Rate = 

Rate = 5%

∴ The required simple rate of interest is 5%.

Pedagogy relates to the “how”, or practice of educating. It refers to the interactive process between teacher and learner and the learning environment”.

Key Points

• The interactions between learner and teacher and the experiences of the learners are one of the most significant factors explaining the effects of care and early education on children’s learning and development.
• Pedagogy must remain child-centered, and developmentally appropriate, with an emphasis on play-based learning.
• Play-based learning is found to be a highly effective method in enhancing children’s socio-emotional and academic development.
• The play has been found to mostly contribute to a child’s development when it is regarded as meaningful, i.e. has the explicit purpose to teach a child something such as a puzzle or constructional materials.
• Research indicates that unguided free play is often less effective in stimulating early learning as compared to guided free space. 
• Implementing a child-centered pedagogy, combined with specific teacher-managed activities and a high level of assistance, stimulates the development of academic skills such as numeracy and literacy, and children also demonstrate higher levels of well-being and motivation to learn.

Hence, we conclude that the Playway method is the best pedagogical process in early literacy.

Development refers to an increase in structure for better and enhanced functioning of organs. It is a product of the interaction of heredity and environment.

• The major domains of development such as physical, cognitive, social, and emotional are developed in an integrated and holistic process.

Important Points Let's Understand in Brief:

Hence, we conclude that Areas of Human Development are Cognitive, Social, Emotional, and Physical.

Assessment is a process of gaining information about the learning of a student and making value judgments on their learning progress. It includes a qualitative and quantitative description of the learning process of students. 

Key Points

•  The purpose of Formative Assessment is to know the progress of students and teachers during the instructional process.
• It helps teachers and students monitor their progress in the teaching-learning process.
• Any type of strategies and techniques like asking questions, unit tests, class tests, observations, filling work-sheet, etc. can be used for formative assessment by a teacher.
• Continuous feedback on students’ performance will help them encourage or strengthen their learning process and remove or correct their misconceptions.
• It is equally important in their success and failure.
• Based on the assessment a teacher can modify or change their instructional strategy that enhances the performance of the students.
• Since formative assessments are for improving the teaching-learning process, the results usually are not included in the final grade.

Thus, it is concluded that formative assessments are in-process evaluations of student learning that are typically administered multiple times during a unit, course, or academic program.

Additional Information

Work Education aims at restoring dignity and respect to all types of manual work, promoting self-reliance in meeting one’s daily needs and those of one’s family and community.

• It increases productivity through the development of proper work skills and values and promotes commitment to the welfare of society through suitable programmes of social work or community service.

Key PointsThe content of Work Education comprises of three categories, i.e.,

• Self-help Activities: A programme for the satisfaction of the day-to-day needs of the students and their families.
• Community Outreach Activities: A programme for sensitization of the students towards their responsibility to satisfy the community needs.
• Pre-vocational Skill Development Activities: This is the most important programme as it is designed to prepare the students for the world of work. However, the actual selection of activities/projects/pre-vocational courses by school would depend upon the availability of natural, physical and human resources in the locality, the socioeconomic background of the community and the needs and interests of the students.  

Important Points​Following are the Community Outreach Activities:​

• Participation in the adult literacy programme.
• Plantation and care of shady/fuel/ornamental/avenue trees.
• Activities related to sensitization towards weaker sections of society.
• Volunteer work in hospitals and fairs, during natural disasters and accidents, etc.
• Studying the nutrition and health status of people in a village/city/slum/tribal area.
• Activities related to sensitization towards the needs of differently-abled and elderly persons.
• Participation in cleanliness drives in schools, community, and neighbourhood areas.
• Helping in community health programmes for enhancing the nutrition, health and environmental status of the community through door-to-door contact programmes.

Thus, it is concluded that activities related to sensitization towards the weaker sections of the society, participation in cleanliness drives in school and the neighbourhood areas, are the activities to be included in community outreach activities.

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme: The scheme was launched on 2nd October 1975. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme is one of the flagship programs of the Government of India and represents one of the world’s largest and unique programs for early childhood care and development.

Important Points

In the government sector, Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is the world‟s largest program imparting ECCE. 

Key Points

• Objectives of the scheme-
  • Improvement in the health and nutritional status of children 0-6 years and pregnant and lactating mothers.
  • Reduction in the incidence of their mortality and school drop out.
  • Provision of a firm foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child.
  • Enhancement of the maternal education and capacity to look after her own health and nutrition and that of her family.
  • Effective co-ordination of the policy and implementation among various departments and programs aimed to promote child development.
• Beneficiaries are- 
  • Children 0-6 years
  • Pregnant and Lactating mothers
  • Women 15 - 44 years 

Hence, we can conclude that the largest government-run program for Early Childhood Care and Education is Integrated Child Development Services Scheme.

Additional Information

• The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), the latest of all such programs, subsumes the strategies and programs, aimed at achieving universal elementary education of eight years.
• Rajiv Gandhi National Crèche Scheme for the Children of Working Mothers which provides daycare facilities to the children in the age group of 0-6 years from families with a monthly income of less than Rs. 12,000/-
• Meal Programme (MDM) is also called the school lunch or school meal program. As the name indicates, the children attending elementary sections of schools are the chief beneficiaries. 

The meaning of "progressive education" depends on the meaning assigned to the word 'progress'. Progress implies movement and movement involves changes in some direction. 

• 'progressive education', is that body of educational thought that nourished in the fertile mind of John Dewey. 
• According to John Dewey, “Education is reconstruction or reorganisation of experience which adds to the meaning of experience and which increases the ability to direct the course of subsequent experiences.”

Key Points

• The assessment usually measures how much content (concepts and skill) has been achieved by a child out of the identified content he/she was supposed to achieve in a particular class. 
• Assessment plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of teaching and learning for elementary students as it gives insight into children’s understanding and helps the teacher to reflects on her pedagogy. 
• The assessment provides learners feedback on his/her performance during classroom instruction, in unit tests, termed test, etc.
• Feedback helps learners to know about their strengths and weaknesses. Accordingly, a teacher can provide remedial inputs and learners can improve their learning. 

Thus from above-mentioned points, it is clear that in a progressive classroom, assessment of’ learners during the process of teaching-learning gives insights into children’s understanding and helps the teacher to reflects on her pedagogy. 

Socialization is the process through which communities transact or educate their members about the norms and values of society to be socially acceptable.

• It simply refers to acquiring the socially approved ways of behavior and taking ideal expectations seriously.
• Socialization is the continuous process of negotiating identities and shaping one’s concept of self, identity, various attitudes, and behaviors. 
• Socialization has 4 major agents namely family, school, peers, and mass media. 

Key Points Types of Socialization:

1) Primary Socialization: 

• It happens during infancy and childhood. It refers to the process where the child becomes socialized through the family in the early childhood years. 
  • This highlights that the key agent in the process of primary socialization is the family.
  • For example, a very young child in a family has little knowledge of his culture. It is through the family that the child gets to know what is accepted and what is not in a particular society.

2) Secondary Socialization: 

• It occurs once the infant passes into the childhood phase and continues into maturity. It refers to the process that begins in the later years through agencies such as neighborhood, school, and peer groups. 
  • During this phase more than the family, some other agents of socialization like the neighborhood, school, and peers’ group begin to play a role in socializing the child.
  • For example, Schools help children in learning the importance of social cohesion and unity and inculcating the informal cues about social roles through interaction.

Hence, it could be concluded that school comes under a secondary agent of socialization.

A good quality Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) programme engages young children in a variety of theme-based experiences, inspiring them to explore their immediate world. Theme based integrated ECCE programmes create activities and experiences around an idea or theme and offer many opportunities where young children learn in enabling environments that are stimulating, emotionally supportive and inclusive. Theme based learning nurtures holistic development in every child and empowers them to use their capacities to become successful learners.  

Key Points

The purpose of evaluation at the preschool stage is not to label a child as ‘pass’ or ‘fail’. The program evaluation team should take the following steps first as it begins the process of conducting a comprehensive evaluation of an early childhood program-

• Reviewing the program's current philosophy-
  • Such studies yield requisite data and background information about learners including their instructional needs. These needs, which emerge from such field studies, are called the felt needs of that particular learner group. Reviewing teachers and employers can also help to indicate what they perceive to Existing data analysis: be the needs of certain learner groups. 
• Goals- 
  • National and social goals as enshrined in the 8 constitutions, policy documents and articulated by National Education Policies, social actions, religious and cultural groups influence curriculum, For instance, Course Design: Basics if the societal goals are to promote values like curriculum development & to give it due consideration. 
• Objectives- In general, educational objectives serve various purposes. Important among them are as follows:
  • Objectives help us to define and indicate the general direction of the curriculum.
  • Objectives help us to define, select and concretize the final shape, size structure, sequence and relevance of curricular content and coursewares for particular groups of learners and for specific levels of instruction.  

Thus from the above-mentioned points it is clear that reviewing the program's current philosophy, goals, and objectives are the steps should a program evaluation team take first as it begins the process of conducting a comprehensive evaluation of an early childhood program.

The parameters which must be considered while choosing the teaching methodologies include:
Capacity of the students: Choosing lecture method to teach 6th grade student will not help the teacher to attain his goal of teaching because the child cannot understand the concept just by mere lecturing. Hence to such grade, demonstration method of teaching must be chosen.
Content: Based upon the content, the teacher should decide the methodology.
Nature of the subject: Before deciding the method of teaching, the instructor must keep in mind the nature of the subject because the methods of teaching of science-based subjects is different from those of humanities.

The principle of homogeneity of dimensions states that “For an equation to be dimensionally correct, the dimensions of each term on LHS must be equal to the dimensions of each term on RHS.”

In ohm's law, we check V = IR where I is the current flowing through a resistor and V is the potential difference across that resistor. Only option (a) fits the above criteria.
NOTE : Remember that ammeter is connected in series with resistance and voltmeter parallel with the net resistance.

The voltage developed by the cells in parallel connection cannot be increased by increasing the number of cells present in the circuit. It is because they do not have the same circular path. In parallel connection the connection provides power based on one cell.
The voltage will remain the same.

Explanation:

Total power required to overcome a force of 165 N and to maintain a speed of 9.00 m/s

F = 165N

v = 9m/s

P = Fv = 165 x 9 = 1485 W

if each rider contribute equal power, then power required per rider will be P/2 = 1485/2 = 742.5W

Electric flux is given by  since amount of charge not depends on size and shape so by making radius <  double the amount of charge remain same so electric flux remain same.

As the power of 10 is irrelevant in the determination of significant figures hence, the numbers of significant figures are 5 i.e. 9,4,6,0,5

Both the objects with different masses will attain the same v when striking the ground because acceleration and height is the same. 
As, K.E=(1​/2)mv²P.E=−GMm​p/r=mv
Thus K.E, P.E, and p will be different.
 

In a uniformly charged hollow conducting sphere

According to Ohm's law R=V/I​ 
Where R= resistance, V= Voltage, I= Current
Also R  is directly proportional to temperature T and inversely proportional to the slope.
∴ from the above example
R₁​∝T₁​ and R₂​∝T₂​
but from given figure R₁​<R₂​
∴T_1​<T₂

Explanation:By using the phenomenon of mutual induction, transformers allow us to easily change voltage of AC. This is necessary to cut down poer losses while supplying electricity to our homes

If a resonant mechanical structure is set in motion and left to its own devices, it will continue to oscillate at a particular frequency known as its natural frequency, or "damped natural frequency". This will be a little lower in frequency than the resonant frequency, which is the frequency it would assume if there were no damping. The resonant frequency is also called the "undamped natural frequency”

In free space, neither acceleration due to gravity for external torque act on the rotating solid sphere. Therefore, taking the same mass of sphere if the radius is increased then a moment of inertia, rotational kinetic energy and angular velocity will change but according to the law of conservation of momentum, angular momentum will not change.
In free space, neither acceleration due to gravity for external torque act on the rotating solid sphere. Therefore, taking the same mass of sphere if the radius is increased then a moment of inertia, rotational kinetic energy and angular velocity will change but according to the law of conservation of momentum, angular momentum will not change.