Logical Reasoning- 7 Free MCQ Practice Test with Solutions

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 1

Passage - 1

The blind Argentinean librarian and writer Jorge Luis Borges imagined paradise to be a kind of library. At the turn of the century, a lot of us were concerned about the future of books with digital publishing becoming the norm of the day. But people continue to read books, whether as a bound copy or as e-books on their handheld readers or tabs. What has changed perhaps is the drive to read, or rather the motivation. Relevance of the subject matter now impacts the reading contours of the people.

Which of the following statements is consistent with the reading pattern of people that has been discussed by the author?

A.
People these days tend to read only those books that are considered to be modish.
B.
People these days tend to read only those books that are considered to be antiquated and equivocal.
C.
People seldom read books, other than comic series, fashion magazines and news from the film world.
D.
People have become very busy and hence, they prefer to read e-books because they can be carried anywhere.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 1

Option (b) goes against the crux of the statement. Anything that is antiquated is irrelevant. In the given caselet, there is nothing to suggest that people seldom read books or have become very busy. In fact, the author says that “people continue to read books”. “Modish” means “contemporary” or relevant to the age. Hence, (a) is the answer.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 2

Passage - 1

The blind Argentinean librarian and writer Jorge Luis Borges imagined paradise to be a kind of library. At the turn of the century, a lot of us were concerned about the future of books with digital publishing becoming the norm of the day. But people continue to read books, whether as a bound copy or as e-books on their handheld readers or tabs. What has changed perhaps is the drive to read, or rather the motivation. Relevance of the subject matter now impacts the reading contours of the people.

Which of the following statements can be a possible logical corollary to the given paragraph?

A.
Readers have a herd mentality and their reading habits are mostly determined by the majoritarian socio-economic and political policies.
B.
Digital publishing will drastically bring down cost because people will no longer have to buy books and carry them.
C.
The concept of digital publishing will very soon become redundant and replaced by the traditional mode of publishing once again.
D.
The social media determines the reading habit of people to a large extent.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 2

Since the passage talks about relevance, social media can be a possible factor because it is a phenomenon of the present day. There is nothing to suggest that the traditional publishing style will replace digital publishing. Option (b) is incorrect because there is nothing to suggest that the cost of books will come down. Furthermore, the reader will have to buy an appropriate device with the help of which s/he can read a book in digital form. Relevance of the subject matter doesn’t always refer to majoritarian policies. Even a marginalized or subaltern individual might find an issue relevant to his or her own existence. Hence, option (a) is negated.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 3

Passage - 1

The blind Argentinean librarian and writer Jorge Luis Borges imagined paradise to be a kind of library. At the turn of the century, a lot of us were concerned about the future of books with digital publishing becoming the norm of the day. But people continue to read books, whether as a bound copy or as e-books on their handheld readers or tabs. What has changed perhaps is the drive to read, or rather the motivation. Relevance of the subject matter now impacts the reading contours of the people.

Which of the following, if true, contradicts Luis Borges’ perception about library?

A.
A library has the potential to enhance the dissemination of knowledge and understanding of concepts by individuals.
B.
A library is the most appropriate agency to facilitate transfer of learning and synthesis of knowledge.
C.
The type of books that are kept in a library are determined by vested interests of those in power.
D.
Most monarchs from across the world spent significant time in libraries and read scriptures, books and discourses

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 3

Option (c) if true indicates that a library might act as an agency of propaganda and not a repository of knowledge. Hence, it is not a desirable state. Options (a) and (b) actually strengthen the perception that was stated by Luis Borges. Option (d) is out of scope.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 4

Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

When we corked open the champagne on January 1, 2010, we believed technology was a force leading us to a digitally enabled Promised Land. In the bright future that beckoned, all the world’s knowledge would be at everyone’s fingertips and 1984 would be just another book on the shelf rather than one that should be re-read for its cautionary tale of modern tyranny. Fast-forward as we ready to uncork the champagne once again, this time to greet the Roaring ’20s and even more disruption than we saw in the teen decade lies ahead. Quick-fire technological change has opened up whole new landscapes and minefields. Back in the early days of the past decade, we still thought we’d shape technology. Right now, though, that’s not happened and you’re happily working from home as you can be “virtually” in touch with your office 24x7. With the help of data mining, information has become freely accessible.

Out of the following options, which one is the most appropriate logical corollary to the given passage?

A.
The government will now act as a watchdog and keep an eye on invasion of privacy by data mining companies.
B.
Individual privacy can become one of the biggest casualties in today’s age of easily accessible information.
C.
Employers will ask their employees to be on their toes 24X7 because virtual work has become a reality nowadays, thanks to the enhanced technological advancements.
D.
People have the option to safeguard their personal information from being pilfered by companies and organisations with ulterior motive.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 4

Refer to the last sentence of the caselet. Option is the most appropriate logical corollary because data mining might lead to an invasion of privacy. Option (c) is out of scope because there is nothing to suggest that employers will now ask employees to work 24x7. Option (a) is out of scope because there is nothing to suggest that the government will step up its surveillance. Option (d) is wrong because the given passage does not give us any information on whether people have the option to safeguard their private space. Option (d) is merely a conjecture.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 5

Read the following passage and answer the question that follow:

When we corked open the champagne on January 1, 2010, we believed technology was a force leading us to a digitally enabled Promised Land. In the bright future that beckoned, all the world’s knowledge would be at everyone’s fingertips and 1984 would be just another book on the shelf rather than one that should be re-read for its cautionary tale of modern tyranny. Fast-forward as we ready to uncork the champagne once again, this time to greet the Roaring ’20s and even more disruption than we saw in the teen decade lies ahead. Quick-fire technological change has opened up whole new landscapes and minefields. Back in the early days of the past decade, we still thought we’d shape technology. Right now, though, that’s not happened and you’re happily working from home as you can be “virtually” in touch with your office 24x7. With the help of data mining, information has become freely accessible.

The author of the passage is most likely to agree with which of the following statements:

A.
Technological advancements in today’s age have both pros and cons.
B.
Technological advancements are fraught only with dangers.
C.
Thanks to technological advancements, seminal texts have become redundant and obsolete.
D.
Technological advancements will ultimately lead to the downfall of human civilization.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 5

Option (a) is the correct answer when we analyse the following sentence: “Quick-fire technological change has opened up whole new landscapes and minefields.” The author never says that technological advancements are fraught only with risks. There are positive aspects as well. The author mentions that knowledge will be at everyone’s fingertips. He doesn’t mention the redundancy of a seminal text. Option (d) is out of scope.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 6

Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

When we corked open the champagne on January 1, 2010, we believed technology was a force leading us to a digitally enabled Promised Land. In the bright future that beckoned, all the world’s knowledge would be at everyone’s fingertips and 1984 would be just another book on the shelf rather than one that should be re-read for its cautionary tale of modern tyranny. Fast-forward as we ready to uncork the champagne once again, this time to greet the Roaring ’20s and even more disruption than we saw in the teen decade lies ahead. Quick-fire technological change has opened up whole new landscapes and minefields. Back in the early days of the past decade, we still thought we’d shape technology. Right now, though, that’s not happened and you’re happily working from home as you can be “virtually” in touch with your office 24x7. With the help of data mining, information has become freely accessible.

Out of the following options, which one can be inferred from the given passage?

A.
Technological advancements have been the maximum in the past decade.
B.
Technological advancements have been largely influenced by the political environment of a country.
C.
Technological advancements have witnessed a quantum leap towards altruism.
D.
The perception of technological advancements has changed over the years.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 6

Refer to the sentences: “When we corked open the champagne on January 1,2010, we believed technology was a force leading us to a digitally enabled Promised Land. In the bright future that beckoned, all the world’s knowledge would be at everyone’s fingertips and 1984 would be just another book on the shelf rather than one that should be reread for its cautionary tale of modern tyranny. Fast- forward as we ready to uncork the champagne once again, this time to greet the Roaring ’20s and even more disruption than we saw in the teen decade lies ahead.” Options (a) and (b) are out of scope. In the light of the passage, options (a) and (b) cannot be inferred. Option (c) is wrong because the author lists many disadvantages of technological advancements.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 7

Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

As infrastructure investments (as a proportion of GDP) have fallen sharply over the twelfth five year plan period (2013-17), attempts to revive the investment cycle are welcome. However, considering that infrastructure investment over the past six years adds up to Rs 51.2 lakh crore, doubling this over the next six years is a tall order. These are not normal times. The economy has slowed down considerably. The financial system remains choked. Add to that an overleveraged corporate sector that is in no mood to invest, and achieving these targets looks increasingly difficult. And a broad-based pick-up in growth is unlikely in the near term. Reviving the investment cycle requires more than just ambitious targets.

The author of the passage is most likely to agree with which of the following statements:

A.
The economy needs no remedial measures whatsoever and it can be revived naturally.
B.
The present situation in the country is conducive for the improvement of the economy.
C.
The need of the hour is a carefully thought through road map.
D.
Ambitious targets have the potential to influence and inspire the economy in a positive way.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 7

It is quite evident that setting up of ambitious targets is not enough. Hence, option (c) is the most appropriate answer choice. Option (a) is wrong because in the light of the passage, it is evident that the economy needs to be addressed. Option (b) can be ruled out because the author makes it clear throughout the passage that the present economy needs to be worked upon.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 8

Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

As infrastructure investments (as a proportion of GDP) have fallen sharply over the twelfth five year plan period (2013-17), attempts to revive the investment cycle are welcome. However, considering that infrastructure investment over the past six years adds up to Rs 51.2 lakh crore, doubling this over the next six years is a tall order. These are not normal times. The economy has slowed down considerably. The financial system remains choked. Add to that an overleveraged corporate sector that is in no mood to invest, and achieving these targets looks increasingly difficult. And a broad-based pick-up in growth is unlikely in the near term. Reviving the investment cycle requires more than just ambitious targets.

In support of which of the following does the author mentions “that an overleveraged corporate sector that is in no mood to invest”:

A.
The corporate sector has been overly exploited by governments and the vested interests of the political circles.
B.
Investment by corporates can have a positive impact on providing the much needed succor to the financial system.
C.
Investment by corporates is the only way to improve the economy of a country.
D.
The corporate sector has been completely sidelined by the government and so, the economy has been affected.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 8

Option (b) mentions exactly the same thing as the quoted sentence in the given question. We don’t know whether investment by corporates is the only way to improve the economy. There can be other ways too. Hence, option (c) is wrong. Option (d) is wrong because the passage does not mention whether the corporate sector has been completely sidelined by the government. Option (a) is again out of scope and cannot be inferred in the light of the passage.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 9

Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

As infrastructure investments (as a proportion of GDP) have fallen sharply over the twelfth five year plan period (2013-17), attempts to revive the investment cycle are welcome. However, considering that infrastructure investment over the past six years adds up to Rs 51.2 lakh crore, doubling this over the next six years is a tall order. These are not normal times. The economy has slowed down considerably. The financial system remains choked. Add to that an overleveraged corporate sector that is in no mood to invest, and achieving these targets looks increasingly difficult. And a broad-based pick-up in growth is unlikely in the near term. Reviving the investment cycle requires more than just ambitious targets.

The author’s usage of the word ‘choked’ in the passage implies which of the following?

A.
The economy is doomed and cannot be revived in any way.
B.
The economy has to be revived by adopting the socialist ways of managing finance.
C.
The economy has witnessed some significant downfalls that had never happened before.
D.
The economy is in a pitiable state and is in urgent need of revival.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 9

Option (a) is too extreme. Option (c) cannot be inferred. In the light of the passage, we are not sure if the economic downturn is happening for the first time. Option (b) is out of scope.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 10

Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

As infrastructure investments (as a proportion of GDP) have fallen sharply over the twenty-five year plan period (2013-17), attempts to revive the investment cycle are welcome. However, considering that infrastructure investment over the past six years adds up to Rs 51.2 lakh crore, doubling this over the next six years is a tall order. These are not normal times. The economy has slowed down considerably. The financial system remains choked. Add to that an overleveraged corporate sector that is in no mood to invest, and achieving these targets looks increasingly difficult. And a broad-based pick-up in growth is unlikely in the near term. Reviving the investment cycle requires more than just ambitious targets.

The logical corollary to the observation made by the author in relation to investment by corporates is best reflected in which of the following options:

A.
These need to be supplemented with measures to address the weaknesses in the current public-private partnership models.
B.
Banks are wary of long gestation projects which will expose them to risks of asset-liability mismatches.
C.
Given the state of government (Centre and state) finances, creating the necessary fiscal space for this kind of investment push requires rationalizing subsidies such as food and fertilizer.
D.
If one ticks the boxes, for an organisation that is so old and somewhat resistant to change, it is remarkable that so many reforms have been introduced since 2014.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 10

Option (c) is an extension of the argument put forth by the author in the passage. Option (a) is out of scope and has no connection to investment by corporates whatsoever. Options (b) and (d) are out of scope as well.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 11

Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

We are bombarded with misguided advertisements that give advice on healthy eating, and this has had the effect of making food seem hugely complicated. People are demoralized because they are trying to follow this advice, yet they are getting fatter and fatter. For lots of people, food has become a minefield of dos and don’ts and a relaxed appreciation of the pleasures of eating has got a bit lost along the way. In fact, eating well is simple when you apply a few fundamental principles.

What can be concluded from the above?

A.
Advertisements have continuously misguided the general public about healthy eating.
B.
In our pursuit of healthy eating, we have forgotten the small pleasures of eating.
C.
The do’s and don’ts of healthy eating have become an integral part of our lives.
D.
Eating becomes healthy only if we apply some basic rules to it.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 11

The use of ‘continuously’ in option (a) and ‘only’ in option (d) makes these two incorrect, as they are extreme in their analysis. Option (c) contradicts the information given in the passage. This makes option (b) correct.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 12

Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

We are bombarded with misguided advertisements that give advice on healthy-eating, and this has had the effect of making food seem hugely complicated. People are demoralized because they are trying to follow this advice, yet they are getting fatter and fatter. For lots of people, food has become a minefield of dos and don’ts and a relaxed appreciation of the pleasures of eating has got a bit lost along the way. In fact, eating well is simple when you apply a few fundamental principles.

Which of the following proverbs is the closest in meaning to the central argument made in the passage?

A.
Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dinner like a pauper.
B.
One cannot think well, love well and sleep well if one has not dined well.
C.
Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm.
D.
Success is neither magical nor mysterious; it is the natural consequence of consistently applying the basic fundamentals.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 12

Refer to the lines, “For lots of people, food has become a minefield of do’s and don’ts and a relaxed appreciation of the pleasures of eating has got a bit lost along the way. In fact, eating well is simple when you apply a few fundamental principles.” Thus, the author wishes to highlight the importance of focusing on the basics while considering a healthy lifestyle. The proverb that captures this relationship is given in option (d). The other options are unrelated.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 13

Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

We are bombarded with misguided advertisements that give advice on healthy eating, and this has had the effect of making food seem hugely complicated. People are demoralized because they are trying to follow this advice, yet they are getting fatter and fatter. For lots of people, food has become a minefield of dos and don’ts and a relaxed appreciation of the pleasures of eating has got a bit lost along the way. In fact, eating well is simple when you apply a few fundamental principles.

Which of the following is not another possible explanation for the paradox presented in the passage?

A.
People tend to follow food fads and dietary shortcuts without checking their suitability.
B.
There is easy access to unhealthy and junk food in the market.
C.
The lifestyle of most people has become sedentary and there is a lack of physical activity.
D.
The media and entertainment industry glorify an unrealistically thin body image.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 13

The paradox that is discussed in the passage is that inspite of following health advices, people are getting fatter and fatter. Thus, it is possible that there are some other factors that are contributing to this rise in obesity. Options (a), (b) and (c) all provide alternative explanations for this paradox. However, option (d) does not resolve it.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 14

Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

We are bombarded with misguided advertisements that give advice on healthy-eating, and this has had the effect of making food seem hugely complicated. People are demoralized because they are trying to follow this advice, yet they are getting fatter and fatter. For lots of people, food has become a minefield of dos and don’ts and a relaxed appreciation of the pleasures of eating has got a bit lost along the way. In fact, eating well is simple when you apply a few fundamental principles.

Neha, a dietician by profession, reads this article and decides to revamp her offerings based on it. Which of the following will be in line with the argument presented in the passage?

A.
A comprehensive diet plan that focusses on managing daily dietary intake of various food groups.
B.
A seminar that discusses the pros and cons of the most popular diets in the market.
C.
A diet plan along the lines of the one followed by Ms. Tamara-the country’s current top model who is famous for her exotic food choices.
D.
A comparative analysis of the superfoods trending right now, especially those that are rare and difficult to source.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 14

The passage clearly states that eating well is simply a process of applying a few basic principles. Thus, any focus on superfoods or trending diets or exotic food items will prove contrary to the idea discussed. Hence, Neha should focus on developing a diet plan that emphasizes on eating properly and one that talks about the normal food habits of people.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 15

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

Anita: I sold my house through a real estate agent last year and was happy with the price that I received. My house was sold quickly, and I did not have to suffer any advertising hassles. I would advise against selling your house through Internet websites, newspapers or magazine listings.

Babita: It is in the interest of Internet websites, newspapers and magazines to get me the best price for my property because they are a relatively new medium wanting to establish themselves. Besides, their fee is dependent on the selling price. Therefore, while selling my house I will certainly use Internet websites, newspapers or magazine listings rather than trying to sell the house through a real estate agent.

All of the following statements are strengthening Babita’s argument. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A.
Both mediums are different, so it is unfair to compare them.
B.
Houses often obtain a lower price when sold through a real estate agent.
C.
Some customers pay these Internet websites, newspapers and magazines to find them a less-expensive house.
D.
The Internet website, newspaper and magazine services include many add-on benefits in terms of legal advice, market report and advice that a real estate agent usually hides.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 15

The main point of contention between Anita’s and Babita’s arguments is the price obtained for properties sold through the two mediums—real estate agents and online mediums. While Anita believes that houses sold through real estate agents fetch a good price, Babita believes that sales made through Internet websites, newspapers and magazines get the best price. The reason she gives for the same is that these mediums are relatively new, and they want to establish themselves. Besides, their fee is also dependent on the selling price. All the arguments given strengthen Babita’s claim except option (c). If there are people who pay these websites to find them a less expensive house, then it is plausible that these websites will actually try to sell the houses at a lower price, as it would result in greater benefit for them.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 16

Direction : Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

Anita: I sold my house through a real estate agent last year and was happy with the price that I received. My house was sold quickly, and I did not have to suffer any advertising hassles. I would advise against selling your house through Internet websites, newspapers or magazine listings.

Babita: It is in the interest of Internet websites, newspapers and magazines to get me the best price for my property because they are a relatively new medium wanting to establish themselves. Besides, their fee is dependent on the selling price. Therefore, while selling my house I will certainly use Internet websites, newspapers or magazine listings rather than trying to sell the house through a real estate agent.

Which of the following weakens Anita’s claim?

A.
A recent research by the Ministry of housing has shown that the average time taken by real estate agents to sell a house is much more than the time taken to close a deal through online portals.
B.
There are a lot of processes and paperwork involved in placing advertisements in newspapers and magazines.
C.
Real estate agents usually share a personal relationship with the parties involved which makes the entire experience hassle-free and convenient.
D.
A study of the major international agencies has revealed that there has been a marked increase in the online sale and purchase of properties across the world.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 16

The reasons for Anita preferring real estate agents are:

Good price
Quick sale
No advertising hassles

Any statement that challenges any of these attributes will weaken her claim. Thus, option (a) which states that real estate agents actually take more time to make a sale is the correct answer. Options (b) and (c) strengthen her claim while option (d) goes beyond the scope of the passage. It is not necessary that international trends will be applicable in a local setting as well.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 17

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

Anita: I sold my house through a real estate agent last year and was happy with the price that I received. My house was sold quickly, and I did not have to suffer any advertising hassles. I would advise against selling your house through Internet websites, newspapers or magazine listings.

Babita: It is in the interest of Internet websites, newspapers and magazines to get me the best price for my property because they are a relatively new medium wanting to establish themselves. Besides, their fee is dependent on the selling price. Therefore, while selling my house I will certainly use Internet websites, newspapers or magazine listings rather than trying to sell the house through a real estate agent.

Which of the following is the closest to the argument made by Babita in terms of its underlying rationale?

A.
Inspite of the proliferation of online shopping websites, people still prefer the personalized experience of bricks-and-mortar stores.
B.
A lot of luxury brands provide an online shopping experience as well, but their focus remains on exclusivity and image rather than affordable prices.
C.
Online auction sites are trying to build a loyal tribe of auctioneers by focusing on customer satisfaction and competitive pricing.
D.
The return policies on most shopping portals seem to be crafted to deter the customer but there is an underlying rationale that makes business sense.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 17

Babita’s main argument is that internet sites, newspapers and magazines try to get the best deals for their customers as they want to establish themselves in the market and because their own commissions are dependent on the selling prices. The only option that mirrors this rationale is option (c). Options (a) and (d) actually work in favor of Anita’s argument. Option (b) is not directly related to Babita’s claim.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 18

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

With that deadline now a decade away, the world is set to miss most of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Just two of them — eliminating preventable deaths among newborns and under-fives and getting children into primary schools — are closest among all the goals of being achieved. By contrast, the goal to eliminate extreme poverty will not be met because some 430 million people are expected still to be living in such conditions in 2030. Targets to end hunger and to protect climate and biodiversity are completely off track. Whereas some of the richer countries are making a degree of progress in the SDGs overall, two-thirds of poorer ones are not expected to meet those that relate even to their most basic needs.

What can be concluded from the above?

A.
Sustainable development remains a utopia for most of the world.
B.
There is a lack of commitment to the SDGs among most of the developed countries
C.
The world is close to eliminating preventable deaths among newborns.
D.
Today, every child in the world is enrolled in a primary school.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 18

Refer to the opening lines of the passage. It clearly states that “Just two of them — eliminating preventable deaths among newborns and under- fives and getting children into primary schools — are closest among all the goals to being achieved.” From this, option (c) can be inferred. Option (a) is a vague statement that has no relation with the facts presented in the passage. Options (b) and (d) contradict the information given in the passage.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 19

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the question that follow:

With that deadline now a decade away, the world is set to miss most of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Just two of them — eliminating preventable deaths among newborns and under-fives and getting children into primary schools — are closest among all the goals of being achieved. By contrast, the goal to eliminate extreme poverty will not be met because some 430 million people are expected still to be living in such conditions in 2030. Targets to end hunger and to protect climate and biodiversity are completely off track. Whereas some of the richer countries are making a degree of progress in the SDGs overall, two-thirds of poorer ones are not expected to meet those that relate even to their most basic needs.

Which of the following facts agree with the claims made in the passage?

A.
Hunger is the number one cause of death in the world, killing more than HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis combined.
B.
In Western Asia and North Africa, ongoing armed conflict has seen an increase in the number of children out of school.
C.
In developing countries, one in four girls is not in school.
D.
Poverty, as measured by living on less than $1.25 a day, has halved.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 19

The passage claims that targets with respect to eliminating poverty and removing hunger are completely off track. The information that supports this claim is given in option (a). The passage states that the goal of getting children into primary schools is close to being met, but the information given in options (b) and (c) talks about schooling in general. Hence, they can be eliminated. Option (d) actually challenges the information in the passage.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 20

Direction : Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

With that deadline now a decade away, the world is set to miss most of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Just two of them — eliminating preventable deaths among newborns and under-fives and getting children into primary schools — are closest among all the goals of being achieved. By contrast, the goal to eliminate extreme poverty will not be met because some 430 million people are expected still to be living in such conditions in 2030. Targets to end hunger and to protect climate and biodiversity are completely off track. Whereas some of the richer countries are making a degree of progress in the SDGs overall, two-thirds of poorer ones are not expected to meet those that relate even to their most basic needs.

With regards to the achievement of the SDGs, what is the one inference that can be drawn based on the information given above?

A.
One-third of the developing countries have met the SDGs with regards to basic needs.
B.
All the developed countries have met the SDGs with regards to basic needs.
C.
The majority of the world population will still be living in extreme poverty in 2030.
D.
Protection of climate and biodiversity remains a challenge for all countries.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 20

The passage mentions that two-thirds of poorer ones are not expected to meet those that relate even to their most basic needs. From this, we cannot make inferences about the remaining one-third countries. Firstly, we don’t know whether poorer and developing refer to the same countries or not. Also, no information has been provided regarding the developed countries and their SDGs. Though commonsense suggests that these countries would have met the SDGs regarding basic needs, we cannot make any inferences based on external knowledge. Similarly, though the passage states that some 430 million people are expected still to be living in such conditions in 2030, we cannot conclude whether this is a majority or just a significant part of the population. Only option (d) is the correct inference that can be drawn based on the statement, “Targets to end hunger and to protect climate and biodiversity are completely off track.”

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 21

Direction : Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

A minimalist understanding of architectural elements and accents ensued in deeply contemplative as well as immaculate design frames that spoke about the enchantment of jute, yarn and cotton thread in the solo of Purvai Rai painting at Art Alive exhibition. Purvai’s compositions contained the power of devotion in design in the sequence of threading and arranging jute, yarn and cotton threads that had echoes of inner roots. The action of creating and expressing both have a ritualistic focus. “Design for me is born out of imagination and quiet discipline, I have always had an interest in the chakra,” she explains. “I feel the language of Indian design came from ancient design traditions. So I play with subtle abstraction continuously created around textile-related conversations. I explore colour, texture, pattern, and aspects of ‘textile language’, and keep an eye also on knotting. I use jute, yarn and cotton because it speaks of indigenous practices that go back into history.”

Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.
Usage of jute and cotton by the artist are inspired from history.
B.
The author has a minimalistic understanding of history.
C.
The artist refrains from exploring textual language.
D.
Design, for the artist, is born out of compassion.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 21

Refer to the last line of the passage. From it, one can clearly infer option (a). Option (b) cannot be inferred because, as per the passage, it is not true. Option (c) can be negated by referring to the following lines from the passage, “I explore colour, texture, pattern, and aspects of ‘textile language”. The passage talks about how the artist feels that design is born out of imagination. Hence, option (d) can also not be inferred from the passage.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 22

Direction : Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

A minimalist understanding of architectural elements and accents ensued in deeply contemplative as well as immaculate design frames that spoke about the enchantment of jute, yarn and cotton thread in the solo of Purvai Rai painting at Art Alive exhibition. Purvai’s compositions contained the power of devotion in design in the sequence of threading and arranging jute, yarn and cotton threads that had echoes of inner roots. The action of creating and expressing both have a ritualistic focus. “Design for me is born out of imagination and quiet discipline, I have always had an interest in the chakra,” she explains. “I feel the language of Indian design came from ancient design traditions. So I play with subtle abstraction continuously created around textile-related conversations. I explore colour, texture, pattern, and aspects of ‘textile language’, and keep an eye also on knotting. I use jute, yarn and cotton because it speaks of indigenous practices that go back into history.”

Which one of the following is not consistent with the artist’s composition of Purvai Rai?

A.
Purvai Rai is reflective of the quality of devotion
B.
Purvai Rai has essential elements of ‘inner roots’
C.
Purvai Rai is woven with elements of history
D.
The art of expression in Purvai Rai drifts away from a ritualistic focus.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 22

As per the passage, options (a), (b) and (c) are consistent with the artist’s composition. Refer to the following lines from the passage, “The action of creating and expression both have a ritualistic focus”. This nullifies the argument presented in option (d). Hence, it is the correct answer.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 23

Direction : Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

Since the book’s first publication in 1978, “Orientalism” has become one of those words that shuts down conversation on liberal campuses, where no one wants to be accused of being “Orientalist” any more than they want to be called racist, sexist, homophobic, or transphobic. That “Orientalist” is now a commonly applied epithet is a tribute to the power of Said’s account, but also to its vulgarization. With Orientalism, Said wanted to open a discussion about the way the Arab-Islamic world had been imagined by the West—not to prevent a clear-eyed reckoning with the region’s problems, of which he was all too painfully aware. He was also acutely aware of writing a work of history that was destined, like all such works, to become itself a historical document, refracting the pressures and anxieties of its moment.

Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.
Said was conscious about attacking the West through his theory.
B.
Said wanted to bring forth the problems of the Arabic-Islamic region.
C.
Said was aware of his work becoming a historical document.
D.
The word ‘orientalism’ has lost impact with the passage of time.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 23

Option (a) can clearly not be inferred from the passage. Option (b) is out of scope. Orientalism has gained momentum with the passage of time, this can be inferred from the first few lines of the passage. This makes option (d) incorrect. Referring to the last line of the passage, one can clearly infer the statement presented in option (c). Thus, the correct answer is option (c).

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 24

Direction : Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

“Do you have your audience in mind when you sit down to write,” Toni Morrison was once asked. “Only me,” she replied. I love the faith she has in her own craft. This is her talking to students in Mississippi. “As I write I don’t imagine a reader or listener, ever. I am the reader and the listener myself, and I think I am an excellent reader… I mean I really know what’s going on… I have to assume that I am also this very critical, very fastidious, and not an easily-taken-in reader who is smart enough to participate in the text—a lot.” And she speaks often of loving the rewrite—” The best part of all, the absolutely most delicious part… I try to make it look like I never touched it.” It is her care for the gradually discovered story that makes us fully trust her. It is how we are intimately altered by her books, and it was why Beloved would change everything.

Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.
Morrison keeps in mind the interest of its audience while writing a book.
B.
Morrison’s narratives are based on the people around her.
C.
Morrison, while writing a book, plays multiple roles.
D.
Morrison lacks faith in the texts she writes.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 24

Referring to the first few lines of the passage, one can clearly negate option (a) as the correct answer. Option (b) is also not true in the light of the passage. Refer to the following lines from the passage, “I love the faith she has in her won craft”. This makes option (d) incorrect. While writing a book, Morrison is the reader, as well as the listener. This makes option (c) correct.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 25

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

“Do you have your audience in mind when you sit down to write,” Toni Morrison was once asked. “Only me,” she replied. I love the faith she has in her own craft. This is her talking to students in Mississippi. “As I write I don’t imagine a reader or listener, ever. I am the reader and the listener myself, and I think I am an excellent reader… I mean I really know what’s going on… I have to assume that I am also this very critical, very fastidious, and not an easily-taken-in reader who is smart enough to participate in the text—a lot.” And she speaks often of loving the rewrite—” The best part of all, the absolutely most delicious part… I try to make it look like I never touched it.” It is her care for the gradually discovered story that makes us fully trust her. It is how we are intimately altered by her books, and it was why Beloved would change everything.

The author is likely to agree with which of the following?

A.
Morrison shows great care and concern for her audience.
B.
Morrison revisits her stories and moulds it as per the requirements of the audience.
C.
The reason why her audience trusts her is because of her care for the story.
D.
The audience remains unaltered by her books.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 25

Refer to the second last line of the passage, “It is her care for the gradually discovered story that makes us fully trust her”. This clearly makes option (c) the correct answer. All other options cannot be inferred from the passage and are incorrect.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 26

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

“Do you have your audience in mind when you sit down to write,” Toni Morrison was once asked. “Only me,” she replied. I love the faith she has in her own craft. This is her talking to students in Mississippi. “As I write I don’t imagine a reader or listener, ever. I am the reader and the listener myself, and I think I am an excellent reader… I mean I really know what’s going on… I have to assume that I am also this very critical, very fastidious, and not an easily-taken-in reader who is smart enough to participate in the text—a lot.” And she speaks often of loving the rewrite—” The best part of all, the absolutely most delicious part… I try to make it look like I never touched it.” It is her care for the gradually discovered story that makes us fully trust her. It is how we are intimately altered by her books, and it was why Beloved would change everything.

Which one of the following can be concluded about the writing style of Morrison?

A.
Morrison places herself at the center of each text and all other characters are a representation of her different personality traits.
B.
Morrison’s writing has shimmering hints of autobiographical elements.
C.
Morrison revisits her older works to draw inspiration.
D.
Morrison is selfish when it comes to writing a text and thinks of no one but herself while writing.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 26

One cannot necessarily infer how the characters of Morrison’s writing are developed. Hence, option (a) is incorrect. Option (b) and (c) are out of scope and cannot be inferred from the passage. Referring to the first few lines of the passage, one can infer that Morisson only has herself in mind when writing. This makes option (d) the correct answer.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 27

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

We found in both India and Pakistan that Partition was difficult to confront and talk about. In order to talk about it, we would have to acknowledge that both sides were equally guilty, in case you can use that word. For instance, it wasn’t like the Holocaust, where you had the Jews and the Nazis. Of course, you had a range of ordinary people who allowed the violence against the Jews or benefited from it – like companies that used concentration camp labour. Unlike the Holocaust, in Partition, both sides were guilty of violence. Both sides were aggressors and victims. Often, there were histories of violence within families, which they silenced. There could have been history of complicity in the violence they subjected their own women to. Or you might have known about somebody who was attacked, but you were too helpless to stop it – and you, therefore, let that history go. Or you might have participated in violence yourself.

Which of the following would strengthen the author’s stance?

A.
There is still no proof about who was the assailant and who was the victim.
B.
Those who were victims had been assailants but those who were assailants were necessarily not victims.
C.
Silencing the histories of violence was done to safeguard the honour of the families.
D.
Partition was difficult to talk about because talking about it meant talking about the history of India.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 27

According to the passage, options (a) and (d) are out of scope and will not help in strengthening the author’ stance. Option (b) is an untrue statement and will necessarily weaken the author’s argument. Hence, it can also not be considered. Refer to the following lines from the passage, “Both sides were aggressors and victims. Often, there were histories of violence within families, which they silenced. There could have been history of complicity in the violence they subjected their own women to”. The reason why histories might not have been talked about was to safeguard the honour of the families. Thus, option (c) is the correct answer.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 28

Direction : Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

We found in both India and Pakistan that Partition was difficult to confront and talk about. In order to talk about it, we would have to acknowledge that both sides were equally guilty, in case you can use that word. For instance, it wasn’t like the Holocaust, where you had the Jews and the Nazis. Of course, you had a range of ordinary people who allowed the violence against the Jews or benefited from it – like companies that used concentration camp labour. Unlike the Holocaust, in Partition, both sides were guilty of violence. Both sides were aggressors and victims. Often, there were histories of violence within families, which they silenced. There could have been history of complicity in the violence they subjected their own women to. Or you might have known about somebody who was attacked, but you were too helpless to stop it – and you, therefore, let that history go. Or you might have participated in violence yourself.

Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?

A.
In order to talk about history, one needs to acknowledge the mistakes they have made.
B.
The concept of one side being a victim and the other being an assailant does not hold true for Partition.
C.
Violence within one’s own family contributed to the difficulty in confrontation.
D.
One can draw clear parallels between the Holocaust and the Partition in terms of the mass killings that took place and in terms of the violence inflicted on women.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 28

Options (a), (b) and (c) are clear inferences. Although option (d) is a universal inference, one simply cannot infer it in the light of the passage. Thus, the correct answer is option (d).

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 29

Direction : Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

In a monarchy, the king or queen is the head of state. However, as the UK has a constitutional monarchy, the ability to make and pass legislation belongs to Parliament rather than the Queen. The monarch retains a symbolic role in government. She formally opens Parliament every year, and when the government passes a bill, it cannot become an Act of Parliament until it receives her stamp of approval, a process called Royal Assent. In reality, though, no monarch has refused to give Royal Assent since 1708, when Queen Anne did so only at the behest of ministers. As such, Queen Elizabeth II’s formal duties are largely representational, such as embarking on goodwill visits abroad and hosting foreign heads of state. The monarch’s main role is to serve as a vital part of Britain’s “national identity, unity, and pride”, says the official royal website, royal.uk.

Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.
The ‘face value’ of monarchy in the UK is much more than that of the Parliament.
B.
The involvement of the queen in all the decisions of the state has kept the concept of monarchy alive.
C.
Monarchy is existent in UK because the citizens perceive them as ‘ideals’.
D.
Queen Elizabeth’s representational duties have contributed to hampering the national pride of Britain.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 29

The formal duties of the Queen are largely representational, she does not take part in all the decisions. This negates option (b). Option (c) cannot be inferred from the passage, hence, it is incorrect. Authenticity of the argument presented in option (d) can be challenged from the last line of the passage. Hence, it is also incorrect. Option (a) can clearly be inferred from the passage and is the correct answer.

Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 30

Direction : Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

In a monarchy, the king or queen is the head of state. However, as the UK has a constitutional monarchy, the ability to make and pass legislation belongs to Parliament rather than the Queen. The monarch retains a symbolic role in government. She formally opens Parliament every year, and when the government passes a bill, it cannot become an Act of Parliament until it receives her stamp of approval, a process called Royal Assent. In reality, though, no monarch has refused to give Royal Assent since 1708, when Queen Anne did so only at the behest of ministers. As such, Queen Elizabeth II’s formal duties are largely representational, such as embarking on goodwill visits abroad and hosting foreign heads of state. The monarch’s main role is to serve as a vital part of Britain’s “national identity, unity, and pride”, says the official royal website, royal.uk.

Which of the following would contradict the author’s stance?

A.
The Queen has taken good care of fulfilling her representational duties.
B.
Modernism, in a way, is slowly dissolving the role of the monarch.
C.
The monarch reserves the right to decline a bill that the government passes.
D.
In a monarchy, the only person above the King or the Queen is the head of the state.

Detailed Solution for Test: Logical Reasoning- 7 - Question 30

Option (a) does not contradict the author’s stance and is thus incorrect. Option (c) is a fact stated in the passage and fails to contradict the author’s stance. Hence, it is also not the correct answer. There is no mention of modernism and its role in dissolving monarchy. Refer to the first line of the passage, “In a monarchy, the king or queen is the head of state”. This contradicts with the statement presented in option (d). Hence, the correct answer is option (d).

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