CLAT Practice Test - 5 - CLAT

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

Have you ever come across a painting, by Picasso, Mondrian, Miro or any other modem abstract painter of this century, and found yourself engulfed in a brightly coloured canvas which your senses cannot interpret? Many people would tend to denounce abstractionism as senseless trash. These people are disoriented by Miro’s bright, fanciful creatures and two-dimensional canvases. They click their tongues and shake their head at Mondrian’s grid works, declaring the poor guy played too many scrabble games. They silently shake their heads in sympathy for Picasso, whose gruesome, distorted figures must be a reflection of his mental health. Then, standing in front of a work by Charlie Russell, the famous Western artist, they’ll declare it a work of God. People feel more comfortable with something they can relate to and understand immediately without too much thought. This is the case with the work of Charlie Russell. Being able to recognize the elements in his paintings - trees, horses and cowboys— gives people a safety line to their world of “reality”. There are some who would disagree when I say abstract art requires more creativity and artistic talent to produce a good piece than does representational art, but there are many weaknesses in their arguments.
People who look down upon abstract art have several major arguments to support their beliefs. They feel that artists turn abstract because they are not capable of the technical drafting skills that appear in a Russell; therefore, such artists create an art form that anyone is capable of and that is less time consuming, and then parade it as artistic progress. Secondly, they feel that the purpose of art is to create something of beauty in an orderly, logical composition. Russell’s compositions are balanced and rational; everything sits calmly on the canvas, leaving the viewer satisfied that he has seen all there is to see. The modem abstractionists, on the other hand, seem to compose their pieces irrationally. For example, upon seeing Picasso’s Guernica, a friend of mine asked me, “What’s the point?” Finally, many people feel that art should portray the ideal and real. The exactness of detail in Charlie Russell’s work is an example of this. He has been called a great historian because his pieces depict the life style, dress and events of the times. His subject matter is derived from his own experiences on the trail, and reproduced to the smallest detail.
I agree in part with many of these arguments, and at one time even endorsed them. But now, I believe differently. Firstly I object to the argument that abstract artists are not capable of drafting. Many abstract artists, such as Picasso, are excellent draftsmen. As his work matured, Picasso became more abstract in order to increase the expressive quality of his work .Guernica was meant as a protest against the bombing of that city by the Germans. To express the terror and suffering of the victims more vividly, he distorted the figures and presented them in a black and white journalistic manner. If he had used representational images and colour, much of the emotional content would have been lost and the piece would not have caused the demand for justice that it did. Secondly, I do not think that a piece must be logical and aesthetically pleasing to be art. The message it conveys to its viewers is more important. It should reflect the ideals and issues of its time and be true to itself, not just a flowery glossy surface. For example through his work Mondrian was trying to present a system of simplicity, logic, and rational older. As a result, his pieces did end up looking like a scrabble board. Miro created powerful, surrealistic images from his dreams and subconscious. These artists were trying to evoke a response from society through an expressionistic manner. Finally, abstract artists and representational artists maintain different ideas about ‘reality’. To the representational artist, reality is what he sees with his eyes. This is the reality he reproduces on canvas. To the abstract artist, reality is what he feels about what his eyes see. This is the reality he interprets on canvas. This can be illustrated by Mondrian’s Trees series. You can actually see the progression from the early recognizable, though abstracted, Trees, to his final solution, the grid system.
A cycle of abstract and representational art began with the first scratchings of prehistoric man. From the abstractions of ancient Egypt to representational, classical Rome, returning to abstractionism in early Christian art and so on up to the present day, the cycle has been going on. But this day and age may witness its death through the camera. With film, there is no need to produce finely detailed, historical records manually; the camera does this for us more efficiently. Maybe, representational art would cease to exist. With abstractionism as the victor of the first battle, may be a different kind of cycle will be touched off. Possibly, sometime in the distant future, thousands of years from now, art itself will be physically non-existent. Some artists today believe that once they have planned and constructed a piece in their mind there is no sense in finishing it with their hands; it has already been done and can never be duplicated.

Q. The author acknowledges that Mondrian’s pieces may have ended up looking like a scrabble board because

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

Have you ever come across a painting, by Picasso, Mondrian, Miro or any other modem abstract painter of this century, and found yourself engulfed in a brightly coloured canvas which your senses cannot interpret? Many people would tend to denounce abstractionism as senseless trash. These people are disoriented by Miro’s bright, fanciful creatures and two-dimensional canvases. They click their tongues and shake their head at Mondrian’s grid works, declaring the poor guy played too many scrabble games. They silently shake their heads in sympathy for Picasso, whose gruesome, distorted figures must be a reflection of his mental health. Then, standing in front of a work by Charlie Russell, the famous Western artist, they’ll declare it a work of God. People feel more comfortable with something they can relate to and understand immediately without too much thought. This is the case with the work of Charlie Russell. Being able to recognize the elements in his paintings - trees, horses and cowboys— gives people a safety line to their world of “reality”. There are some who would disagree when I say abstract art requires more creativity and artistic talent to produce a good piece than does representational art, but there are many weaknesses in their arguments.
People who look down upon abstract art have several major arguments to support their beliefs. They feel that artists turn abstract because they are not capable of the technical drafting skills that appear in a Russell; therefore, such artists create an art form that anyone is capable of and that is less time consuming, and then parade it as artistic progress. Secondly, they feel that the purpose of art is to create something of beauty in an orderly, logical composition. Russell’s compositions are balanced and rational; everything sits calmly on the canvas, leaving the viewer satisfied that he has seen all there is to see. The modem abstractionists, on the other hand, seem to compose their pieces irrationally. For example, upon seeing Picasso’s Guernica, a friend of mine asked me, “What’s the point?” Finally, many people feel that art should portray the ideal and real. The exactness of detail in Charlie Russell’s work is an example of this. He has been called a great historian because his pieces depict the life style, dress and events of the times. His subject matter is derived from his own experiences on the trail, and reproduced to the smallest detail.
I agree in part with many of these arguments, and at one time even endorsed them. But now, I believe differently. Firstly I object to the argument that abstract artists are not capable of drafting. Many abstract artists, such as Picasso, are excellent draftsmen. As his work matured, Picasso became more abstract in order to increase the expressive quality of his work .Guernica was meant as a protest against the bombing of that city by the Germans. To express the terror and suffering of the victims more vividly, he distorted the figures and presented them in a black and white journalistic manner. If he had used representational images and colour, much of the emotional content would have been lost and the piece would not have caused the demand for justice that it did. Secondly, I do not think that a piece must be logical and aesthetically pleasing to be art. The message it conveys to its viewers is more important. It should reflect the ideals and issues of its time and be true to itself, not just a flowery glossy surface. For example through his work Mondrian was trying to present a system of simplicity, logic, and rational older. As a result, his pieces did end up looking like a scrabble board. Miro created powerful, surrealistic images from his dreams and subconscious. These artists were trying to evoke a response from society through an expressionistic manner. Finally, abstract artists and representational artists maintain different ideas about ‘reality’. To the representational artist, reality is what he sees with his eyes. This is the reality he reproduces on canvas. To the abstract artist, reality is what he feels about what his eyes see. This is the reality he interprets on canvas. This can be illustrated by Mondrian’s Trees series. You can actually see the progression from the early recognizable, though abstracted, Trees, to his final solution, the grid system.
A cycle of abstract and representational art began with the first scratchings of prehistoric man. From the abstractions of ancient Egypt to representational, classical Rome, returning to abstractionism in early Christian art and so on up to the present day, the cycle has been going on. But this day and age may witness its death through the camera. With film, there is no need to produce finely detailed, historical records manually; the camera does this for us more efficiently. Maybe, representational art would cease to exist. With abstractionism as the victor of the first battle, may be a different kind of cycle will be touched off. Possibly, sometime in the distant future, thousands of years from now, art itself will be physically non-existent. Some artists today believe that once they have planned and constructed a piece in their mind there is no sense in finishing it with their hands; it has already been done and can never be duplicated.

Q. The main difference between the abstract artist and the representational artist in matters of the ‘ideal’ and the ‘real’, according to the author, is:

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

I first saw the leopard when I was crossing the small stream at the bottom of the hill. The ravine was so deep that for most of the day it remained in shadow. This encouraged many birds and animals to emerge from cover during the hours of daylight. Few people ever passed that way. As a result, the ravine had become a little haven of wildlife, one of the few natural sanctuaries left near Mussoorie.
It was early April and the wild roses were flowering. I walked down to the stream almost every day, after two or three hours of writing.
Nearly every morning, and sometimes during the day, I heard the cry of the barking deer. And in the evening, walking through the forest, I disturbed parties of khaleej pheasant. As I had not come to take anything from the jungle, the birds and animals soon grew accustomed to my face. After some time, my approach did not disturb them. But one evening, as I passed, I heard them chattering in the trees, and I was not the cause of their excitement.
As I crossed the stream a shower of pebbles came rattling down the steep hillside, and I looked up to see a sinewy orange-gold leopard poised on a rock about 20 feet above me.
It was not looking towards me, but had its head thrust attentively forward in the direction of the ravine. It must have sensed my presence, though, because slowly it turned its head to look down at me. It seemed a little puzzled at my presence there; when, to give myself courage, I clapped my hands sharply, the leopard sprang away into the thickets, making no sound as it melted into the shadows.
One day I found the remains of a barking deer, which had been partially eaten. I wondered why the leopard had not hidden the remains of his meal, and decided it must have been disturbed while eating. Then, climbing the hill, I met a party of shikaris. Leopard-skins, they told me, were selling in Delhi at over a thousand rupees each! Of course there was a ban on the export of skins, but they gave me to understand that there were ways and means …
I thanked them for their information and walked on, feeling uneasy. The shikaris had seen the carcass of the deer, and they had seen the leopard's pug marks, and they kept coming to the forest. Almost every evening I heard their guns banging away; for they were ready to fire at almost anything.
"There's a leopard about," they always told me. "You should carry a gun."
"I don't have one," I said.

Q. Why did the author feel that the animals in the ravine were not disturbed by his approach?

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

I first saw the leopard when I was crossing the small stream at the bottom of the hill. The ravine was so deep that for most of the day it remained in shadow. This encouraged many birds and animals to emerge from cover during the hours of daylight. Few people ever passed that way. As a result, the ravine had become a little haven of wildlife, one of the few natural sanctuaries left near Mussoorie.
It was early April and the wild roses were flowering. I walked down to the stream almost every day, after two or three hours of writing.
Nearly every morning, and sometimes during the day, I heard the cry of the barking deer. And in the evening, walking through the forest, I disturbed parties of khaleej pheasant. As I had not come to take anything from the jungle, the birds and animals soon grew accustomed to my face. After some time, my approach did not disturb them. But one evening, as I passed, I heard them chattering in the trees, and I was not the cause of their excitement.
As I crossed the stream a shower of pebbles came rattling down the steep hillside, and I looked up to see a sinewy orange-gold leopard poised on a rock about 20 feet above me.
It was not looking towards me, but had its head thrust attentively forward in the direction of the ravine. It must have sensed my presence, though, because slowly it turned its head to look down at me. It seemed a little puzzled at my presence there; when, to give myself courage, I clapped my hands sharply, the leopard sprang away into the thickets, making no sound as it melted into the shadows.
One day I found the remains of a barking deer, which had been partially eaten. I wondered why the leopard had not hidden the remains of his meal, and decided it must have been disturbed while eating. Then, climbing the hill, I met a party of shikaris. Leopard-skins, they told me, were selling in Delhi at over a thousand rupees each! Of course there was a ban on the export of skins, but they gave me to understand that there were ways and means …
I thanked them for their information and walked on, feeling uneasy. The shikaris had seen the carcass of the deer, and they had seen the leopard's pug marks, and they kept coming to the forest. Almost every evening I heard their guns banging away; for they were ready to fire at almost anything.
"There's a leopard about," they always told me. "You should carry a gun."
"I don't have one," I said.

Q. Why did the author feel that the leopard might have sensed his presence?

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

I first saw the leopard when I was crossing the small stream at the bottom of the hill. The ravine was so deep that for most of the day it remained in shadow. This encouraged many birds and animals to emerge from cover during the hours of daylight. Few people ever passed that way. As a result, the ravine had become a little haven of wildlife, one of the few natural sanctuaries left near Mussoorie.
It was early April and the wild roses were flowering. I walked down to the stream almost every day, after two or three hours of writing.
Nearly every morning, and sometimes during the day, I heard the cry of the barking deer. And in the evening, walking through the forest, I disturbed parties of khaleej pheasant. As I had not come to take anything from the jungle, the birds and animals soon grew accustomed to my face. After some time, my approach did not disturb them. But one evening, as I passed, I heard them chattering in the trees, and I was not the cause of their excitement.
As I crossed the stream a shower of pebbles came rattling down the steep hillside, and I looked up to see a sinewy orange-gold leopard poised on a rock about 20 feet above me.
It was not looking towards me, but had its head thrust attentively forward in the direction of the ravine. It must have sensed my presence, though, because slowly it turned its head to look down at me. It seemed a little puzzled at my presence there; when, to give myself courage, I clapped my hands sharply, the leopard sprang away into the thickets, making no sound as it melted into the shadows.
One day I found the remains of a barking deer, which had been partially eaten. I wondered why the leopard had not hidden the remains of his meal, and decided it must have been disturbed while eating. Then, climbing the hill, I met a party of shikaris. Leopard-skins, they told me, were selling in Delhi at over a thousand rupees each! Of course there was a ban on the export of skins, but they gave me to understand that there were ways and means …
I thanked them for their information and walked on, feeling uneasy. The shikaris had seen the carcass of the deer, and they had seen the leopard's pug marks, and they kept coming to the forest. Almost every evening I heard their guns banging away; for they were ready to fire at almost anything.
"There's a leopard about," they always told me. "You should carry a gun."
"I don't have one," I said.

Q. What does the word 'poised' as used in the passage mean?

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

I first saw the leopard when I was crossing the small stream at the bottom of the hill. The ravine was so deep that for most of the day it remained in shadow. This encouraged many birds and animals to emerge from cover during the hours of daylight. Few people ever passed that way. As a result, the ravine had become a little haven of wildlife, one of the few natural sanctuaries left near Mussoorie.
It was early April and the wild roses were flowering. I walked down to the stream almost every day, after two or three hours of writing.
Nearly every morning, and sometimes during the day, I heard the cry of the barking deer. And in the evening, walking through the forest, I disturbed parties of khaleej pheasant. As I had not come to take anything from the jungle, the birds and animals soon grew accustomed to my face. After some time, my approach did not disturb them. But one evening, as I passed, I heard them chattering in the trees, and I was not the cause of their excitement.
As I crossed the stream a shower of pebbles came rattling down the steep hillside, and I looked up to see a sinewy orange-gold leopard poised on a rock about 20 feet above me.
It was not looking towards me, but had its head thrust attentively forward in the direction of the ravine. It must have sensed my presence, though, because slowly it turned its head to look down at me. It seemed a little puzzled at my presence there; when, to give myself courage, I clapped my hands sharply, the leopard sprang away into the thickets, making no sound as it melted into the shadows.
One day I found the remains of a barking deer, which had been partially eaten. I wondered why the leopard had not hidden the remains of his meal, and decided it must have been disturbed while eating. Then, climbing the hill, I met a party of shikaris. Leopard-skins, they told me, were selling in Delhi at over a thousand rupees each! Of course there was a ban on the export of skins, but they gave me to understand that there were ways and means …
I thanked them for their information and walked on, feeling uneasy. The shikaris had seen the carcass of the deer, and they had seen the leopard's pug marks, and they kept coming to the forest. Almost every evening I heard their guns banging away; for they were ready to fire at almost anything.
"There's a leopard about," they always told me. "You should carry a gun."
"I don't have one," I said.

Q. Why, according to the author, the leopard must have left the remains of the deer out in the open?

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

I first saw the leopard when I was crossing the small stream at the bottom of the hill. The ravine was so deep that for most of the day it remained in shadow. This encouraged many birds and animals to emerge from cover during the hours of daylight. Few people ever passed that way. As a result, the ravine had become a little haven of wildlife, one of the few natural sanctuaries left near Mussoorie.
It was early April and the wild roses were flowering. I walked down to the stream almost every day, after two or three hours of writing.
Nearly every morning, and sometimes during the day, I heard the cry of the barking deer. And in the evening, walking through the forest, I disturbed parties of khaleej pheasant. As I had not come to take anything from the jungle, the birds and animals soon grew accustomed to my face. After some time, my approach did not disturb them. But one evening, as I passed, I heard them chattering in the trees, and I was not the cause of their excitement.
As I crossed the stream a shower of pebbles came rattling down the steep hillside, and I looked up to see a sinewy orange-gold leopard poised on a rock about 20 feet above me.
It was not looking towards me, but had its head thrust attentively forward in the direction of the ravine. It must have sensed my presence, though, because slowly it turned its head to look down at me. It seemed a little puzzled at my presence there; when, to give myself courage, I clapped my hands sharply, the leopard sprang away into the thickets, making no sound as it melted into the shadows.
One day I found the remains of a barking deer, which had been partially eaten. I wondered why the leopard had not hidden the remains of his meal, and decided it must have been disturbed while eating. Then, climbing the hill, I met a party of shikaris. Leopard-skins, they told me, were selling in Delhi at over a thousand rupees each! Of course there was a ban on the export of skins, but they gave me to understand that there were ways and means …
I thanked them for their information and walked on, feeling uneasy. The shikaris had seen the carcass of the deer, and they had seen the leopard's pug marks, and they kept coming to the forest. Almost every evening I heard their guns banging away; for they were ready to fire at almost anything.
"There's a leopard about," they always told me. "You should carry a gun."
"I don't have one," I said.

Q. Which of the following can be inferred from the shikaris' response when the author states a fact about trading of leopard skin?

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

Each one has his reasons; for one art is a flight; for another a means of conquering. But one can flee into a hermitage, into madness, into death. One can conquer by arms. Why does it have to be writing, why does one have to manage his escapes and conquests by writing? Because, behind the various aims of authors, there is a deeper and more immediate choice which is common to all of us. We shall try to elucidate this choice, and we shall see whether it is not in the name of this very choice of writing that the engagement of writers must be required.
Each of our perceptions is accompanied by the consciousness that human reality is a ‘revealer’, that is, it is through human reality that ‘there is’ being, or, put it differently, that man is the means by which things are manifested. It is our presence in the world which multiplies relations. It is we who set up a relationship between this tree and that bit of sky. Thanks to us, that star which has been dead for millennia, that quarter moon, and that dark river are disclosed in the unity of a landscape. It is the speed of our auto and our airplane which organizes the great masses of the earth. With each of our acts, the world reveals to us a new face. But, if we know that we are directors of being, we also know that we are not its producers. If we turn away from this landscape, it will sink back into its dark permanence. At least, it will sink back; there is no one mad enough to think that it is going to be annihilated. It is we who shall be annihilated, and the earth will remain in its lethargy until another consciousness comes along to awaken it. Thus to our inner certainty of being ‘revealers’ is added that of being inessential in relation to the thing revealed.
One of the chief motives of artistic creation is certainly the need of feeling that we are essential in relationship to the world. If I fix on canvas or in writing a certain aspect of the fields or the sea or a look on someone’s face which I have disclosed, I am conscious of having produced them by condensing relationships, by introducing order where there was none, by imposing the unity of mind on the diversity of things. That is, I think myself essential in relation to my creation. But this time it is the created object which escapes me; I cannot reveal and produce at the same time. The creation becomes inessential in relation to the creative activity. First of all, even if it appears to others as definitive, the created object always seems to us in a state of suspension; we can always change this line, that shade, that word. Thus, it never forces itself. A novice painter asked his teacher, ‘When should I consider my painting finished?’ And the teacher answered, ‘When you can look at it in amazement and say to yourself “I’m the one who did that!”’
Which amounts to saying ‘never’. For it is virtually considering one’s work with someone else’s eyes and revealing what has been created. But it is self-evident that we are proportionally less conscious of the thing produced and more conscious of our productive activity. When it is a matter of poetry or carpentry we work according to traditional norms, with tools whose usage is codified; it is Heidegger’s famous ‘they’ who are working with our hands. In this case, the result can seem to us sufficiently strange to preserve its objectivity in our eyes. But if we ourselves produce the rules of production, the measures, the criteria, and if our creative drive comes from the very depths of our heart, then we never find anything but ourselves in our work. It is we who have invented the laws by which we judge it. It is our history, our love, our gaiety that we recognize in it. Even if we should regard it without touching it any further, we never receive from it that gaiety or love. We put them into it. The results which we have obtained on canvas or paper never seem to us objective. We are too familiar with the processes of which they are the effects. These processes remain a subjective discovery; they are ourselves, our inspiration, our ruse, and when we seek to perceive our work, we create it again, we repeat mentally the operations which produced it; each of its aspects appears as a result. Thus in the perception the object is given as the essential thing and the subject as the inessential. The latter seeks essentiality in the creation and obtains it but then it is the object which becomes the inessential.
The dialectic is nowhere more apparent than in the art of writing, for the literary object is a peculiar top which exists only in movement. To make it come into view a concrete act called reading is necessary, and it lasts only as long as this act can last. Beyond that, there are only black marks on paper. Now, the writer cannot read what he writes, whereas the shoemaker can put on the shoes he has just made if they are to his size, and the architect can live in the house he has built. In reading, one foresees; one waits. He foresees the end of the sentence, the following sentence, the next page. He waits for them to confirm or disappoint his foresights. The reading is composed of a host of hypotheses, followed by awakenings, of hopes and deceptions. Readers are always ahead of the sentence they are reading in a merely probable future which partly collapses and partly comes together in proportion as they progress, which withdraws from one page to the next and forms the moving horizon of the literary object. Without waiting, without a future, without ignorance, there is no objectivity.

Q. The author holds that:

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

Each one has his reasons; for one art is a flight; for another a means of conquering. But one can flee into a hermitage, into madness, into death. One can conquer by arms. Why does it have to be writing, why does one have to manage his escapes and conquests by writing? Because, behind the various aims of authors, there is a deeper and more immediate choice which is common to all of us. We shall try to elucidate this choice, and we shall see whether it is not in the name of this very choice of writing that the engagement of writers must be required.
Each of our perceptions is accompanied by the consciousness that human reality is a ‘revealer’, that is, it is through human reality that ‘there is’ being, or, put it differently, that man is the means by which things are manifested. It is our presence in the world which multiplies relations. It is we who set up a relationship between this tree and that bit of sky. Thanks to us, that star which has been dead for millennia, that quarter moon, and that dark river are disclosed in the unity of a landscape. It is the speed of our auto and our airplane which organizes the great masses of the earth. With each of our acts, the world reveals to us a new face. But, if we know that we are directors of being, we also know that we are not its producers. If we turn away from this landscape, it will sink back into its dark permanence. At least, it will sink back; there is no one mad enough to think that it is going to be annihilated. It is we who shall be annihilated, and the earth will remain in its lethargy until another consciousness comes along to awaken it. Thus to our inner certainty of being ‘revealers’ is added that of being inessential in relation to the thing revealed.
One of the chief motives of artistic creation is certainly the need of feeling that we are essential in relationship to the world. If I fix on canvas or in writing a certain aspect of the fields or the sea or a look on someone’s face which I have disclosed, I am conscious of having produced them by condensing relationships, by introducing order where there was none, by imposing the unity of mind on the diversity of things. That is, I think myself essential in relation to my creation. But this time it is the created object which escapes me; I cannot reveal and produce at the same time. The creation becomes inessential in relation to the creative activity. First of all, even if it appears to others as definitive, the created object always seems to us in a state of suspension; we can always change this line, that shade, that word. Thus, it never forces itself. A novice painter asked his teacher, ‘When should I consider my painting finished?’ And the teacher answered, ‘When you can look at it in amazement and say to yourself “I’m the one who did that!”’
Which amounts to saying ‘never’. For it is virtually considering one’s work with someone else’s eyes and revealing what has been created. But it is self-evident that we are proportionally less conscious of the thing produced and more conscious of our productive activity. When it is a matter of poetry or carpentry we work according to traditional norms, with tools whose usage is codified; it is Heidegger’s famous ‘they’ who are working with our hands. In this case, the result can seem to us sufficiently strange to preserve its objectivity in our eyes. But if we ourselves produce the rules of production, the measures, the criteria, and if our creative drive comes from the very depths of our heart, then we never find anything but ourselves in our work. It is we who have invented the laws by which we judge it. It is our history, our love, our gaiety that we recognize in it. Even if we should regard it without touching it any further, we never receive from it that gaiety or love. We put them into it. The results which we have obtained on canvas or paper never seem to us objective. We are too familiar with the processes of which they are the effects. These processes remain a subjective discovery; they are ourselves, our inspiration, our ruse, and when we seek to perceive our work, we create it again, we repeat mentally the operations which produced it; each of its aspects appears as a result. Thus in the perception the object is given as the essential thing and the subject as the inessential. The latter seeks essentiality in the creation and obtains it but then it is the object which becomes the inessential.
The dialectic is nowhere more apparent than in the art of writing, for the literary object is a peculiar top which exists only in movement. To make it come into view a concrete act called reading is necessary, and it lasts only as long as this act can last. Beyond that, there are only black marks on paper. Now, the writer cannot read what he writes, whereas the shoemaker can put on the shoes he has just made if they are to his size, and the architect can live in the house he has built. In reading, one foresees; one waits. He foresees the end of the sentence, the following sentence, the next page. He waits for them to confirm or disappoint his foresights. The reading is composed of a host of hypotheses, followed by awakenings, of hopes and deceptions. Readers are always ahead of the sentence they are reading in a merely probable future which partly collapses and partly comes together in proportion as they progress, which withdraws from one page to the next and forms the moving horizon of the literary object. Without waiting, without a future, without ignorance, there is no objectivity.

Q. It is the author's contention that:

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

Each one has his reasons; for one art is a flight; for another a means of conquering. But one can flee into a hermitage, into madness, into death. One can conquer by arms. Why does it have to be writing, why does one have to manage his escapes and conquests by writing? Because, behind the various aims of authors, there is a deeper and more immediate choice which is common to all of us. We shall try to elucidate this choice, and we shall see whether it is not in the name of this very choice of writing that the engagement of writers must be required.
Each of our perceptions is accompanied by the consciousness that human reality is a ‘revealer’, that is, it is through human reality that ‘there is’ being, or, put it differently, that man is the means by which things are manifested. It is our presence in the world which multiplies relations. It is we who set up a relationship between this tree and that bit of sky. Thanks to us, that star which has been dead for millennia, that quarter moon, and that dark river are disclosed in the unity of a landscape. It is the speed of our auto and our airplane which organizes the great masses of the earth. With each of our acts, the world reveals to us a new face. But, if we know that we are directors of being, we also know that we are not its producers. If we turn away from this landscape, it will sink back into its dark permanence. At least, it will sink back; there is no one mad enough to think that it is going to be annihilated. It is we who shall be annihilated, and the earth will remain in its lethargy until another consciousness comes along to awaken it. Thus to our inner certainty of being ‘revealers’ is added that of being inessential in relation to the thing revealed.
One of the chief motives of artistic creation is certainly the need of feeling that we are essential in relationship to the world. If I fix on canvas or in writing a certain aspect of the fields or the sea or a look on someone’s face which I have disclosed, I am conscious of having produced them by condensing relationships, by introducing order where there was none, by imposing the unity of mind on the diversity of things. That is, I think myself essential in relation to my creation. But this time it is the created object which escapes me; I cannot reveal and produce at the same time. The creation becomes inessential in relation to the creative activity. First of all, even if it appears to others as definitive, the created object always seems to us in a state of suspension; we can always change this line, that shade, that word. Thus, it never forces itself. A novice painter asked his teacher, ‘When should I consider my painting finished?’ And the teacher answered, ‘When you can look at it in amazement and say to yourself “I’m the one who did that!”’
Which amounts to saying ‘never’. For it is virtually considering one’s work with someone else’s eyes and revealing what has been created. But it is self-evident that we are proportionally less conscious of the thing produced and more conscious of our productive activity. When it is a matter of poetry or carpentry we work according to traditional norms, with tools whose usage is codified; it is Heidegger’s famous ‘they’ who are working with our hands. In this case, the result can seem to us sufficiently strange to preserve its objectivity in our eyes. But if we ourselves produce the rules of production, the measures, the criteria, and if our creative drive comes from the very depths of our heart, then we never find anything but ourselves in our work. It is we who have invented the laws by which we judge it. It is our history, our love, our gaiety that we recognize in it. Even if we should regard it without touching it any further, we never receive from it that gaiety or love. We put them into it. The results which we have obtained on canvas or paper never seem to us objective. We are too familiar with the processes of which they are the effects. These processes remain a subjective discovery; they are ourselves, our inspiration, our ruse, and when we seek to perceive our work, we create it again, we repeat mentally the operations which produced it; each of its aspects appears as a result. Thus in the perception the object is given as the essential thing and the subject as the inessential. The latter seeks essentiality in the creation and obtains it but then it is the object which becomes the inessential.
The dialectic is nowhere more apparent than in the art of writing, for the literary object is a peculiar top which exists only in movement. To make it come into view a concrete act called reading is necessary, and it lasts only as long as this act can last. Beyond that, there are only black marks on paper. Now, the writer cannot read what he writes, whereas the shoemaker can put on the shoes he has just made if they are to his size, and the architect can live in the house he has built. In reading, one foresees; one waits. He foresees the end of the sentence, the following sentence, the next page. He waits for them to confirm or disappoint his foresights. The reading is composed of a host of hypotheses, followed by awakenings, of hopes and deceptions. Readers are always ahead of the sentence they are reading in a merely probable future which partly collapses and partly comes together in proportion as they progress, which withdraws from one page to the next and forms the moving horizon of the literary object. Without waiting, without a future, without ignorance, there is no objectivity.

Q. The passage makes a distinction between perception and creation in terms of:

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

Each one has his reasons; for one art is a flight; for another a means of conquering. But one can flee into a hermitage, into madness, into death. One can conquer by arms. Why does it have to be writing, why does one have to manage his escapes and conquests by writing? Because, behind the various aims of authors, there is a deeper and more immediate choice which is common to all of us. We shall try to elucidate this choice, and we shall see whether it is not in the name of this very choice of writing that the engagement of writers must be required.
Each of our perceptions is accompanied by the consciousness that human reality is a ‘revealer’, that is, it is through human reality that ‘there is’ being, or, put it differently, that man is the means by which things are manifested. It is our presence in the world which multiplies relations. It is we who set up a relationship between this tree and that bit of sky. Thanks to us, that star which has been dead for millennia, that quarter moon, and that dark river are disclosed in the unity of a landscape. It is the speed of our auto and our airplane which organizes the great masses of the earth. With each of our acts, the world reveals to us a new face. But, if we know that we are directors of being, we also know that we are not its producers. If we turn away from this landscape, it will sink back into its dark permanence. At least, it will sink back; there is no one mad enough to think that it is going to be annihilated. It is we who shall be annihilated, and the earth will remain in its lethargy until another consciousness comes along to awaken it. Thus to our inner certainty of being ‘revealers’ is added that of being inessential in relation to the thing revealed.
One of the chief motives of artistic creation is certainly the need of feeling that we are essential in relationship to the world. If I fix on canvas or in writing a certain aspect of the fields or the sea or a look on someone’s face which I have disclosed, I am conscious of having produced them by condensing relationships, by introducing order where there was none, by imposing the unity of mind on the diversity of things. That is, I think myself essential in relation to my creation. But this time it is the created object which escapes me; I cannot reveal and produce at the same time. The creation becomes inessential in relation to the creative activity. First of all, even if it appears to others as definitive, the created object always seems to us in a state of suspension; we can always change this line, that shade, that word. Thus, it never forces itself. A novice painter asked his teacher, ‘When should I consider my painting finished?’ And the teacher answered, ‘When you can look at it in amazement and say to yourself “I’m the one who did that!”’
Which amounts to saying ‘never’. For it is virtually considering one’s work with someone else’s eyes and revealing what has been created. But it is self-evident that we are proportionally less conscious of the thing produced and more conscious of our productive activity. When it is a matter of poetry or carpentry we work according to traditional norms, with tools whose usage is codified; it is Heidegger’s famous ‘they’ who are working with our hands. In this case, the result can seem to us sufficiently strange to preserve its objectivity in our eyes. But if we ourselves produce the rules of production, the measures, the criteria, and if our creative drive comes from the very depths of our heart, then we never find anything but ourselves in our work. It is we who have invented the laws by which we judge it. It is our history, our love, our gaiety that we recognize in it. Even if we should regard it without touching it any further, we never receive from it that gaiety or love. We put them into it. The results which we have obtained on canvas or paper never seem to us objective. We are too familiar with the processes of which they are the effects. These processes remain a subjective discovery; they are ourselves, our inspiration, our ruse, and when we seek to perceive our work, we create it again, we repeat mentally the operations which produced it; each of its aspects appears as a result. Thus in the perception the object is given as the essential thing and the subject as the inessential. The latter seeks essentiality in the creation and obtains it but then it is the object which becomes the inessential.
The dialectic is nowhere more apparent than in the art of writing, for the literary object is a peculiar top which exists only in movement. To make it come into view a concrete act called reading is necessary, and it lasts only as long as this act can last. Beyond that, there are only black marks on paper. Now, the writer cannot read what he writes, whereas the shoemaker can put on the shoes he has just made if they are to his size, and the architect can live in the house he has built. In reading, one foresees; one waits. He foresees the end of the sentence, the following sentence, the next page. He waits for them to confirm or disappoint his foresights. The reading is composed of a host of hypotheses, followed by awakenings, of hopes and deceptions. Readers are always ahead of the sentence they are reading in a merely probable future which partly collapses and partly comes together in proportion as they progress, which withdraws from one page to the next and forms the moving horizon of the literary object. Without waiting, without a future, without ignorance, there is no objectivity.

Q. The art of writing manifests the dialectic of perception and creation because

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

Each one has his reasons; for one art is a flight; for another a means of conquering. But one can flee into a hermitage, into madness, into death. One can conquer by arms. Why does it have to be writing, why does one have to manage his escapes and conquests by writing? Because, behind the various aims of authors, there is a deeper and more immediate choice which is common to all of us. We shall try to elucidate this choice, and we shall see whether it is not in the name of this very choice of writing that the engagement of writers must be required.
Each of our perceptions is accompanied by the consciousness that human reality is a ‘revealer’, that is, it is through human reality that ‘there is’ being, or, put it differently, that man is the means by which things are manifested. It is our presence in the world which multiplies relations. It is we who set up a relationship between this tree and that bit of sky. Thanks to us, that star which has been dead for millennia, that quarter moon, and that dark river are disclosed in the unity of a landscape. It is the speed of our auto and our airplane which organizes the great masses of the earth. With each of our acts, the world reveals to us a new face. But, if we know that we are directors of being, we also know that we are not its producers. If we turn away from this landscape, it will sink back into its dark permanence. At least, it will sink back; there is no one mad enough to think that it is going to be annihilated. It is we who shall be annihilated, and the earth will remain in its lethargy until another consciousness comes along to awaken it. Thus to our inner certainty of being ‘revealers’ is added that of being inessential in relation to the thing revealed.
One of the chief motives of artistic creation is certainly the need of feeling that we are essential in relationship to the world. If I fix on canvas or in writing a certain aspect of the fields or the sea or a look on someone’s face which I have disclosed, I am conscious of having produced them by condensing relationships, by introducing order where there was none, by imposing the unity of mind on the diversity of things. That is, I think myself essential in relation to my creation. But this time it is the created object which escapes me; I cannot reveal and produce at the same time. The creation becomes inessential in relation to the creative activity. First of all, even if it appears to others as definitive, the created object always seems to us in a state of suspension; we can always change this line, that shade, that word. Thus, it never forces itself. A novice painter asked his teacher, ‘When should I consider my painting finished?’ And the teacher answered, ‘When you can look at it in amazement and say to yourself “I’m the one who did that!”’
Which amounts to saying ‘never’. For it is virtually considering one’s work with someone else’s eyes and revealing what has been created. But it is self-evident that we are proportionally less conscious of the thing produced and more conscious of our productive activity. When it is a matter of poetry or carpentry we work according to traditional norms, with tools whose usage is codified; it is Heidegger’s famous ‘they’ who are working with our hands. In this case, the result can seem to us sufficiently strange to preserve its objectivity in our eyes. But if we ourselves produce the rules of production, the measures, the criteria, and if our creative drive comes from the very depths of our heart, then we never find anything but ourselves in our work. It is we who have invented the laws by which we judge it. It is our history, our love, our gaiety that we recognize in it. Even if we should regard it without touching it any further, we never receive from it that gaiety or love. We put them into it. The results which we have obtained on canvas or paper never seem to us objective. We are too familiar with the processes of which they are the effects. These processes remain a subjective discovery; they are ourselves, our inspiration, our ruse, and when we seek to perceive our work, we create it again, we repeat mentally the operations which produced it; each of its aspects appears as a result. Thus in the perception the object is given as the essential thing and the subject as the inessential. The latter seeks essentiality in the creation and obtains it but then it is the object which becomes the inessential.
The dialectic is nowhere more apparent than in the art of writing, for the literary object is a peculiar top which exists only in movement. To make it come into view a concrete act called reading is necessary, and it lasts only as long as this act can last. Beyond that, there are only black marks on paper. Now, the writer cannot read what he writes, whereas the shoemaker can put on the shoes he has just made if they are to his size, and the architect can live in the house he has built. In reading, one foresees; one waits. He foresees the end of the sentence, the following sentence, the next page. He waits for them to confirm or disappoint his foresights. The reading is composed of a host of hypotheses, followed by awakenings, of hopes and deceptions. Readers are always ahead of the sentence they are reading in a merely probable future which partly collapses and partly comes together in proportion as they progress, which withdraws from one page to the next and forms the moving horizon of the literary object. Without waiting, without a future, without ignorance, there is no objectivity.

Q. A writer as an artist,

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

It was the festival of spring. From the wintry shades of narrow lanes and alleys emerged a gaily clad humanity. Some walked, some rode on horses, others sat, being carried in bamboo and bullock carts. One little boy ran between his father's legs, brimming over with life and laughter. "Come, child, come," called his parents, as he lagged behind, fascinated by the toys in the shops that lined the way.
He hurried towards his parents, his feet obedient to their call, his eyes still lingering on the receding toys. As he came to where they had stopped to wait for him, he could not suppress the desire of his heart, even though he well knew the old, cold stare of refusal in their eyes. "I want that toy," he pleaded. His father looked at him red-eyed, in his familiar tyrant's way. His mother, melted by the free spirit of the day was tender and, giving him her finger to hold, said, "Look, child, what is before you!"
It was a flowering mustard-field, pale like melting gold as it swept across miles and miles of even land. A group of dragon-flies were bustling about on their gaudy purple wings.
The child followed them in the air with his gaze, till one of them would still its wings and rest, and he would try to catch it. Then his mother gave a cautionary call: "Come, child, come, come on to the footpath."
He ran towards his parents gaily and walked abreast of them for a while, being, however, soon left behind, attracted by the little insects and worms along the footpath that were teeming out from their hiding places to enjoy the sunshine.
"Come, child, come!" they called to the child, who had now gone running in wild capers round the banyan tree, and gathering him up they took the narrow, winding footpath which led to the fair through the mustard fields. As they neared the village the child could see many other footpaths full of throngs, converging to the whirlpool of the fair, and felt at once repelled and fascinated by the confusion of the world he was entering.
A snake-charmer stood playing a flute to a snake which coiled itself in a basket, its head raised in a graceful bend like the neck of a swan, while the music stole into its invisible ears like the gentle rippling of an invisible waterfall. The child went towards the snake-charmer. But, knowing his parents had forbidden him to hear such coarse music as the snake- charmer played, he proceeded farther.

Q. Why did the mother prompt the child to look at the mustard field?

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

It was the festival of spring. From the wintry shades of narrow lanes and alleys emerged a gaily clad humanity. Some walked, some rode on horses, others sat, being carried in bamboo and bullock carts. One little boy ran between his father's legs, brimming over with life and laughter. "Come, child, come," called his parents, as he lagged behind, fascinated by the toys in the shops that lined the way.
He hurried towards his parents, his feet obedient to their call, his eyes still lingering on the receding toys. As he came to where they had stopped to wait for him, he could not suppress the desire of his heart, even though he well knew the old, cold stare of refusal in their eyes. "I want that toy," he pleaded. His father looked at him red-eyed, in his familiar tyrant's way. His mother, melted by the free spirit of the day was tender and, giving him her finger to hold, said, "Look, child, what is before you!"
It was a flowering mustard-field, pale like melting gold as it swept across miles and miles of even land. A group of dragon-flies were bustling about on their gaudy purple wings.
The child followed them in the air with his gaze, till one of them would still its wings and rest, and he would try to catch it. Then his mother gave a cautionary call: "Come, child, come, come on to the footpath."
He ran towards his parents gaily and walked abreast of them for a while, being, however, soon left behind, attracted by the little insects and worms along the footpath that were teeming out from their hiding places to enjoy the sunshine.
"Come, child, come!" they called to the child, who had now gone running in wild capers round the banyan tree, and gathering him up they took the narrow, winding footpath which led to the fair through the mustard fields. As they neared the village the child could see many other footpaths full of throngs, converging to the whirlpool of the fair, and felt at once repelled and fascinated by the confusion of the world he was entering.
A snake-charmer stood playing a flute to a snake which coiled itself in a basket, its head raised in a graceful bend like the neck of a swan, while the music stole into its invisible ears like the gentle rippling of an invisible waterfall. The child went towards the snake-charmer. But, knowing his parents had forbidden him to hear such coarse music as the snake- charmer played, he proceeded farther.

Q. Why did the boy's parents call him several times along the way?

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

It was the festival of spring. From the wintry shades of narrow lanes and alleys emerged a gaily clad humanity. Some walked, some rode on horses, others sat, being carried in bamboo and bullock carts. One little boy ran between his father's legs, brimming over with life and laughter. "Come, child, come," called his parents, as he lagged behind, fascinated by the toys in the shops that lined the way.
He hurried towards his parents, his feet obedient to their call, his eyes still lingering on the receding toys. As he came to where they had stopped to wait for him, he could not suppress the desire of his heart, even though he well knew the old, cold stare of refusal in their eyes. "I want that toy," he pleaded. His father looked at him red-eyed, in his familiar tyrant's way. His mother, melted by the free spirit of the day was tender and, giving him her finger to hold, said, "Look, child, what is before you!"
It was a flowering mustard-field, pale like melting gold as it swept across miles and miles of even land. A group of dragon-flies were bustling about on their gaudy purple wings.
The child followed them in the air with his gaze, till one of them would still its wings and rest, and he would try to catch it. Then his mother gave a cautionary call: "Come, child, come, come on to the footpath."
He ran towards his parents gaily and walked abreast of them for a while, being, however, soon left behind, attracted by the little insects and worms along the footpath that were teeming out from their hiding places to enjoy the sunshine.
"Come, child, come!" they called to the child, who had now gone running in wild capers round the banyan tree, and gathering him up they took the narrow, winding footpath which led to the fair through the mustard fields. As they neared the village the child could see many other footpaths full of throngs, converging to the whirlpool of the fair, and felt at once repelled and fascinated by the confusion of the world he was entering.
A snake-charmer stood playing a flute to a snake which coiled itself in a basket, its head raised in a graceful bend like the neck of a swan, while the music stole into its invisible ears like the gentle rippling of an invisible waterfall. The child went towards the snake-charmer. But, knowing his parents had forbidden him to hear such coarse music as the snake- charmer played, he proceeded farther.

Q. What does the word 'tender' as used in the passage mean?

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

It was the festival of spring. From the wintry shades of narrow lanes and alleys emerged a gaily clad humanity. Some walked, some rode on horses, others sat, being carried in bamboo and bullock carts. One little boy ran between his father's legs, brimming over with life and laughter. "Come, child, come," called his parents, as he lagged behind, fascinated by the toys in the shops that lined the way.
He hurried towards his parents, his feet obedient to their call, his eyes still lingering on the receding toys. As he came to where they had stopped to wait for him, he could not suppress the desire of his heart, even though he well knew the old, cold stare of refusal in their eyes. "I want that toy," he pleaded. His father looked at him red-eyed, in his familiar tyrant's way. His mother, melted by the free spirit of the day was tender and, giving him her finger to hold, said, "Look, child, what is before you!"
It was a flowering mustard-field, pale like melting gold as it swept across miles and miles of even land. A group of dragon-flies were bustling about on their gaudy purple wings.
The child followed them in the air with his gaze, till one of them would still its wings and rest, and he would try to catch it. Then his mother gave a cautionary call: "Come, child, come, come on to the footpath."
He ran towards his parents gaily and walked abreast of them for a while, being, however, soon left behind, attracted by the little insects and worms along the footpath that were teeming out from their hiding places to enjoy the sunshine.
"Come, child, come!" they called to the child, who had now gone running in wild capers round the banyan tree, and gathering him up they took the narrow, winding footpath which led to the fair through the mustard fields. As they neared the village the child could see many other footpaths full of throngs, converging to the whirlpool of the fair, and felt at once repelled and fascinated by the confusion of the world he was entering.
A snake-charmer stood playing a flute to a snake which coiled itself in a basket, its head raised in a graceful bend like the neck of a swan, while the music stole into its invisible ears like the gentle rippling of an invisible waterfall. The child went towards the snake-charmer. But, knowing his parents had forbidden him to hear such coarse music as the snake- charmer played, he proceeded farther.

Q. Based on the information set out in the passage, which of the following is most accurate?

Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.

It was the festival of spring. From the wintry shades of narrow lanes and alleys emerged a gaily clad humanity. Some walked, some rode on horses, others sat, being carried in bamboo and bullock carts. One little boy ran between his father's legs, brimming over with life and laughter. "Come, child, come," called his parents, as he lagged behind, fascinated by the toys in the shops that lined the way.
He hurried towards his parents, his feet obedient to their call, his eyes still lingering on the receding toys. As he came to where they had stopped to wait for him, he could not suppress the desire of his heart, even though he well knew the old, cold stare of refusal in their eyes. "I want that toy," he pleaded. His father looked at him red-eyed, in his familiar tyrant's way. His mother, melted by the free spirit of the day was tender and, giving him her finger to hold, said, "Look, child, what is before you!"
It was a flowering mustard-field, pale like melting gold as it swept across miles and miles of even land. A group of dragon-flies were bustling about on their gaudy purple wings.
The child followed them in the air with his gaze, till one of them would still its wings and rest, and he would try to catch it. Then his mother gave a cautionary call: "Come, child, come, come on to the footpath."
He ran towards his parents gaily and walked abreast of them for a while, being, however, soon left behind, attracted by the little insects and worms along the footpath that were teeming out from their hiding places to enjoy the sunshine.
"Come, child, come!" they called to the child, who had now gone running in wild capers round the banyan tree, and gathering him up they took the narrow, winding footpath which led to the fair through the mustard fields. As they neared the village the child could see many other footpaths full of throngs, converging to the whirlpool of the fair, and felt at once repelled and fascinated by the confusion of the world he was entering.
A snake-charmer stood playing a flute to a snake which coiled itself in a basket, its head raised in a graceful bend like the neck of a swan, while the music stole into its invisible ears like the gentle rippling of an invisible waterfall. The child went towards the snake-charmer. But, knowing his parents had forbidden him to hear such coarse music as the snake- charmer played, he proceeded farther.

Q. Which of the following best sums up the author's main point in the given passage?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

“Well, lately Mas’r has been saying that he was a fool to let me marry off the place; that he hates Mr. Shelby and all his tribe, because they are proud, and hold their heads up above him, and that I’ve got proud notions from you; and he says he won’t let me come here anymore, and that I shall take a wife and settle down on his place. At first he only scolded and grumbled these things; but yesterday he told me that I should take Mina for a wife, and settle down in a cabin with her, or he would sell me down river.”
“Why—but you were married to me, by the minister, as much as if you’d been a white man!” said Eliza, simply.
“Don’t you know a slave can’t be married? There is no law in this country for that; I can’t hold you for my wife, if he chooses to part us. That’s why I wish I’d never seen you,—why I wish I’d never been born; it would have been better for us both,—it would have been better for this poor child if he had never been born. All this may happen to him yet!”
“O, but master is so kind!”
“Yes, but who knows?—he may die—and then he may be sold to nobody knows who. What pleasure is it that he is handsome, and smart, and bright? I tell you, Eliza, that a sword will pierce through your soul for every good and pleasant thing your child is or has; it will make him worth too much for you to keep.”
The words smote heavily on Eliza’s heart; the vision of the trader came before her eyes, and, as if someone had struck her a deadly blow, she turned pale and gasped for breath. She looked nervously out on the verandah, where the boy, tired of the grave conversation, had retired, and where he was riding triumphantly up and down on Mr. Shelby’s walking-stick. She would have spoken to tell her husband her fears, but checked herself.

Q. Why does George say he wishes he had never seen Eliza?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

“Well, lately Mas’r has been saying that he was a fool to let me marry off the place; that he hates Mr. Shelby and all his tribe, because they are proud, and hold their heads up above him, and that I’ve got proud notions from you; and he says he won’t let me come here anymore, and that I shall take a wife and settle down on his place. At first he only scolded and grumbled these things; but yesterday he told me that I should take Mina for a wife, and settle down in a cabin with her, or he would sell me down river.”
“Why—but you were married to me, by the minister, as much as if you’d been a white man!” said Eliza, simply.
“Don’t you know a slave can’t be married? There is no law in this country for that; I can’t hold you for my wife, if he chooses to part us. That’s why I wish I’d never seen you,—why I wish I’d never been born; it would have been better for us both,—it would have been better for this poor child if he had never been born. All this may happen to him yet!”
“O, but master is so kind!”
“Yes, but who knows?—he may die—and then he may be sold to nobody knows who. What pleasure is it that he is handsome, and smart, and bright? I tell you, Eliza, that a sword will pierce through your soul for every good and pleasant thing your child is or has; it will make him worth too much for you to keep.”
The words smote heavily on Eliza’s heart; the vision of the trader came before her eyes, and, as if someone had struck her a deadly blow, she turned pale and gasped for breath. She looked nervously out on the verandah, where the boy, tired of the grave conversation, had retired, and where he was riding triumphantly up and down on Mr. Shelby’s walking-stick. She would have spoken to tell her husband her fears, but checked herself.

Q. What reason does George give Eliza as to why their marriage isn't real?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

“Well, lately Mas’r has been saying that he was a fool to let me marry off the place; that he hates Mr. Shelby and all his tribe, because they are proud, and hold their heads up above him, and that I’ve got proud notions from you; and he says he won’t let me come here anymore, and that I shall take a wife and settle down on his place. At first he only scolded and grumbled these things; but yesterday he told me that I should take Mina for a wife, and settle down in a cabin with her, or he would sell me down river.”
“Why—but you were married to me, by the minister, as much as if you’d been a white man!” said Eliza, simply.
“Don’t you know a slave can’t be married? There is no law in this country for that; I can’t hold you for my wife, if he chooses to part us. That’s why I wish I’d never seen you,—why I wish I’d never been born; it would have been better for us both,—it would have been better for this poor child if he had never been born. All this may happen to him yet!”
“O, but master is so kind!”
“Yes, but who knows?—he may die—and then he may be sold to nobody knows who. What pleasure is it that he is handsome, and smart, and bright? I tell you, Eliza, that a sword will pierce through your soul for every good and pleasant thing your child is or has; it will make him worth too much for you to keep.”
The words smote heavily on Eliza’s heart; the vision of the trader came before her eyes, and, as if someone had struck her a deadly blow, she turned pale and gasped for breath. She looked nervously out on the verandah, where the boy, tired of the grave conversation, had retired, and where he was riding triumphantly up and down on Mr. Shelby’s walking-stick. She would have spoken to tell her husband her fears, but checked herself.

Q. What does George mean when he says "a sword will pierce through your soul for every good and pleasant thing your child is or has"?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

“Well, lately Mas’r has been saying that he was a fool to let me marry off the place; that he hates Mr. Shelby and all his tribe, because they are proud, and hold their heads up above him, and that I’ve got proud notions from you; and he says he won’t let me come here anymore, and that I shall take a wife and settle down on his place. At first he only scolded and grumbled these things; but yesterday he told me that I should take Mina for a wife, and settle down in a cabin with her, or he would sell me down river.”
“Why—but you were married to me, by the minister, as much as if you’d been a white man!” said Eliza, simply.
“Don’t you know a slave can’t be married? There is no law in this country for that; I can’t hold you for my wife, if he chooses to part us. That’s why I wish I’d never seen you,—why I wish I’d never been born; it would have been better for us both,—it would have been better for this poor child if he had never been born. All this may happen to him yet!”
“O, but master is so kind!”
“Yes, but who knows?—he may die—and then he may be sold to nobody knows who. What pleasure is it that he is handsome, and smart, and bright? I tell you, Eliza, that a sword will pierce through your soul for every good and pleasant thing your child is or has; it will make him worth too much for you to keep.”
The words smote heavily on Eliza’s heart; the vision of the trader came before her eyes, and, as if someone had struck her a deadly blow, she turned pale and gasped for breath. She looked nervously out on the verandah, where the boy, tired of the grave conversation, had retired, and where he was riding triumphantly up and down on Mr. Shelby’s walking-stick. She would have spoken to tell her husband her fears, but checked herself.

Q. In the last paragraph, he author mentions Eliza turning pale and gasping for breath. Why does Eliza turn pale and gasp for breath?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

“Well, lately Mas’r has been saying that he was a fool to let me marry off the place; that he hates Mr. Shelby and all his tribe, because they are proud, and hold their heads up above him, and that I’ve got proud notions from you; and he says he won’t let me come here anymore, and that I shall take a wife and settle down on his place. At first he only scolded and grumbled these things; but yesterday he told me that I should take Mina for a wife, and settle down in a cabin with her, or he would sell me down river.”
“Why—but you were married to me, by the minister, as much as if you’d been a white man!” said Eliza, simply.
“Don’t you know a slave can’t be married? There is no law in this country for that; I can’t hold you for my wife, if he chooses to part us. That’s why I wish I’d never seen you,—why I wish I’d never been born; it would have been better for us both,—it would have been better for this poor child if he had never been born. All this may happen to him yet!”
“O, but master is so kind!”
“Yes, but who knows?—he may die—and then he may be sold to nobody knows who. What pleasure is it that he is handsome, and smart, and bright? I tell you, Eliza, that a sword will pierce through your soul for every good and pleasant thing your child is or has; it will make him worth too much for you to keep.”
The words smote heavily on Eliza’s heart; the vision of the trader came before her eyes, and, as if someone had struck her a deadly blow, she turned pale and gasped for breath. She looked nervously out on the verandah, where the boy, tired of the grave conversation, had retired, and where he was riding triumphantly up and down on Mr. Shelby’s walking-stick. She would have spoken to tell her husband her fears, but checked herself.

Q. Which of the following can be attributed to George?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

There are believed to be at least 125 million speakers of English in India, which makes it the world's second-largest English-speaking country. This is reason enough for you to sit up and read this section, but the unique cultural differences between Indian English and our western mother tongue are, I think, utterly fascinating. I cannot hope but to skate blissfully along the surface of this deepest of linguistic oceans (how's that for a seasonal mix?), but I would like to share some of its historical roots.
English in India is usually associated with the British Raj, but Indian English as we know it today is an entirely different creature. Once recognised as the ruling language of the starch-shirted elite, Indian English now represents the unique socio-cultural mechanisms of this diverse, multilingual country. The sub-dialects vary according to region and the speaker's mother tongue. Numerous options and possibilities can be placed before 'English', and a completely different kind of hybrid and accent persists from state to state. One's linguistic background is made prominent by one's English. Delightfully, it is easy for one's ear to be spoiled by the mellifluousness of Indian English. The speaker's intention is, in the utterance, to define a word in as tangible a manner as possible. The r's are hard, and words like 'summer' are spoken as 'sum-mer'. On the other hand, this need for emphasis can also lead to a sense of anxiety about not relaying one's politeness in professional mails.
In June 2018, Shashi Tharoor wrote a piece for the Week and made a bold announcement: that in his college days, he had invented the word 'prepone'. Two columns later, Tharoor started his new piece with an apology for this 'immodest thought'. In truth, the very first use of the word 'prepone' is credited in 1913 to a J. J. D. Trenor in the New York Times. Tharoor's mistake is understandable, as the word is not as prevalent abroad as it is in India. Tharoor's two columns launch into interesting facts about the Indian English phenomenon. He notes the comical difference between 'mugging' in India and abroad. While Google would say that mugging means to be robbed in a public place, or to, as an actor, make great big comical faces, for Indians the word is popularly used by students to refer to cramming before an exam. And if they then tell you they 'passed out' of college? Congratulate them, because all that mugging has paid off. 'Passing out' is simply the Indian English way of saying 'I graduated', rather than the American or British English way of implying that after one too many keggers or drinks parties you will never graduate at all.

Q. Which of the following best expresses the author's main idea in the passage?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

There are believed to be at least 125 million speakers of English in India, which makes it the world's second-largest English-speaking country. This is reason enough for you to sit up and read this section, but the unique cultural differences between Indian English and our western mother tongue are, I think, utterly fascinating. I cannot hope but to skate blissfully along the surface of this deepest of linguistic oceans (how's that for a seasonal mix?), but I would like to share some of its historical roots.
English in India is usually associated with the British Raj, but Indian English as we know it today is an entirely different creature. Once recognised as the ruling language of the starch-shirted elite, Indian English now represents the unique socio-cultural mechanisms of this diverse, multilingual country. The sub-dialects vary according to region and the speaker's mother tongue. Numerous options and possibilities can be placed before 'English', and a completely different kind of hybrid and accent persists from state to state. One's linguistic background is made prominent by one's English. Delightfully, it is easy for one's ear to be spoiled by the mellifluousness of Indian English. The speaker's intention is, in the utterance, to define a word in as tangible a manner as possible. The r's are hard, and words like 'summer' are spoken as 'sum-mer'. On the other hand, this need for emphasis can also lead to a sense of anxiety about not relaying one's politeness in professional mails.
In June 2018, Shashi Tharoor wrote a piece for the Week and made a bold announcement: that in his college days, he had invented the word 'prepone'. Two columns later, Tharoor started his new piece with an apology for this 'immodest thought'. In truth, the very first use of the word 'prepone' is credited in 1913 to a J. J. D. Trenor in the New York Times. Tharoor's mistake is understandable, as the word is not as prevalent abroad as it is in India. Tharoor's two columns launch into interesting facts about the Indian English phenomenon. He notes the comical difference between 'mugging' in India and abroad. While Google would say that mugging means to be robbed in a public place, or to, as an actor, make great big comical faces, for Indians the word is popularly used by students to refer to cramming before an exam. And if they then tell you they 'passed out' of college? Congratulate them, because all that mugging has paid off. 'Passing out' is simply the Indian English way of saying 'I graduated', rather than the American or British English way of implying that after one too many keggers or drinks parties you will never graduate at all.

Q. Why does the author think Indian English represents India's cultural diversity?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

There are believed to be at least 125 million speakers of English in India, which makes it the world's second-largest English-speaking country. This is reason enough for you to sit up and read this section, but the unique cultural differences between Indian English and our western mother tongue are, I think, utterly fascinating. I cannot hope but to skate blissfully along the surface of this deepest of linguistic oceans (how's that for a seasonal mix?), but I would like to share some of its historical roots.
English in India is usually associated with the British Raj, but Indian English as we know it today is an entirely different creature. Once recognised as the ruling language of the starch-shirted elite, Indian English now represents the unique socio-cultural mechanisms of this diverse, multilingual country. The sub-dialects vary according to region and the speaker's mother tongue. Numerous options and possibilities can be placed before 'English', and a completely different kind of hybrid and accent persists from state to state. One's linguistic background is made prominent by one's English. Delightfully, it is easy for one's ear to be spoiled by the mellifluousness of Indian English. The speaker's intention is, in the utterance, to define a word in as tangible a manner as possible. The r's are hard, and words like 'summer' are spoken as 'sum-mer'. On the other hand, this need for emphasis can also lead to a sense of anxiety about not relaying one's politeness in professional mails.
In June 2018, Shashi Tharoor wrote a piece for the Week and made a bold announcement: that in his college days, he had invented the word 'prepone'. Two columns later, Tharoor started his new piece with an apology for this 'immodest thought'. In truth, the very first use of the word 'prepone' is credited in 1913 to a J. J. D. Trenor in the New York Times. Tharoor's mistake is understandable, as the word is not as prevalent abroad as it is in India. Tharoor's two columns launch into interesting facts about the Indian English phenomenon. He notes the comical difference between 'mugging' in India and abroad. While Google would say that mugging means to be robbed in a public place, or to, as an actor, make great big comical faces, for Indians the word is popularly used by students to refer to cramming before an exam. And if they then tell you they 'passed out' of college? Congratulate them, because all that mugging has paid off. 'Passing out' is simply the Indian English way of saying 'I graduated', rather than the American or British English way of implying that after one too many keggers or drinks parties you will never graduate at all.

Q. What does the word 'skate' as used in the passage mean?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

There are believed to be at least 125 million speakers of English in India, which makes it the world's second-largest English-speaking country. This is reason enough for you to sit up and read this section, but the unique cultural differences between Indian English and our western mother tongue are, I think, utterly fascinating. I cannot hope but to skate blissfully along the surface of this deepest of linguistic oceans (how's that for a seasonal mix?), but I would like to share some of its historical roots.
English in India is usually associated with the British Raj, but Indian English as we know it today is an entirely different creature. Once recognised as the ruling language of the starch-shirted elite, Indian English now represents the unique socio-cultural mechanisms of this diverse, multilingual country. The sub-dialects vary according to region and the speaker's mother tongue. Numerous options and possibilities can be placed before 'English', and a completely different kind of hybrid and accent persists from state to state. One's linguistic background is made prominent by one's English. Delightfully, it is easy for one's ear to be spoiled by the mellifluousness of Indian English. The speaker's intention is, in the utterance, to define a word in as tangible a manner as possible. The r's are hard, and words like 'summer' are spoken as 'sum-mer'. On the other hand, this need for emphasis can also lead to a sense of anxiety about not relaying one's politeness in professional mails.
In June 2018, Shashi Tharoor wrote a piece for the Week and made a bold announcement: that in his college days, he had invented the word 'prepone'. Two columns later, Tharoor started his new piece with an apology for this 'immodest thought'. In truth, the very first use of the word 'prepone' is credited in 1913 to a J. J. D. Trenor in the New York Times. Tharoor's mistake is understandable, as the word is not as prevalent abroad as it is in India. Tharoor's two columns launch into interesting facts about the Indian English phenomenon. He notes the comical difference between 'mugging' in India and abroad. While Google would say that mugging means to be robbed in a public place, or to, as an actor, make great big comical faces, for Indians the word is popularly used by students to refer to cramming before an exam. And if they then tell you they 'passed out' of college? Congratulate them, because all that mugging has paid off. 'Passing out' is simply the Indian English way of saying 'I graduated', rather than the American or British English way of implying that after one too many keggers or drinks parties you will never graduate at all.

Q. What, according to the author, could be a cause of anxiety among speakers of Indian English?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

There are believed to be at least 125 million speakers of English in India, which makes it the world's second-largest English-speaking country. This is reason enough for you to sit up and read this section, but the unique cultural differences between Indian English and our western mother tongue are, I think, utterly fascinating. I cannot hope but to skate blissfully along the surface of this deepest of linguistic oceans (how's that for a seasonal mix?), but I would like to share some of its historical roots.
English in India is usually associated with the British Raj, but Indian English as we know it today is an entirely different creature. Once recognised as the ruling language of the starch-shirted elite, Indian English now represents the unique socio-cultural mechanisms of this diverse, multilingual country. The sub-dialects vary according to region and the speaker's mother tongue. Numerous options and possibilities can be placed before 'English', and a completely different kind of hybrid and accent persists from state to state. One's linguistic background is made prominent by one's English. Delightfully, it is easy for one's ear to be spoiled by the mellifluousness of Indian English. The speaker's intention is, in the utterance, to define a word in as tangible a manner as possible. The r's are hard, and words like 'summer' are spoken as 'sum-mer'. On the other hand, this need for emphasis can also lead to a sense of anxiety about not relaying one's politeness in professional mails.
In June 2018, Shashi Tharoor wrote a piece for the Week and made a bold announcement: that in his college days, he had invented the word 'prepone'. Two columns later, Tharoor started his new piece with an apology for this 'immodest thought'. In truth, the very first use of the word 'prepone' is credited in 1913 to a J. J. D. Trenor in the New York Times. Tharoor's mistake is understandable, as the word is not as prevalent abroad as it is in India. Tharoor's two columns launch into interesting facts about the Indian English phenomenon. He notes the comical difference between 'mugging' in India and abroad. While Google would say that mugging means to be robbed in a public place, or to, as an actor, make great big comical faces, for Indians the word is popularly used by students to refer to cramming before an exam. And if they then tell you they 'passed out' of college? Congratulate them, because all that mugging has paid off. 'Passing out' is simply the Indian English way of saying 'I graduated', rather than the American or British English way of implying that after one too many keggers or drinks parties you will never graduate at all.

Q. Why does the author mention about Tharoor's columns that state interesting facts about Indian English?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

“Finally, the new decade of 2020 has brought a new ray of hope in the life of the Bru-Reang community.” The agreement was an example of cooperative federalism, he said, thanking the Chief Ministers of Tripura and Mizoram for helping to conclude it. He said insurgency in the northeastern region had significantly come down, citing the recent surrender in Assam of 644 militants of [X] groups. Last year, he said, more than 80 insurgents returned to the mainstream in Tirpura. Tripura was the first State in the region to lift the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act.
Mr. Modi utilised the occasion to appeal for peace. “On the solemn occasion of the Republic Day, I would appeal to anyone in any part of the country, who’s still seeking solutions to problems through violence and weapons, to return to the mainstream,” he said.
Mr. Modi’s monthly radio address is the first of the year and the [Y] edition of the programme. The timing was changed to 6 p.m. from 11 a.m. in view of the Republic Day parade.

Q. Approximately how many Bru people are going back to Mizoram after this quadripartite agreement was signed among the Centre, state governments of Tripura and Mizoram and Bru-Reang representatives.

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

“Finally, the new decade of 2020 has brought a new ray of hope in the life of the Bru-Reang community.” The agreement was an example of cooperative federalism, he said, thanking the Chief Ministers of Tripura and Mizoram for helping to conclude it. He said insurgency in the northeastern region had significantly come down, citing the recent surrender in Assam of 644 militants of [X] groups. Last year, he said, more than 80 insurgents returned to the mainstream in Tirpura. Tripura was the first State in the region to lift the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act.
Mr. Modi utilised the occasion to appeal for peace. “On the solemn occasion of the Republic Day, I would appeal to anyone in any part of the country, who’s still seeking solutions to problems through violence and weapons, to return to the mainstream,” he said.
Mr. Modi’s monthly radio address is the first of the year and the [Y] edition of the programme. The timing was changed to 6 p.m. from 11 a.m. in view of the Republic Day parade.

Q. Which of the following organisation's militants surrendered?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

“Finally, the new decade of 2020 has brought a new ray of hope in the life of the Bru-Reang community.” The agreement was an example of cooperative federalism, he said, thanking the Chief Ministers of Tripura and Mizoram for helping to conclude it. He said insurgency in the northeastern region had significantly come down, citing the recent surrender in Assam of 644 militants of [X] groups. Last year, he said, more than 80 insurgents returned to the mainstream in Tirpura. Tripura was the first State in the region to lift the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act.
Mr. Modi utilised the occasion to appeal for peace. “On the solemn occasion of the Republic Day, I would appeal to anyone in any part of the country, who’s still seeking solutions to problems through violence and weapons, to return to the mainstream,” he said.
Mr. Modi’s monthly radio address is the first of the year and the [Y] edition of the programme. The timing was changed to 6 p.m. from 11 a.m. in view of the Republic Day parade.

Q. The highest number of 301 militants who surrendered belonged to which of the following

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

“Finally, the new decade of 2020 has brought a new ray of hope in the life of the Bru-Reang community.” The agreement was an example of cooperative federalism, he said, thanking the Chief Ministers of Tripura and Mizoram for helping to conclude it. He said insurgency in the northeastern region had significantly come down, citing the recent surrender in Assam of 644 militants of [X] groups. Last year, he said, more than 80 insurgents returned to the mainstream in Tirpura. Tripura was the first State in the region to lift the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act.
Mr. Modi utilised the occasion to appeal for peace. “On the solemn occasion of the Republic Day, I would appeal to anyone in any part of the country, who’s still seeking solutions to problems through violence and weapons, to return to the mainstream,” he said.
Mr. Modi’s monthly radio address is the first of the year and the [Y] edition of the programme. The timing was changed to 6 p.m. from 11 a.m. in view of the Republic Day parade.

Q. Which of the following can replace [Y] in the above Paragraph?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

“Finally, the new decade of 2020 has brought a new ray of hope in the life of the Bru-Reang community.” The agreement was an example of cooperative federalism, he said, thanking the Chief Ministers of Tripura and Mizoram for helping to conclude it. He said insurgency in the northeastern region had significantly come down, citing the recent surrender in Assam of 644 militants of [X] groups. Last year, he said, more than 80 insurgents returned to the mainstream in Tirpura. Tripura was the first State in the region to lift the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act.
Mr. Modi utilised the occasion to appeal for peace. “On the solemn occasion of the Republic Day, I would appeal to anyone in any part of the country, who’s still seeking solutions to problems through violence and weapons, to return to the mainstream,” he said.
Mr. Modi’s monthly radio address is the first of the year and the [Y] edition of the programme. The timing was changed to 6 p.m. from 11 a.m. in view of the Republic Day parade.

Q. Armed Forces Special Power Act (AFSPA-1958) till now applied to how many States or UTs?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

“Finally, the new decade of 2020 has brought a new ray of hope in the life of the Bru-Reang community.” The agreement was an example of cooperative federalism, he said, thanking the Chief Ministers of Tripura and Mizoram for helping to conclude it. He said insurgency in the northeastern region had significantly come down, citing the recent surrender in Assam of 644 militants of [X] groups. Last year, he said, more than 80 insurgents returned to the mainstream in Tirpura. Tripura was the first State in the region to lift the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act.
Mr. Modi utilised the occasion to appeal for peace. “On the solemn occasion of the Republic Day, I would appeal to anyone in any part of the country, who’s still seeking solutions to problems through violence and weapons, to return to the mainstream,” he said.
Mr. Modi’s monthly radio address is the first of the year and the [Y] edition of the programme. The timing was changed to 6 p.m. from 11 a.m. in view of the Republic Day parade.

Q. Which of the following can replace [X] in the above paragraph?

Q. Narendera Modi is ____ longest serving Prime Minister of India.

Q. In 2019 Lok Sabha elections were held for the ___ time

Q. Inner line permit at present is in how many states

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

Union Home Minister Shri Amit Shah launched '__{X}__' and 'VISWAS' projects of Gujarat police for cyber security which aim to prevent cyber crime and enhance cyber security. On this occasion, he said, "In order to ensure peace and security in the society, proper compliance with the law and order is essential." As the global challenges of cyber crime have arisen in the changing times, optimal use of technology is essential to control the law and order situation. Gujarat government's initiatives like '__{X}__', and 'VISWAS' projects will be fruitful in this direction. Shri Amit Shah said that Gujarat has been a leader in every field. This approach was first initiated by the then Chief Minister and the then Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. Under these projects, everything can be monitored and analysed for each city of state by CCTV from one place. Congratulations to the Chief Minister, Home Minister and the state police chief on this arrangement.
Commendable efforts of Gujarat Police in reducing crime rate, Mr. Shah said that Gujarat has the image of the safest state in the country. While global challenges have arisen in the field of cyber crime in the changing times, these projects will not only be useful to curb crime in the region but will also reliably assure people suffering from cyber crime. With the inauguration of 'VISWAS' project, Union Home Minister inaugurated 'NETRANG' Command and Control Centre.
The Chief Minister said that '__{X}__' and 'VISWAS' projects will be important tool for catching the criminals who cheat people through online cheating and cyber crime.
The 'VISWAS' project will enhance the security of the people of the state and their confidence for security. The projects include '___(blank 1)___' -VISWAS project, 'NETRANG' project to establish Command and Control Room, online portal to pay E-Challan and Cyber Crime Prevention Unit- '__{X}__'.
The Chief Minister also said that confidence in the morale and work preparedness of the police force will be strengthened. In addition, setting up 7500 cameras in the state at 1500 locations and connection with command control centre would result in immediate crime detection.

Q. In the above passage, the name of the initiative has been redacted with '__{X}__'. What is the name of the initiative?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

Union Home Minister Shri Amit Shah launched '__{X}__' and 'VISWAS' projects of Gujarat police for cyber security which aim to prevent cyber crime and enhance cyber security. On this occasion, he said, "In order to ensure peace and security in the society, proper compliance with the law and order is essential." As the global challenges of cyber crime have arisen in the changing times, optimal use of technology is essential to control the law and order situation. Gujarat government's initiatives like '__{X}__', and 'VISWAS' projects will be fruitful in this direction. Shri Amit Shah said that Gujarat has been a leader in every field. This approach was first initiated by the then Chief Minister and the then Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. Under these projects, everything can be monitored and analysed for each city of state by CCTV from one place. Congratulations to the Chief Minister, Home Minister and the state police chief on this arrangement.
Commendable efforts of Gujarat Police in reducing crime rate, Mr. Shah said that Gujarat has the image of the safest state in the country. While global challenges have arisen in the field of cyber crime in the changing times, these projects will not only be useful to curb crime in the region but will also reliably assure people suffering from cyber crime. With the inauguration of 'VISWAS' project, Union Home Minister inaugurated 'NETRANG' Command and Control Centre.
The Chief Minister said that '__{X}__' and 'VISWAS' projects will be important tool for catching the criminals who cheat people through online cheating and cyber crime.
The 'VISWAS' project will enhance the security of the people of the state and their confidence for security. The projects include '___(blank 1)___' -VISWAS project, 'NETRANG' project to establish Command and Control Room, online portal to pay E-Challan and Cyber Crime Prevention Unit- '__{X}__'.
The Chief Minister also said that confidence in the morale and work preparedness of the police force will be strengthened. In addition, setting up 7500 cameras in the state at 1500 locations and connection with command control centre would result in immediate crime detection.

Q. Give the full form of 'VISWAS' as redacted with '___(blank 1)___' in the above passage.

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

Union Home Minister Shri Amit Shah launched '__{X}__' and 'VISWAS' projects of Gujarat police for cyber security which aim to prevent cyber crime and enhance cyber security. On this occasion, he said, "In order to ensure peace and security in the society, proper compliance with the law and order is essential." As the global challenges of cyber crime have arisen in the changing times, optimal use of technology is essential to control the law and order situation. Gujarat government's initiatives like '__{X}__', and 'VISWAS' projects will be fruitful in this direction. Shri Amit Shah said that Gujarat has been a leader in every field. This approach was first initiated by the then Chief Minister and the then Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. Under these projects, everything can be monitored and analysed for each city of state by CCTV from one place. Congratulations to the Chief Minister, Home Minister and the state police chief on this arrangement.
Commendable efforts of Gujarat Police in reducing crime rate, Mr. Shah said that Gujarat has the image of the safest state in the country. While global challenges have arisen in the field of cyber crime in the changing times, these projects will not only be useful to curb crime in the region but will also reliably assure people suffering from cyber crime. With the inauguration of 'VISWAS' project, Union Home Minister inaugurated 'NETRANG' Command and Control Centre.
The Chief Minister said that '__{X}__' and 'VISWAS' projects will be important tool for catching the criminals who cheat people through online cheating and cyber crime.
The 'VISWAS' project will enhance the security of the people of the state and their confidence for security. The projects include '___(blank 1)___' -VISWAS project, 'NETRANG' project to establish Command and Control Room, online portal to pay E-Challan and Cyber Crime Prevention Unit- '__{X}__'.
The Chief Minister also said that confidence in the morale and work preparedness of the police force will be strengthened. In addition, setting up 7500 cameras in the state at 1500 locations and connection with command control centre would result in immediate crime detection.

Q. After reading the above passage and statements below, choose the correct option.
Statement I: VISWAS project establishes command and control centre in 33 districts.
Statement II: '__{X}__' is an online portal to pay E-Challan.

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

Union Home Minister Shri Amit Shah launched '__{X}__' and 'VISWAS' projects of Gujarat police for cyber security which aim to prevent cyber crime and enhance cyber security. On this occasion, he said, "In order to ensure peace and security in the society, proper compliance with the law and order is essential." As the global challenges of cyber crime have arisen in the changing times, optimal use of technology is essential to control the law and order situation. Gujarat government's initiatives like '__{X}__', and 'VISWAS' projects will be fruitful in this direction. Shri Amit Shah said that Gujarat has been a leader in every field. This approach was first initiated by the then Chief Minister and the then Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. Under these projects, everything can be monitored and analysed for each city of state by CCTV from one place. Congratulations to the Chief Minister, Home Minister and the state police chief on this arrangement.
Commendable efforts of Gujarat Police in reducing crime rate, Mr. Shah said that Gujarat has the image of the safest state in the country. While global challenges have arisen in the field of cyber crime in the changing times, these projects will not only be useful to curb crime in the region but will also reliably assure people suffering from cyber crime. With the inauguration of 'VISWAS' project, Union Home Minister inaugurated 'NETRANG' Command and Control Centre.
The Chief Minister said that '__{X}__' and 'VISWAS' projects will be important tool for catching the criminals who cheat people through online cheating and cyber crime.
The 'VISWAS' project will enhance the security of the people of the state and their confidence for security. The projects include '___(blank 1)___' -VISWAS project, 'NETRANG' project to establish Command and Control Room, online portal to pay E-Challan and Cyber Crime Prevention Unit- '__{X}__'.
The Chief Minister also said that confidence in the morale and work preparedness of the police force will be strengthened. In addition, setting up 7500 cameras in the state at 1500 locations and connection with command control centre would result in immediate crime detection.

Q. In India, which law deals with the cyber crime?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

Union Home Minister Shri Amit Shah launched '__{X}__' and 'VISWAS' projects of Gujarat police for cyber security which aim to prevent cyber crime and enhance cyber security. On this occasion, he said, "In order to ensure peace and security in the society, proper compliance with the law and order is essential." As the global challenges of cyber crime have arisen in the changing times, optimal use of technology is essential to control the law and order situation. Gujarat government's initiatives like '__{X}__', and 'VISWAS' projects will be fruitful in this direction. Shri Amit Shah said that Gujarat has been a leader in every field. This approach was first initiated by the then Chief Minister and the then Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. Under these projects, everything can be monitored and analysed for each city of state by CCTV from one place. Congratulations to the Chief Minister, Home Minister and the state police chief on this arrangement.
Commendable efforts of Gujarat Police in reducing crime rate, Mr. Shah said that Gujarat has the image of the safest state in the country. While global challenges have arisen in the field of cyber crime in the changing times, these projects will not only be useful to curb crime in the region but will also reliably assure people suffering from cyber crime. With the inauguration of 'VISWAS' project, Union Home Minister inaugurated 'NETRANG' Command and Control Centre.
The Chief Minister said that '__{X}__' and 'VISWAS' projects will be important tool for catching the criminals who cheat people through online cheating and cyber crime.
The 'VISWAS' project will enhance the security of the people of the state and their confidence for security. The projects include '___(blank 1)___' -VISWAS project, 'NETRANG' project to establish Command and Control Room, online portal to pay E-Challan and Cyber Crime Prevention Unit- '__{X}__'.
The Chief Minister also said that confidence in the morale and work preparedness of the police force will be strengthened. In addition, setting up 7500 cameras in the state at 1500 locations and connection with command control centre would result in immediate crime detection.

Q. Which state introduced India's first Cyber Crime Prevention Unit?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

The European Parliament (EP) is the legislative branch of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union, it adopts European legislation, normally on a proposal from the European Commission. The Parliament is composed of [X] members (MEPs), intended to become 705 starting from the 2019–2024 legislature because of specific provisions adopted about Brexit. The Parliament represents the second-largest democratic electorate in the world [after the Parliament of (1)] and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).
EU Parliament intend to move a draft resolution on the CAA. The CAA is a matter that is entirely internal to India. Moreover, this legislation has been adopted by due process and through democratic means after a public debate in both Houses of Parliament,” sources in the government said.
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA) enables migrants/foreigners of six minority communities from three specified countries who have come to India because of persecution on grounds of their religion to apply for Indian citizenship.
The European Commission Vice-President/High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR/VP) Josep Borell will first deliver a statement on “India's Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019”, the published plenary agenda says. The EU parliament had discussed developments in Jammu and Kashmir in September 2019, but had not ended in a vote. In October 2019 the government had even facilitated a visit by 22 EU MEPs to Delhi and Srinagar, but the effort doesn’t appear to have had the desired effect on the European Parliament.
Sources said the issues had been discussed when Mr. Borrell met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi and External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar on the sidelines of the Raisina Dialogue conference earlier this month. The sources indicated that a visit by European Union envoys to Jammu and Kashmir, that has been discussed for several weeks, has now been put off until March this year, after the EU-India summit is held on March 13, but didn’t specify reasons for the delay.

Q. Where is the headquarter of European Union?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

The European Parliament (EP) is the legislative branch of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union, it adopts European legislation, normally on a proposal from the European Commission. The Parliament is composed of [X] members (MEPs), intended to become 705 starting from the 2019–2024 legislature because of specific provisions adopted about Brexit. The Parliament represents the second-largest democratic electorate in the world [after the Parliament of (1)] and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).
EU Parliament intend to move a draft resolution on the CAA. The CAA is a matter that is entirely internal to India. Moreover, this legislation has been adopted by due process and through democratic means after a public debate in both Houses of Parliament,” sources in the government said.
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA) enables migrants/foreigners of six minority communities from three specified countries who have come to India because of persecution on grounds of their religion to apply for Indian citizenship.
The European Commission Vice-President/High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR/VP) Josep Borell will first deliver a statement on “India's Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019”, the published plenary agenda says. The EU parliament had discussed developments in Jammu and Kashmir in September 2019, but had not ended in a vote. In October 2019 the government had even facilitated a visit by 22 EU MEPs to Delhi and Srinagar, but the effort doesn’t appear to have had the desired effect on the European Parliament.
Sources said the issues had been discussed when Mr. Borrell met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi and External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar on the sidelines of the Raisina Dialogue conference earlier this month. The sources indicated that a visit by European Union envoys to Jammu and Kashmir, that has been discussed for several weeks, has now been put off until March this year, after the EU-India summit is held on March 13, but didn’t specify reasons for the delay.

Q. What does (X) represent in the above paragraph?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

The European Parliament (EP) is the legislative branch of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union, it adopts European legislation, normally on a proposal from the European Commission. The Parliament is composed of [X] members (MEPs), intended to become 705 starting from the 2019–2024 legislature because of specific provisions adopted about Brexit. The Parliament represents the second-largest democratic electorate in the world [after the Parliament of (1)] and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).
EU Parliament intend to move a draft resolution on the CAA. The CAA is a matter that is entirely internal to India. Moreover, this legislation has been adopted by due process and through democratic means after a public debate in both Houses of Parliament,” sources in the government said.
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA) enables migrants/foreigners of six minority communities from three specified countries who have come to India because of persecution on grounds of their religion to apply for Indian citizenship.
The European Commission Vice-President/High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR/VP) Josep Borell will first deliver a statement on “India's Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019”, the published plenary agenda says. The EU parliament had discussed developments in Jammu and Kashmir in September 2019, but had not ended in a vote. In October 2019 the government had even facilitated a visit by 22 EU MEPs to Delhi and Srinagar, but the effort doesn’t appear to have had the desired effect on the European Parliament.
Sources said the issues had been discussed when Mr. Borrell met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi and External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar on the sidelines of the Raisina Dialogue conference earlier this month. The sources indicated that a visit by European Union envoys to Jammu and Kashmir, that has been discussed for several weeks, has now been put off until March this year, after the EU-India summit is held on March 13, but didn’t specify reasons for the delay.

Q. Who is the president of European Union?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

The European Parliament (EP) is the legislative branch of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union, it adopts European legislation, normally on a proposal from the European Commission. The Parliament is composed of [X] members (MEPs), intended to become 705 starting from the 2019–2024 legislature because of specific provisions adopted about Brexit. The Parliament represents the second-largest democratic electorate in the world [after the Parliament of (1)] and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).
EU Parliament intend to move a draft resolution on the CAA. The CAA is a matter that is entirely internal to India. Moreover, this legislation has been adopted by due process and through democratic means after a public debate in both Houses of Parliament,” sources in the government said.
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA) enables migrants/foreigners of six minority communities from three specified countries who have come to India because of persecution on grounds of their religion to apply for Indian citizenship.
The European Commission Vice-President/High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR/VP) Josep Borell will first deliver a statement on “India's Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019”, the published plenary agenda says. The EU parliament had discussed developments in Jammu and Kashmir in September 2019, but had not ended in a vote. In October 2019 the government had even facilitated a visit by 22 EU MEPs to Delhi and Srinagar, but the effort doesn’t appear to have had the desired effect on the European Parliament.
Sources said the issues had been discussed when Mr. Borrell met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi and External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar on the sidelines of the Raisina Dialogue conference earlier this month. The sources indicated that a visit by European Union envoys to Jammu and Kashmir, that has been discussed for several weeks, has now been put off until March this year, after the EU-India summit is held on March 13, but didn’t specify reasons for the delay.

Q. The CAA amendment seeks the naturalisation years come down to 5 years from years earlier

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

The European Parliament (EP) is the legislative branch of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union, it adopts European legislation, normally on a proposal from the European Commission. The Parliament is composed of [X] members (MEPs), intended to become 705 starting from the 2019–2024 legislature because of specific provisions adopted about Brexit. The Parliament represents the second-largest democratic electorate in the world [after the Parliament of (1)] and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).
EU Parliament intend to move a draft resolution on the CAA. The CAA is a matter that is entirely internal to India. Moreover, this legislation has been adopted by due process and through democratic means after a public debate in both Houses of Parliament,” sources in the government said.
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA) enables migrants/foreigners of six minority communities from three specified countries who have come to India because of persecution on grounds of their religion to apply for Indian citizenship.
The European Commission Vice-President/High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR/VP) Josep Borell will first deliver a statement on “India's Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019”, the published plenary agenda says. The EU parliament had discussed developments in Jammu and Kashmir in September 2019, but had not ended in a vote. In October 2019 the government had even facilitated a visit by 22 EU MEPs to Delhi and Srinagar, but the effort doesn’t appear to have had the desired effect on the European Parliament.
Sources said the issues had been discussed when Mr. Borrell met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi and External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar on the sidelines of the Raisina Dialogue conference earlier this month. The sources indicated that a visit by European Union envoys to Jammu and Kashmir, that has been discussed for several weeks, has now been put off until March this year, after the EU-India summit is held on March 13, but didn’t specify reasons for the delay.

Q. Which of the following acts also got amended along with citizenship act of 1955?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

The European Parliament (EP) is the legislative branch of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union, it adopts European legislation, normally on a proposal from the European Commission. The Parliament is composed of [X] members (MEPs), intended to become 705 starting from the 2019–2024 legislature because of specific provisions adopted about Brexit. The Parliament represents the second-largest democratic electorate in the world [after the Parliament of (1)] and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).
EU Parliament intend to move a draft resolution on the CAA. The CAA is a matter that is entirely internal to India. Moreover, this legislation has been adopted by due process and through democratic means after a public debate in both Houses of Parliament,” sources in the government said.
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA) enables migrants/foreigners of six minority communities from three specified countries who have come to India because of persecution on grounds of their religion to apply for Indian citizenship.
The European Commission Vice-President/High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR/VP) Josep Borell will first deliver a statement on “India's Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019”, the published plenary agenda says. The EU parliament had discussed developments in Jammu and Kashmir in September 2019, but had not ended in a vote. In October 2019 the government had even facilitated a visit by 22 EU MEPs to Delhi and Srinagar, but the effort doesn’t appear to have had the desired effect on the European Parliament.
Sources said the issues had been discussed when Mr. Borrell met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi and External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar on the sidelines of the Raisina Dialogue conference earlier this month. The sources indicated that a visit by European Union envoys to Jammu and Kashmir, that has been discussed for several weeks, has now been put off until March this year, after the EU-India summit is held on March 13, but didn’t specify reasons for the delay.

Q. One can acquire Indian citizenship by how many ways?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

The European Parliament (EP) is the legislative branch of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union, it adopts European legislation, normally on a proposal from the European Commission. The Parliament is composed of [X] members (MEPs), intended to become 705 starting from the 2019–2024 legislature because of specific provisions adopted about Brexit. The Parliament represents the second-largest democratic electorate in the world [after the Parliament of (1)] and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).
EU Parliament intend to move a draft resolution on the CAA. The CAA is a matter that is entirely internal to India. Moreover, this legislation has been adopted by due process and through democratic means after a public debate in both Houses of Parliament,” sources in the government said.
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA) enables migrants/foreigners of six minority communities from three specified countries who have come to India because of persecution on grounds of their religion to apply for Indian citizenship.
The European Commission Vice-President/High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR/VP) Josep Borell will first deliver a statement on “India's Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019”, the published plenary agenda says. The EU parliament had discussed developments in Jammu and Kashmir in September 2019, but had not ended in a vote. In October 2019 the government had even facilitated a visit by 22 EU MEPs to Delhi and Srinagar, but the effort doesn’t appear to have had the desired effect on the European Parliament.
Sources said the issues had been discussed when Mr. Borrell met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi and External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar on the sidelines of the Raisina Dialogue conference earlier this month. The sources indicated that a visit by European Union envoys to Jammu and Kashmir, that has been discussed for several weeks, has now been put off until March this year, after the EU-India summit is held on March 13, but didn’t specify reasons for the delay.

Q. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was founded on 14th December 1950 and headquartered in

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

The European Parliament (EP) is the legislative branch of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union, it adopts European legislation, normally on a proposal from the European Commission. The Parliament is composed of [X] members (MEPs), intended to become 705 starting from the 2019–2024 legislature because of specific provisions adopted about Brexit. The Parliament represents the second-largest democratic electorate in the world [after the Parliament of (1)] and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).
EU Parliament intend to move a draft resolution on the CAA. The CAA is a matter that is entirely internal to India. Moreover, this legislation has been adopted by due process and through democratic means after a public debate in both Houses of Parliament,” sources in the government said.
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA) enables migrants/foreigners of six minority communities from three specified countries who have come to India because of persecution on grounds of their religion to apply for Indian citizenship.
The European Commission Vice-President/High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR/VP) Josep Borell will first deliver a statement on “India's Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019”, the published plenary agenda says. The EU parliament had discussed developments in Jammu and Kashmir in September 2019, but had not ended in a vote. In October 2019 the government had even facilitated a visit by 22 EU MEPs to Delhi and Srinagar, but the effort doesn’t appear to have had the desired effect on the European Parliament.
Sources said the issues had been discussed when Mr. Borrell met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi and External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar on the sidelines of the Raisina Dialogue conference earlier this month. The sources indicated that a visit by European Union envoys to Jammu and Kashmir, that has been discussed for several weeks, has now been put off until March this year, after the EU-India summit is held on March 13, but didn’t specify reasons for the delay.

Q. Which of the following can replace (X) in the above Paragraph?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

India and Pakistan on January 1, 2020 exchanged lists of nuclear installations that cannot be attacked in the event of hostilities, maintaining a tradition dating back nearly three decades.
The two countries also exchanged lists of their nationals held in prisons of the other country, with New Delhi seeking the early release of Indian civilian prisoners, missing defence personnel and fishermen.
The lists of nuclear installations were exchanged simultaneously through diplomatic channels in New Delhi and Islamabad. These facilities are covered by the Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations. The Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations and Facilities between India and Pakistan was signed on December 31, 1988 and entered into force on January 27, 1991.
Under the pact, the two countries inform each other of nuclear installations to be covered under the agreement on January 1 every year. This was the 29^th consecutive exchange of such lists, with the first one having taken place in January 1992. Both sides do not disclose details of the facilities.
The lists of prisoners were exchanged under the ____(X)____. India handed over a list of 267 Pakistani civilians and 99 fishermen who are in its custody. Pakistan shared a list of 55 civilians and 227 fishermen in its custody, who are Indians or believed to be Indians, the Ministry of External Affairs said in a statement.
The Pakistani side was asked to expedite the release of four Indian civilians and 126 fishermen whose nationality has been confirmed and conveyed to Pakistan.
India asked Pakistan to grant visas to a team of medical experts and facilitate their visit to assess the mental condition of "believed-to-be Indian prisoners of unsound mind, lodged in different jails of Pakistan".
It asked Pakistan to organise an early visit of the Joint Judicial Committee, which is covered by the ____(X)____, and to also organise the visit of a ____(Y)____ to facilitate the release of 22 Indian fishing boats.
India also asked Pakistan to act speedily to confirm the nationality of 82 Pakistani prisoners, whose repatriation has been held up as Islamabad hasn't yet confirmed their citizenship.
The agreement (____(X)____) helped speed up the identification and release of hundreds of prisoners, a majority of them were fishermen. However, the process has been hit in recent years by tensions between the two sides.

Q. In the above passage, the name of the agreement has been redacted with '____(X)____'. What is the name of the agreement?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

India and Pakistan on January 1, 2020 exchanged lists of nuclear installations that cannot be attacked in the event of hostilities, maintaining a tradition dating back nearly three decades.
The two countries also exchanged lists of their nationals held in prisons of the other country, with New Delhi seeking the early release of Indian civilian prisoners, missing defence personnel and fishermen.
The lists of nuclear installations were exchanged simultaneously through diplomatic channels in New Delhi and Islamabad. These facilities are covered by the Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations. The Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations and Facilities between India and Pakistan was signed on December 31, 1988 and entered into force on January 27, 1991.
Under the pact, the two countries inform each other of nuclear installations to be covered under the agreement on January 1 every year. This was the 29^th consecutive exchange of such lists, with the first one having taken place in January 1992. Both sides do not disclose details of the facilities.
The lists of prisoners were exchanged under the ____(X)____. India handed over a list of 267 Pakistani civilians and 99 fishermen who are in its custody. Pakistan shared a list of 55 civilians and 227 fishermen in its custody, who are Indians or believed to be Indians, the Ministry of External Affairs said in a statement.
The Pakistani side was asked to expedite the release of four Indian civilians and 126 fishermen whose nationality has been confirmed and conveyed to Pakistan.
India asked Pakistan to grant visas to a team of medical experts and facilitate their visit to assess the mental condition of "believed-to-be Indian prisoners of unsound mind, lodged in different jails of Pakistan".
It asked Pakistan to organise an early visit of the Joint Judicial Committee, which is covered by the ____(X)____, and to also organise the visit of a ____(Y)____ to facilitate the release of 22 Indian fishing boats.
India also asked Pakistan to act speedily to confirm the nationality of 82 Pakistani prisoners, whose repatriation has been held up as Islamabad hasn't yet confirmed their citizenship.
The agreement (____(X)____) helped speed up the identification and release of hundreds of prisoners, a majority of them were fishermen. However, the process has been hit in recent years by tensions between the two sides.

Q. In the above passage, whose visit has been redacted with '____(Y)____'?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

India and Pakistan on January 1, 2020 exchanged lists of nuclear installations that cannot be attacked in the event of hostilities, maintaining a tradition dating back nearly three decades.
The two countries also exchanged lists of their nationals held in prisons of the other country, with New Delhi seeking the early release of Indian civilian prisoners, missing defence personnel and fishermen.
The lists of nuclear installations were exchanged simultaneously through diplomatic channels in New Delhi and Islamabad. These facilities are covered by the Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations. The Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations and Facilities between India and Pakistan was signed on December 31, 1988 and entered into force on January 27, 1991.
Under the pact, the two countries inform each other of nuclear installations to be covered under the agreement on January 1 every year. This was the 29^th consecutive exchange of such lists, with the first one having taken place in January 1992. Both sides do not disclose details of the facilities.
The lists of prisoners were exchanged under the ____(X)____. India handed over a list of 267 Pakistani civilians and 99 fishermen who are in its custody. Pakistan shared a list of 55 civilians and 227 fishermen in its custody, who are Indians or believed to be Indians, the Ministry of External Affairs said in a statement.
The Pakistani side was asked to expedite the release of four Indian civilians and 126 fishermen whose nationality has been confirmed and conveyed to Pakistan.
India asked Pakistan to grant visas to a team of medical experts and facilitate their visit to assess the mental condition of "believed-to-be Indian prisoners of unsound mind, lodged in different jails of Pakistan".
It asked Pakistan to organise an early visit of the Joint Judicial Committee, which is covered by the ____(X)____, and to also organise the visit of a ____(Y)____ to facilitate the release of 22 Indian fishing boats.
India also asked Pakistan to act speedily to confirm the nationality of 82 Pakistani prisoners, whose repatriation has been held up as Islamabad hasn't yet confirmed their citizenship.
The agreement (____(X)____) helped speed up the identification and release of hundreds of prisoners, a majority of them were fishermen. However, the process has been hit in recent years by tensions between the two sides.

Q. After reading the above passage and statements below, choose the correct option.
Statement I: Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations was signed between PM Rajeev Gandhi and the then Pakistani president Muhammad Khan Junejo.
Statement II: The Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations and Facilities between India and Pakistan was signed on December 31, 1988.

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

India and Pakistan on January 1, 2020 exchanged lists of nuclear installations that cannot be attacked in the event of hostilities, maintaining a tradition dating back nearly three decades.
The two countries also exchanged lists of their nationals held in prisons of the other country, with New Delhi seeking the early release of Indian civilian prisoners, missing defence personnel and fishermen.
The lists of nuclear installations were exchanged simultaneously through diplomatic channels in New Delhi and Islamabad. These facilities are covered by the Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations. The Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations and Facilities between India and Pakistan was signed on December 31, 1988 and entered into force on January 27, 1991.
Under the pact, the two countries inform each other of nuclear installations to be covered under the agreement on January 1 every year. This was the 29^th consecutive exchange of such lists, with the first one having taken place in January 1992. Both sides do not disclose details of the facilities.
The lists of prisoners were exchanged under the ____(X)____. India handed over a list of 267 Pakistani civilians and 99 fishermen who are in its custody. Pakistan shared a list of 55 civilians and 227 fishermen in its custody, who are Indians or believed to be Indians, the Ministry of External Affairs said in a statement.
The Pakistani side was asked to expedite the release of four Indian civilians and 126 fishermen whose nationality has been confirmed and conveyed to Pakistan.
India asked Pakistan to grant visas to a team of medical experts and facilitate their visit to assess the mental condition of "believed-to-be Indian prisoners of unsound mind, lodged in different jails of Pakistan".
It asked Pakistan to organise an early visit of the Joint Judicial Committee, which is covered by the ____(X)____, and to also organise the visit of a ____(Y)____ to facilitate the release of 22 Indian fishing boats.
India also asked Pakistan to act speedily to confirm the nationality of 82 Pakistani prisoners, whose repatriation has been held up as Islamabad hasn't yet confirmed their citizenship.
The agreement (____(X)____) helped speed up the identification and release of hundreds of prisoners, a majority of them were fishermen. However, the process has been hit in recent years by tensions between the two sides.

Q. Under the agreement redacted with '____(X)____', how many times does the list of prisoners have to be released in a year?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

India and Pakistan on January 1, 2020 exchanged lists of nuclear installations that cannot be attacked in the event of hostilities, maintaining a tradition dating back nearly three decades.
The two countries also exchanged lists of their nationals held in prisons of the other country, with New Delhi seeking the early release of Indian civilian prisoners, missing defence personnel and fishermen.
The lists of nuclear installations were exchanged simultaneously through diplomatic channels in New Delhi and Islamabad. These facilities are covered by the Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations. The Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations and Facilities between India and Pakistan was signed on December 31, 1988 and entered into force on January 27, 1991.
Under the pact, the two countries inform each other of nuclear installations to be covered under the agreement on January 1 every year. This was the 29^th consecutive exchange of such lists, with the first one having taken place in January 1992. Both sides do not disclose details of the facilities.
The lists of prisoners were exchanged under the ____(X)____. India handed over a list of 267 Pakistani civilians and 99 fishermen who are in its custody. Pakistan shared a list of 55 civilians and 227 fishermen in its custody, who are Indians or believed to be Indians, the Ministry of External Affairs said in a statement.
The Pakistani side was asked to expedite the release of four Indian civilians and 126 fishermen whose nationality has been confirmed and conveyed to Pakistan.
India asked Pakistan to grant visas to a team of medical experts and facilitate their visit to assess the mental condition of "believed-to-be Indian prisoners of unsound mind, lodged in different jails of Pakistan".
It asked Pakistan to organise an early visit of the Joint Judicial Committee, which is covered by the ____(X)____, and to also organise the visit of a ____(Y)____ to facilitate the release of 22 Indian fishing boats.
India also asked Pakistan to act speedily to confirm the nationality of 82 Pakistani prisoners, whose repatriation has been held up as Islamabad hasn't yet confirmed their citizenship.
The agreement (____(X)____) helped speed up the identification and release of hundreds of prisoners, a majority of them were fishermen. However, the process has been hit in recent years by tensions between the two sides.

Q. Who is the Prime Minister of Pakistan as in 2020?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

The deliberations, in Beijing, of the Asia-Pacific joint group of the global watchdog on terror financing and money laundering, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), gave Pakistan some encouraging news: that it had progressed in its efforts to avoid a blacklisting. A final decision will be taken at a plenary meeting of the body, expected in Paris next month: in keeping Pakistan on the current “grey list”, downgrading it to a (1)”, or letting it off altogether for the moment. The [Z]member body had determined that Pakistan was to be placed on the grey list in 2018, and presented it a [X] list of actions. These included freezing the funds of UN Security Council entities such as 26/11 mastermind Hafiz Saeed and the LeT, the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) and other Taliban- affiliated groups. The actions entailed a sustained effort to bring legal action against these groups, and also called for changes to Pakistani law in line with global standards for measures against money laundering and financing terrorism. Unlike in October 2019, when Pakistan had completed five points, the Beijing meeting has cleared it on *Y+. While Pakistan’s progress will come as a disappointment to India — it wants more scrutiny of Pakistan’s support to terror groups lest Islamabad feels it has been let off the hook — there are a few points to consider. First, the grey listing is not new. Pakistan was placed on it in 2012, and was removed in 2015 after it passed a National Action Plan to deal with terrorism following the 2014 Peshawar School massacre. It was also placed under severe restrictions in the years 2008-2012, after the Mumbai attack. Second, this last grey list period has already seen some Indian demands met, including the chargesheeting of Hafiz Saeed for terror financing, and the addition of JeM chief Masood Azhar to the UNSC 1267 list. Finally, although the FATF is a technical organisation, there is no doubting that geopolitics and bilateral deals play a part in deciding outcomes.
As a result, New Delhi must study the politics behind Pakistan’s FATF “progress”. Officials have suggested that Pakistan’s role in ensuring Taliban talks are brought to a successful conclusion soon may have weighed with the U.S. and its allies in the grouping. Other countries may have determined that with China in the president’s chair, and the backing of Turkey and Malaysia, Pakistan could escape being blacklisted in any case, and dropped the effort. India’s recent troubles on the international stage, including the UNSC where China has been allowed to raise the Kashmir issue twice in five months, after nearly five decades, may also be a reason its objections at the Beijing discussions were not considered as carefully as in the past.

Q. [X] in the above Paragraph will be replaced by

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

The deliberations, in Beijing, of the Asia-Pacific joint group of the global watchdog on terror financing and money laundering, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), gave Pakistan some encouraging news: that it had progressed in its efforts to avoid a blacklisting. A final decision will be taken at a plenary meeting of the body, expected in Paris next month: in keeping Pakistan on the current “grey list”, downgrading it to a (1)”, or letting it off altogether for the moment. The [Z]member body had determined that Pakistan was to be placed on the grey list in 2018, and presented it a [X] list of actions. These included freezing the funds of UN Security Council entities such as 26/11 mastermind Hafiz Saeed and the LeT, the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) and other Taliban- affiliated groups. The actions entailed a sustained effort to bring legal action against these groups, and also called for changes to Pakistani law in line with global standards for measures against money laundering and financing terrorism. Unlike in October 2019, when Pakistan had completed five points, the Beijing meeting has cleared it on *Y+. While Pakistan’s progress will come as a disappointment to India — it wants more scrutiny of Pakistan’s support to terror groups lest Islamabad feels it has been let off the hook — there are a few points to consider. First, the grey listing is not new. Pakistan was placed on it in 2012, and was removed in 2015 after it passed a National Action Plan to deal with terrorism following the 2014 Peshawar School massacre. It was also placed under severe restrictions in the years 2008-2012, after the Mumbai attack. Second, this last grey list period has already seen some Indian demands met, including the chargesheeting of Hafiz Saeed for terror financing, and the addition of JeM chief Masood Azhar to the UNSC 1267 list. Finally, although the FATF is a technical organisation, there is no doubting that geopolitics and bilateral deals play a part in deciding outcomes.
As a result, New Delhi must study the politics behind Pakistan’s FATF “progress”. Officials have suggested that Pakistan’s role in ensuring Taliban talks are brought to a successful conclusion soon may have weighed with the U.S. and its allies in the grouping. Other countries may have determined that with China in the president’s chair, and the backing of Turkey and Malaysia, Pakistan could escape being blacklisted in any case, and dropped the effort. India’s recent troubles on the international stage, including the UNSC where China has been allowed to raise the Kashmir issue twice in five months, after nearly five decades, may also be a reason its objections at the Beijing discussions were not considered as carefully as in the past.

Q. FATF is headquartered in Paris ,Which of the following Organization is not headquartered in Paris?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

The deliberations, in Beijing, of the Asia-Pacific joint group of the global watchdog on terror financing and money laundering, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), gave Pakistan some encouraging news: that it had progressed in its efforts to avoid a blacklisting. A final decision will be taken at a plenary meeting of the body, expected in Paris next month: in keeping Pakistan on the current “grey list”, downgrading it to a (1)”, or letting it off altogether for the moment. The [Z]member body had determined that Pakistan was to be placed on the grey list in 2018, and presented it a [X] list of actions. These included freezing the funds of UN Security Council entities such as 26/11 mastermind Hafiz Saeed and the LeT, the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) and other Taliban- affiliated groups. The actions entailed a sustained effort to bring legal action against these groups, and also called for changes to Pakistani law in line with global standards for measures against money laundering and financing terrorism. Unlike in October 2019, when Pakistan had completed five points, the Beijing meeting has cleared it on *Y+. While Pakistan’s progress will come as a disappointment to India — it wants more scrutiny of Pakistan’s support to terror groups lest Islamabad feels it has been let off the hook — there are a few points to consider. First, the grey listing is not new. Pakistan was placed on it in 2012, and was removed in 2015 after it passed a National Action Plan to deal with terrorism following the 2014 Peshawar School massacre. It was also placed under severe restrictions in the years 2008-2012, after the Mumbai attack. Second, this last grey list period has already seen some Indian demands met, including the chargesheeting of Hafiz Saeed for terror financing, and the addition of JeM chief Masood Azhar to the UNSC 1267 list. Finally, although the FATF is a technical organisation, there is no doubting that geopolitics and bilateral deals play a part in deciding outcomes.
As a result, New Delhi must study the politics behind Pakistan’s FATF “progress”. Officials have suggested that Pakistan’s role in ensuring Taliban talks are brought to a successful conclusion soon may have weighed with the U.S. and its allies in the grouping. Other countries may have determined that with China in the president’s chair, and the backing of Turkey and Malaysia, Pakistan could escape being blacklisted in any case, and dropped the effort. India’s recent troubles on the international stage, including the UNSC where China has been allowed to raise the Kashmir issue twice in five months, after nearly five decades, may also be a reason its objections at the Beijing discussions were not considered as carefully as in the past.

Q. Which of the following is going to replace (Y)?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

The deliberations, in Beijing, of the Asia-Pacific joint group of the global watchdog on terror financing and money laundering, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), gave Pakistan some encouraging news: that it had progressed in its efforts to avoid a blacklisting. A final decision will be taken at a plenary meeting of the body, expected in Paris next month: in keeping Pakistan on the current “grey list”, downgrading it to a (1)”, or letting it off altogether for the moment. The [Z]member body had determined that Pakistan was to be placed on the grey list in 2018, and presented it a [X] list of actions. These included freezing the funds of UN Security Council entities such as 26/11 mastermind Hafiz Saeed and the LeT, the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) and other Taliban- affiliated groups. The actions entailed a sustained effort to bring legal action against these groups, and also called for changes to Pakistani law in line with global standards for measures against money laundering and financing terrorism. Unlike in October 2019, when Pakistan had completed five points, the Beijing meeting has cleared it on *Y+. While Pakistan’s progress will come as a disappointment to India — it wants more scrutiny of Pakistan’s support to terror groups lest Islamabad feels it has been let off the hook — there are a few points to consider. First, the grey listing is not new. Pakistan was placed on it in 2012, and was removed in 2015 after it passed a National Action Plan to deal with terrorism following the 2014 Peshawar School massacre. It was also placed under severe restrictions in the years 2008-2012, after the Mumbai attack. Second, this last grey list period has already seen some Indian demands met, including the chargesheeting of Hafiz Saeed for terror financing, and the addition of JeM chief Masood Azhar to the UNSC 1267 list. Finally, although the FATF is a technical organisation, there is no doubting that geopolitics and bilateral deals play a part in deciding outcomes.
As a result, New Delhi must study the politics behind Pakistan’s FATF “progress”. Officials have suggested that Pakistan’s role in ensuring Taliban talks are brought to a successful conclusion soon may have weighed with the U.S. and its allies in the grouping. Other countries may have determined that with China in the president’s chair, and the backing of Turkey and Malaysia, Pakistan could escape being blacklisted in any case, and dropped the effort. India’s recent troubles on the international stage, including the UNSC where China has been allowed to raise the Kashmir issue twice in five months, after nearly five decades, may also be a reason its objections at the Beijing discussions were not considered as carefully as in the past.

Q. (Z) will be replaced by ____

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

The deliberations, in Beijing, of the Asia-Pacific joint group of the global watchdog on terror financing and money laundering, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), gave Pakistan some encouraging news: that it had progressed in its efforts to avoid a blacklisting. A final decision will be taken at a plenary meeting of the body, expected in Paris next month: in keeping Pakistan on the current “grey list”, downgrading it to a (1)”, or letting it off altogether for the moment. The [Z]member body had determined that Pakistan was to be placed on the grey list in 2018, and presented it a [X] list of actions. These included freezing the funds of UN Security Council entities such as 26/11 mastermind Hafiz Saeed and the LeT, the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) and other Taliban- affiliated groups. The actions entailed a sustained effort to bring legal action against these groups, and also called for changes to Pakistani law in line with global standards for measures against money laundering and financing terrorism. Unlike in October 2019, when Pakistan had completed five points, the Beijing meeting has cleared it on *Y+. While Pakistan’s progress will come as a disappointment to India — it wants more scrutiny of Pakistan’s support to terror groups lest Islamabad feels it has been let off the hook — there are a few points to consider. First, the grey listing is not new. Pakistan was placed on it in 2012, and was removed in 2015 after it passed a National Action Plan to deal with terrorism following the 2014 Peshawar School massacre. It was also placed under severe restrictions in the years 2008-2012, after the Mumbai attack. Second, this last grey list period has already seen some Indian demands met, including the chargesheeting of Hafiz Saeed for terror financing, and the addition of JeM chief Masood Azhar to the UNSC 1267 list. Finally, although the FATF is a technical organisation, there is no doubting that geopolitics and bilateral deals play a part in deciding outcomes.
As a result, New Delhi must study the politics behind Pakistan’s FATF “progress”. Officials have suggested that Pakistan’s role in ensuring Taliban talks are brought to a successful conclusion soon may have weighed with the U.S. and its allies in the grouping. Other countries may have determined that with China in the president’s chair, and the backing of Turkey and Malaysia, Pakistan could escape being blacklisted in any case, and dropped the effort. India’s recent troubles on the international stage, including the UNSC where China has been allowed to raise the Kashmir issue twice in five months, after nearly five decades, may also be a reason its objections at the Beijing discussions were not considered as carefully as in the past.

Q. Which of the following is going to replace (1)?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

A new malware dubbed '____(X)____' has affected 14.23 per cent smartphones in India, according to the latest report by the global anti-virus brand Kaspersky.
The Trojan application affects the user's device through unauthorised installation of shopping and retail apps, boosting the ratings of such apps and by displaying unnecessary ads adding to the annoyance of the user. The app can also post content from the user's social media accounts, reports say.
The malware, also known as 'Trojan-Dropper. AndroidOS. ____(X)____', has infected devices across the globe. It gained momentum between October and November 2019. Russia is at the top of the list of countries where user devices have been hit by this malware with over 28 per cent users having been affected. Brazil precedes India on the list with over 18 per cent users affected.
According to the IANS report, once the Trojan acquires the required permissions within the system, it has unlimited opportunities to freely interact with the system interface and applications.
Kaspersky states that the malware is being spread through fraudulent ads or ____(Y)____.
It can, however, be difficult to detect this malware as it disguises itself as a system file labelled '____(Z)____'.
Once downloaded, the app launches itself as soon as the screen is unlocked. It can further use the device owner's Google or Facebook account as logged in the device to register on shopping and entertainment websites such as AliExpress, Lazada, Zalora, Shein, Joom, Likee and Alibaba. It can also access and turn off Google Play Protect as well as leave reviews on various apps on the Google Play Store.
As per Inc42, it can also create and replace shortcuts to advertised sites on the app menu. Users will be lead to the shortcut created by the malware instead of the originally advertised sites.
Data Security Council of India (DSCI), for now states that the app is focused on retail. However, the app's capabilities regarding posting content from a user's social media accounts pose an imminent threat to the user's privacy and security.

Q. In the above passage, the name of the malware has been redacted with '____(X)____'. What is the name of the malware?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

A new malware dubbed '____(X)____' has affected 14.23 per cent smartphones in India, according to the latest report by the global anti-virus brand Kaspersky.
The Trojan application affects the user's device through unauthorised installation of shopping and retail apps, boosting the ratings of such apps and by displaying unnecessary ads adding to the annoyance of the user. The app can also post content from the user's social media accounts, reports say.
The malware, also known as 'Trojan-Dropper. AndroidOS. ____(X)____', has infected devices across the globe. It gained momentum between October and November 2019. Russia is at the top of the list of countries where user devices have been hit by this malware with over 28 per cent users having been affected. Brazil precedes India on the list with over 18 per cent users affected.
According to the IANS report, once the Trojan acquires the required permissions within the system, it has unlimited opportunities to freely interact with the system interface and applications.
Kaspersky states that the malware is being spread through fraudulent ads or ____(Y)____.
It can, however, be difficult to detect this malware as it disguises itself as a system file labelled '____(Z)____'.
Once downloaded, the app launches itself as soon as the screen is unlocked. It can further use the device owner's Google or Facebook account as logged in the device to register on shopping and entertainment websites such as AliExpress, Lazada, Zalora, Shein, Joom, Likee and Alibaba. It can also access and turn off Google Play Protect as well as leave reviews on various apps on the Google Play Store.
As per Inc42, it can also create and replace shortcuts to advertised sites on the app menu. Users will be lead to the shortcut created by the malware instead of the originally advertised sites.
Data Security Council of India (DSCI), for now states that the app is focused on retail. However, the app's capabilities regarding posting content from a user's social media accounts pose an imminent threat to the user's privacy and security.

Q. In the above passage, what is the name of the source that has been redacted with '____(Y)____'?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

A new malware dubbed '____(X)____' has affected 14.23 per cent smartphones in India, according to the latest report by the global anti-virus brand Kaspersky.
The Trojan application affects the user's device through unauthorised installation of shopping and retail apps, boosting the ratings of such apps and by displaying unnecessary ads adding to the annoyance of the user. The app can also post content from the user's social media accounts, reports say.
The malware, also known as 'Trojan-Dropper. AndroidOS. ____(X)____', has infected devices across the globe. It gained momentum between October and November 2019. Russia is at the top of the list of countries where user devices have been hit by this malware with over 28 per cent users having been affected. Brazil precedes India on the list with over 18 per cent users affected.
According to the IANS report, once the Trojan acquires the required permissions within the system, it has unlimited opportunities to freely interact with the system interface and applications.
Kaspersky states that the malware is being spread through fraudulent ads or ____(Y)____.
It can, however, be difficult to detect this malware as it disguises itself as a system file labelled '____(Z)____'.
Once downloaded, the app launches itself as soon as the screen is unlocked. It can further use the device owner's Google or Facebook account as logged in the device to register on shopping and entertainment websites such as AliExpress, Lazada, Zalora, Shein, Joom, Likee and Alibaba. It can also access and turn off Google Play Protect as well as leave reviews on various apps on the Google Play Store.
As per Inc42, it can also create and replace shortcuts to advertised sites on the app menu. Users will be lead to the shortcut created by the malware instead of the originally advertised sites.
Data Security Council of India (DSCI), for now states that the app is focused on retail. However, the app's capabilities regarding posting content from a user's social media accounts pose an imminent threat to the user's privacy and security.

Q. In the above passage, the system file's name has been redacted with '____(Z)____'. What is the name of the file?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

A new malware dubbed '____(X)____' has affected 14.23 per cent smartphones in India, according to the latest report by the global anti-virus brand Kaspersky.
The Trojan application affects the user's device through unauthorised installation of shopping and retail apps, boosting the ratings of such apps and by displaying unnecessary ads adding to the annoyance of the user. The app can also post content from the user's social media accounts, reports say.
The malware, also known as 'Trojan-Dropper. AndroidOS. ____(X)____', has infected devices across the globe. It gained momentum between October and November 2019. Russia is at the top of the list of countries where user devices have been hit by this malware with over 28 per cent users having been affected. Brazil precedes India on the list with over 18 per cent users affected.
According to the IANS report, once the Trojan acquires the required permissions within the system, it has unlimited opportunities to freely interact with the system interface and applications.
Kaspersky states that the malware is being spread through fraudulent ads or ____(Y)____.
It can, however, be difficult to detect this malware as it disguises itself as a system file labelled '____(Z)____'.
Once downloaded, the app launches itself as soon as the screen is unlocked. It can further use the device owner's Google or Facebook account as logged in the device to register on shopping and entertainment websites such as AliExpress, Lazada, Zalora, Shein, Joom, Likee and Alibaba. It can also access and turn off Google Play Protect as well as leave reviews on various apps on the Google Play Store.
As per Inc42, it can also create and replace shortcuts to advertised sites on the app menu. Users will be lead to the shortcut created by the malware instead of the originally advertised sites.
Data Security Council of India (DSCI), for now states that the app is focused on retail. However, the app's capabilities regarding posting content from a user's social media accounts pose an imminent threat to the user's privacy and security.

Q. After reading the above passage and statements below, choose the correct option.
Statement I: According to Data Security Council of India (DSCI) report, India ranks first in the list of countries most affected by cyber attacks.
Statement II: The ____(X)____ malware can access and turn off Google Play Protect.

Read the passage given below and answer the questions based on it.

A new malware dubbed '____(X)____' has affected 14.23 per cent smartphones in India, according to the latest report by the global anti-virus brand Kaspersky.
The Trojan application affects the user's device through unauthorised installation of shopping and retail apps, boosting the ratings of such apps and by displaying unnecessary ads adding to the annoyance of the user. The app can also post content from the user's social media accounts, reports say.
The malware, also known as 'Trojan-Dropper. AndroidOS. ____(X)____', has infected devices across the globe. It gained momentum between October and November 2019. Russia is at the top of the list of countries where user devices have been hit by this malware with over 28 per cent users having been affected. Brazil precedes India on the list with over 18 per cent users affected.
According to the IANS report, once the Trojan acquires the required permissions within the system, it has unlimited opportunities to freely interact with the system interface and applications.
Kaspersky states that the malware is being spread through fraudulent ads or ____(Y)____.
It can, however, be difficult to detect this malware as it disguises itself as a system file labelled '____(Z)____'.
Once downloaded, the app launches itself as soon as the screen is unlocked. It can further use the device owner's Google or Facebook account as logged in the device to register on shopping and entertainment websites such as AliExpress, Lazada, Zalora, Shein, Joom, Likee and Alibaba. It can also access and turn off Google Play Protect as well as leave reviews on various apps on the Google Play Store.
As per Inc42, it can also create and replace shortcuts to advertised sites on the app menu. Users will be lead to the shortcut created by the malware instead of the originally advertised sites.
Data Security Council of India (DSCI), for now states that the app is focused on retail. However, the app's capabilities regarding posting content from a user's social media accounts pose an imminent threat to the user's privacy and security.

Q. Name the centre that has been set up by the Indian government to detect malware injection and to clean botnet infection from India.

Read the following information given and answer the questions based on it.
Recently, Ghosh Babu spent his winter vacation on Kyakya island. During the vacation, he visited the local casino where he came across a new card game. Two players, using a normal deck of 52 playing cards, play this game. One player picks a card at random from the deck. This is called the base card. The amount in Rupees equal to the face value of the base card is called the base amount. The face values of Ace, King, Jack and Queen are ten. For other cards, the face value is the number on the card. Once a dealer picks up a card from the deck, the dealer pays him the base amount. Then the dealer picks a card from the deck and this is called the top card. If the top card is of the same suit as the base card, the player pays twice the amount to the dealer. If the top card is of the same color as the base card (but not of the same suit) then the player pays the base amount to the dealer. If the top card happens to be of a different color than the base card, the dealer pays the base amount to the player.
Ghosh Babu played the game 4 times. First time he picked eight of clubs and the dealer picked queen of clubs. The second time, he picked ten of hearts and the dealer picked two of spades. Next time, Ghosh Babu picked six of diamonds and the dealer picked ace of hearts. Lastly, he picked eight of spades and the dealer picked jack of spades. Answer the following questions based on these four games.

Q. If Ghosh Babu stopped playing the game when his gain would be maximized, the gain in Rs. would have been:

Read the following information given and answer the questions based on it.
Recently, Ghosh Babu spent his winter vacation on Kyakya island. During the vacation, he visited the local casino where he came across a new card game. Two players, using a normal deck of 52 playing cards, play this game. One player picks a card at random from the deck. This is called the base card. The amount in Rupees equal to the face value of the base card is called the base amount. The face values of Ace, King, Jack and Queen are ten. For other cards, the face value is the number on the card. Once a dealer picks up a card from the deck, the dealer pays him the base amount. Then the dealer picks a card from the deck and this is called the top card. If the top card is of the same suit as the base card, the player pays twice the amount to the dealer. If the top card is of the same color as the base card (but not of the same suit) then the player pays the base amount to the dealer. If the top card happens to be of a different color than the base card, the dealer pays the base amount to the player.
Ghosh Babu played the game 4 times. First time he picked eight of clubs and the dealer picked queen of clubs. The second time, he picked ten of hearts and the dealer picked two of spades. Next time, Ghosh Babu picked six of diamonds and the dealer picked ace of hearts. Lastly, he picked eight of spades and the dealer picked jack of spades. Answer the following questions based on these four games.

Q. The initial money Ghosh Babu had (before beginning the game session), was Rs. X. At no point did he have to borrow any money. What is the minimum possible value of X?

Read the following information given and answer the questions based on it.
Recently, Ghosh Babu spent his winter vacation on Kyakya island. During the vacation, he visited the local casino where he came across a new card game. Two players, using a normal deck of 52 playing cards, play this game. One player picks a card at random from the deck. This is called the base card. The amount in Rupees equal to the face value of the base card is called the base amount. The face values of Ace, King, Jack and Queen are ten. For other cards, the face value is the number on the card. Once a dealer picks up a card from the deck, the dealer pays him the base amount. Then the dealer picks a card from the deck and this is called the top card. If the top card is of the same suit as the base card, the player pays twice the amount to the dealer. If the top card is of the same color as the base card (but not of the same suit) then the player pays the base amount to the dealer. If the top card happens to be of a different color than the base card, the dealer pays the base amount to the player.
Ghosh Babu played the game 4 times. First time he picked eight of clubs and the dealer picked queen of clubs. The second time, he picked ten of hearts and the dealer picked two of spades. Next time, Ghosh Babu picked six of diamonds and the dealer picked ace of hearts. Lastly, he picked eight of spades and the dealer picked jack of spades. Answer the following questions based on these four games.

Q. If the final amount of money Ghosh Babu had with him was Rs. 100, what is the amount he had with him initially?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Asian Motors Ltd. is an automobile spare part company serving to the needs of the customers by delivering good quality products from time to time. The work force is the main reason behind Asian Motors' reputation for its timely delivery and quality goods.
Most of the employees in Asian Motors are associated with the organisation for more than 3 to 4 decades. The turnover ratio is very low due to a feel of satisfaction and job security provided by Asian Motors Ltd. management. Everything was fine with Asian Motors till last year when the scenario changed. A number of competitors entered the market and all of them were well-equipped with modern technologies.
The management is also ready for organisational development by accruing new machines. The management hired an organisation development consultant for the same. The OD consultant stated, in his report, that employees are the major hurdle in achieving the target of modern plant in Asian Motors. The report also mentioned that it is not advisable and won't be fruitful to invest the training and development amount on those employees (40%) who are going to retire in less than 5 years.
This in turn made the employees concerned about job security. The management assured them that "we will never commit such things which will put our employees in loss."

Q. Which of the following could be the possible continuation of the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Asian Motors Ltd. is an automobile spare part company serving to the needs of the customers by delivering good quality products from time to time. The work force is the main reason behind Asian Motors' reputation for its timely delivery and quality goods.
Most of the employees in Asian Motors are associated with the organisation for more than 3 to 4 decades. The turnover ratio is very low due to a feel of satisfaction and job security provided by Asian Motors Ltd. management. Everything was fine with Asian Motors till last year when the scenario changed. A number of competitors entered the market and all of them were well-equipped with modern technologies.
The management is also ready for organisational development by accruing new machines. The management hired an organisation development consultant for the same. The OD consultant stated, in his report, that employees are the major hurdle in achieving the target of modern plant in Asian Motors. The report also mentioned that it is not advisable and won't be fruitful to invest the training and development amount on those employees (40%) who are going to retire in less than 5 years.
This in turn made the employees concerned about job security. The management assured them that "we will never commit such things which will put our employees in loss."

Q. Which of the following is not similar to the strategy adopted by Asian Motors Ltd. to deal with its new competitors?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Asian Motors Ltd. is an automobile spare part company serving to the needs of the customers by delivering good quality products from time to time. The work force is the main reason behind Asian Motors' reputation for its timely delivery and quality goods.
Most of the employees in Asian Motors are associated with the organisation for more than 3 to 4 decades. The turnover ratio is very low due to a feel of satisfaction and job security provided by Asian Motors Ltd. management. Everything was fine with Asian Motors till last year when the scenario changed. A number of competitors entered the market and all of them were well-equipped with modern technologies.
The management is also ready for organisational development by accruing new machines. The management hired an organisation development consultant for the same. The OD consultant stated, in his report, that employees are the major hurdle in achieving the target of modern plant in Asian Motors. The report also mentioned that it is not advisable and won't be fruitful to invest the training and development amount on those employees (40%) who are going to retire in less than 5 years.
This in turn made the employees concerned about job security. The management assured them that "we will never commit such things which will put our employees in loss."

Q. Which of the following could Asian Motors Ltd. consider favourable, as inferred from the context?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Asian Motors Ltd. is an automobile spare part company serving to the needs of the customers by delivering good quality products from time to time. The work force is the main reason behind Asian Motors' reputation for its timely delivery and quality goods.
Most of the employees in Asian Motors are associated with the organisation for more than 3 to 4 decades. The turnover ratio is very low due to a feel of satisfaction and job security provided by Asian Motors Ltd. management. Everything was fine with Asian Motors till last year when the scenario changed. A number of competitors entered the market and all of them were well-equipped with modern technologies.
The management is also ready for organisational development by accruing new machines. The management hired an organisation development consultant for the same. The OD consultant stated, in his report, that employees are the major hurdle in achieving the target of modern plant in Asian Motors. The report also mentioned that it is not advisable and won't be fruitful to invest the training and development amount on those employees (40%) who are going to retire in less than 5 years.
This in turn made the employees concerned about job security. The management assured them that "we will never commit such things which will put our employees in loss."

Q. Which of the following, if true, strengthens the decision taken by Asian Motors Ltd.?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Asian Motors Ltd. is an automobile spare part company serving to the needs of the customers by delivering good quality products from time to time. The work force is the main reason behind Asian Motors' reputation for its timely delivery and quality goods.
Most of the employees in Asian Motors are associated with the organisation for more than 3 to 4 decades. The turnover ratio is very low due to a feel of satisfaction and job security provided by Asian Motors Ltd. management. Everything was fine with Asian Motors till last year when the scenario changed. A number of competitors entered the market and all of them were well-equipped with modern technologies.
The management is also ready for organisational development by accruing new machines. The management hired an organisation development consultant for the same. The OD consultant stated, in his report, that employees are the major hurdle in achieving the target of modern plant in Asian Motors. The report also mentioned that it is not advisable and won't be fruitful to invest the training and development amount on those employees (40%) who are going to retire in less than 5 years.
This in turn made the employees concerned about job security. The management assured them that "we will never commit such things which will put our employees in loss."

Q. Which of the following best represents the main point of the given passage?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Homo economicus bases his choices on a consideration of his own personal “utility function.” Economic man is also amoral, ignoring all social values unless adhering to them gives him utility. Some believe such assumptions about humans are not only empirically inaccurate but also unethical.
Economists criticize the role of Homo economicus as the principal actor in understanding macroeconomics and economic forecasting. They stress uncertainty and bounded rationality in the making of economic decisions, rather than relying on the rational man who is fully informed of all circumstances impinging on his decisions. They argue that perfect knowledge never exists, which means that all economic activity implies risk.
Empirical studies by Amos Tversky questioned the assumption that investors are rational. In 1995, Tversky demonstrated the tendency of investors to make risk-averse choices in gains, and risk-seeking choices in losses. The investors appeared as very risk-averse for small losses but indifferent for a small chance of a very large loss. This violates economic rationality as usually understood. Further research on this subject, showing other deviations from conventionally defined economic rationality, is being done in the growing field of experimental or behavioral economics.
Other critics of the Homo economicus model of humanity, such as Bruno Frey, point to the excessive emphasis on extrinsic motivation (rewards and punishments from the social environment) as opposed to intrinsic motivation, For example, it is difficult if not impossible to understand how Homo economicus would be a hero in war or would get inherent pleasure from craftsmanship. Frey and others argue that too much emphasis on rewards and punishments can “crowd out” (discourage) intrinsic motivation: paying a boy for doing household tasks may push him from doing those tasks “to help the family” to doing them simply for the reward.
Yet others, especially sociologists, argue that the model ignores an extremely important question, i.e., the origins of tastes and the parameters of the utility function. The exogeneity of tastes (preferences) in the Homo economicus model is the major distinction from Homo sociologicus, in which tastes are taken as partially or even totally determined by the societal environment.

Q. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is the reason why some economists criticize the Homo economicus model?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Homo economicus bases his choices on a consideration of his own personal “utility function.” Economic man is also amoral, ignoring all social values unless adhering to them gives him utility. Some believe such assumptions about humans are not only empirically inaccurate but also unethical.
Economists criticize the role of Homo economicus as the principal actor in understanding macroeconomics and economic forecasting. They stress uncertainty and bounded rationality in the making of economic decisions, rather than relying on the rational man who is fully informed of all circumstances impinging on his decisions. They argue that perfect knowledge never exists, which means that all economic activity implies risk.
Empirical studies by Amos Tversky questioned the assumption that investors are rational. In 1995, Tversky demonstrated the tendency of investors to make risk-averse choices in gains, and risk-seeking choices in losses. The investors appeared as very risk-averse for small losses but indifferent for a small chance of a very large loss. This violates economic rationality as usually understood. Further research on this subject, showing other deviations from conventionally defined economic rationality, is being done in the growing field of experimental or behavioral economics.
Other critics of the Homo economicus model of humanity, such as Bruno Frey, point to the excessive emphasis on extrinsic motivation (rewards and punishments from the social environment) as opposed to intrinsic motivation, For example, it is difficult if not impossible to understand how Homo economicus would be a hero in war or would get inherent pleasure from craftsmanship. Frey and others argue that too much emphasis on rewards and punishments can “crowd out” (discourage) intrinsic motivation: paying a boy for doing household tasks may push him from doing those tasks “to help the family” to doing them simply for the reward.
Yet others, especially sociologists, argue that the model ignores an extremely important question, i.e., the origins of tastes and the parameters of the utility function. The exogeneity of tastes (preferences) in the Homo economicus model is the major distinction from Homo sociologicus, in which tastes are taken as partially or even totally determined by the societal environment.

Q. The passage suggests that typically a rational man would:
I. Invest in a risky option if the amount of loss that he would sustain is small and does not do so if it is huge.
II. Be risk-averse to small losses and indifferent to the possibility of huge losses.
III. Make risk-seeking choices in gains and risk-averse choices in losses.
IV. Make risk-seeking choices in losses and risk-averse choices in gains.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Homo economicus bases his choices on a consideration of his own personal “utility function.” Economic man is also amoral, ignoring all social values unless adhering to them gives him utility. Some believe such assumptions about humans are not only empirically inaccurate but also unethical.
Economists criticize the role of Homo economicus as the principal actor in understanding macroeconomics and economic forecasting. They stress uncertainty and bounded rationality in the making of economic decisions, rather than relying on the rational man who is fully informed of all circumstances impinging on his decisions. They argue that perfect knowledge never exists, which means that all economic activity implies risk.
Empirical studies by Amos Tversky questioned the assumption that investors are rational. In 1995, Tversky demonstrated the tendency of investors to make risk-averse choices in gains, and risk-seeking choices in losses. The investors appeared as very risk-averse for small losses but indifferent for a small chance of a very large loss. This violates economic rationality as usually understood. Further research on this subject, showing other deviations from conventionally defined economic rationality, is being done in the growing field of experimental or behavioral economics.
Other critics of the Homo economicus model of humanity, such as Bruno Frey, point to the excessive emphasis on extrinsic motivation (rewards and punishments from the social environment) as opposed to intrinsic motivation, For example, it is difficult if not impossible to understand how Homo economicus would be a hero in war or would get inherent pleasure from craftsmanship. Frey and others argue that too much emphasis on rewards and punishments can “crowd out” (discourage) intrinsic motivation: paying a boy for doing household tasks may push him from doing those tasks “to help the family” to doing them simply for the reward.
Yet others, especially sociologists, argue that the model ignores an extremely important question, i.e., the origins of tastes and the parameters of the utility function. The exogeneity of tastes (preferences) in the Homo economicus model is the major distinction from Homo sociologicus, in which tastes are taken as partially or even totally determined by the societal environment.

Q. In the fourth paragraph, Bruno Frey cites the examples of the war hero and the craftsman in order to demonstrate that:

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Homo economicus bases his choices on a consideration of his own personal “utility function.” Economic man is also amoral, ignoring all social values unless adhering to them gives him utility. Some believe such assumptions about humans are not only empirically inaccurate but also unethical.
Economists criticize the role of Homo economicus as the principal actor in understanding macroeconomics and economic forecasting. They stress uncertainty and bounded rationality in the making of economic decisions, rather than relying on the rational man who is fully informed of all circumstances impinging on his decisions. They argue that perfect knowledge never exists, which means that all economic activity implies risk.
Empirical studies by Amos Tversky questioned the assumption that investors are rational. In 1995, Tversky demonstrated the tendency of investors to make risk-averse choices in gains, and risk-seeking choices in losses. The investors appeared as very risk-averse for small losses but indifferent for a small chance of a very large loss. This violates economic rationality as usually understood. Further research on this subject, showing other deviations from conventionally defined economic rationality, is being done in the growing field of experimental or behavioral economics.
Other critics of the Homo economicus model of humanity, such as Bruno Frey, point to the excessive emphasis on extrinsic motivation (rewards and punishments from the social environment) as opposed to intrinsic motivation, For example, it is difficult if not impossible to understand how Homo economicus would be a hero in war or would get inherent pleasure from craftsmanship. Frey and others argue that too much emphasis on rewards and punishments can “crowd out” (discourage) intrinsic motivation: paying a boy for doing household tasks may push him from doing those tasks “to help the family” to doing them simply for the reward.
Yet others, especially sociologists, argue that the model ignores an extremely important question, i.e., the origins of tastes and the parameters of the utility function. The exogeneity of tastes (preferences) in the Homo economicus model is the major distinction from Homo sociologicus, in which tastes are taken as partially or even totally determined by the societal environment.

Q. Which of the following best describes the point on which the Homo economicus and Homo sociologicus differ?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Homo economicus bases his choices on a consideration of his own personal “utility function.” Economic man is also amoral, ignoring all social values unless adhering to them gives him utility. Some believe such assumptions about humans are not only empirically inaccurate but also unethical.
Economists criticize the role of Homo economicus as the principal actor in understanding macroeconomics and economic forecasting. They stress uncertainty and bounded rationality in the making of economic decisions, rather than relying on the rational man who is fully informed of all circumstances impinging on his decisions. They argue that perfect knowledge never exists, which means that all economic activity implies risk.
Empirical studies by Amos Tversky questioned the assumption that investors are rational. In 1995, Tversky demonstrated the tendency of investors to make risk-averse choices in gains, and risk-seeking choices in losses. The investors appeared as very risk-averse for small losses but indifferent for a small chance of a very large loss. This violates economic rationality as usually understood. Further research on this subject, showing other deviations from conventionally defined economic rationality, is being done in the growing field of experimental or behavioral economics.
Other critics of the Homo economicus model of humanity, such as Bruno Frey, point to the excessive emphasis on extrinsic motivation (rewards and punishments from the social environment) as opposed to intrinsic motivation, For example, it is difficult if not impossible to understand how Homo economicus would be a hero in war or would get inherent pleasure from craftsmanship. Frey and others argue that too much emphasis on rewards and punishments can “crowd out” (discourage) intrinsic motivation: paying a boy for doing household tasks may push him from doing those tasks “to help the family” to doing them simply for the reward.
Yet others, especially sociologists, argue that the model ignores an extremely important question, i.e., the origins of tastes and the parameters of the utility function. The exogeneity of tastes (preferences) in the Homo economicus model is the major distinction from Homo sociologicus, in which tastes are taken as partially or even totally determined by the societal environment.

Q. All of the following are examples of “crowding out” of intrinsic motivations as described by critics of the Homo economicus model of humanity, EXCEPT:

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

If knowledge is power, a majority of Indians are powerless. An analysis of the data for 2017-18 released by the National Statistical Office shows that only 10.6 per cent of Indians aged above 15 years have successfully completed a graduate degree. Unsurprisingly, the figures are even more dismal when it comes to rural India and women, standing at 5.7 per cent and 8.3 per cent respectively. One of the reasons for these dismal figures is that higher education comes at a price — one that average Indians cannot afford for their children. At present, India's education budget is a mere 2.7 per cent of the gross domestic product. This wilful neglect of education belies India's hopes of being a dominant global player. The dream of becoming an economic force to reckon with cannot be realized unless education is made easily accessible to as well as affordable for all sections of society. More important, technology and science — the dividends from India's push towards these fields are now whittling down — are not enough for progress. A true knowledge economy needs thinkers, analysts and philosophers who can guide policy decisions with an eye on long-term gains.

Q. Which of the following best captures the essence of the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

If knowledge is power, a majority of Indians are powerless. An analysis of the data for 2017-18 released by the National Statistical Office shows that only 10.6 per cent of Indians aged above 15 years have successfully completed a graduate degree. Unsurprisingly, the figures are even more dismal when it comes to rural India and women, standing at 5.7 per cent and 8.3 per cent respectively. One of the reasons for these dismal figures is that higher education comes at a price — one that average Indians cannot afford for their children. At present, India's education budget is a mere 2.7 per cent of the gross domestic product. This wilful neglect of education belies India's hopes of being a dominant global player. The dream of becoming an economic force to reckon with cannot be realized unless education is made easily accessible to as well as affordable for all sections of society. More important, technology and science — the dividends from India's push towards these fields are now whittling down — are not enough for progress. A true knowledge economy needs thinkers, analysts and philosophers who can guide policy decisions with an eye on long-term gains.

Q. Which of the following, as per the context, is the major cause of illiteracy in India?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

If knowledge is power, a majority of Indians are powerless. An analysis of the data for 2017-18 released by the National Statistical Office shows that only 10.6 per cent of Indians aged above 15 years have successfully completed a graduate degree. Unsurprisingly, the figures are even more dismal when it comes to rural India and women, standing at 5.7 per cent and 8.3 per cent respectively. One of the reasons for these dismal figures is that higher education comes at a price — one that average Indians cannot afford for their children. At present, India's education budget is a mere 2.7 per cent of the gross domestic product. This wilful neglect of education belies India's hopes of being a dominant global player. The dream of becoming an economic force to reckon with cannot be realized unless education is made easily accessible to as well as affordable for all sections of society. More important, technology and science — the dividends from India's push towards these fields are now whittling down — are not enough for progress. A true knowledge economy needs thinkers, analysts and philosophers who can guide policy decisions with an eye on long-term gains.

Q. In the argument, which of the following roles is played by the statement in bold?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

If knowledge is power, a majority of Indians are powerless. An analysis of the data for 2017-18 released by the National Statistical Office shows that only 10.6 per cent of Indians aged above 15 years have successfully completed a graduate degree. Unsurprisingly, the figures are even more dismal when it comes to rural India and women, standing at 5.7 per cent and 8.3 per cent respectively. One of the reasons for these dismal figures is that higher education comes at a price — one that average Indians cannot afford for their children. At present, India's education budget is a mere 2.7 per cent of the gross domestic product. This wilful neglect of education belies India's hopes of being a dominant global player. The dream of becoming an economic force to reckon with cannot be realized unless education is made easily accessible to as well as affordable for all sections of society. More important, technology and science — the dividends from India's push towards these fields are now whittling down — are not enough for progress. A true knowledge economy needs thinkers, analysts and philosophers who can guide policy decisions with an eye on long-term gains.

Q. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the author's argument that Indians cannot afford higher education for their children?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

If knowledge is power, a majority of Indians are powerless. An analysis of the data for 2017-18 released by the National Statistical Office shows that only 10.6 per cent of Indians aged above 15 years have successfully completed a graduate degree. Unsurprisingly, the figures are even more dismal when it comes to rural India and women, standing at 5.7 per cent and 8.3 per cent respectively. One of the reasons for these dismal figures is that higher education comes at a price — one that average Indians cannot afford for their children. At present, India's education budget is a mere 2.7 per cent of the gross domestic product. This wilful neglect of education belies India's hopes of being a dominant global player. The dream of becoming an economic force to reckon with cannot be realized unless education is made easily accessible to as well as affordable for all sections of society. More important, technology and science — the dividends from India's push towards these fields are now whittling down — are not enough for progress. A true knowledge economy needs thinkers, analysts and philosophers who can guide policy decisions with an eye on long-term gains.

Q. Which of the following is similar to the reason provided in the passage for the increasing rate of illiteracy in India?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Unlike disciplines within the natural sciences-such as physics or chemistry-social theorists may be less committed to use the scientific method to vindicate their theories. Instead, they tackle very large-scale social trends and structures using hypotheses that cannot be easily proved, except by historical and psychological interpretation, which is often the basis of criticism from opponents of social theories. Extremely critical theorists, such as deconstructionists or postmodernists, may argue that any systematic type of research or method is inherently flawed, Many times, however, “social theory” is defined without reference to science because the social reality it describes is so overarching as to be unprovable. The social theories of modernity or anarchy might be two examples of this.
However, social theories are a major part of the science of sociology. Objective science-based research can often provide support for explanations given by social theorists. Statistical research grounded in the scientific method, for instance, that finds a severe income disparity between women and men performing the same occupation can complement the underlying premise of the complex social theories of feminism or patriarchy. In general, and particularly among adherents of pure sociology, social theory has an appeal because it takes the focus away from the individual (which is how most humans look at the world) and focuses it on the society itself and the social forces that control our lives. This sociological insight (or sociological imagination) has through the years appealed to students and others dissatisfied with the status quo because it carries the assumption that societal structures and patterns are either random, arbitrary or controlled by specific powerful groups- thus, implying the possibility of change. This has a particular appeal to champions of the underdog, the dispossessed, and/or those at the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder because it implies that their position in society is undeserved and/or the result of oppression.

Q. Based on the first paragraph, it can be inferred that…

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Unlike disciplines within the natural sciences-such as physics or chemistry-social theorists may be less committed to use the scientific method to vindicate their theories. Instead, they tackle very large-scale social trends and structures using hypotheses that cannot be easily proved, except by historical and psychological interpretation, which is often the basis of criticism from opponents of social theories. Extremely critical theorists, such as deconstructionists or postmodernists, may argue that any systematic type of research or method is inherently flawed, Many times, however, “social theory” is defined without reference to science because the social reality it describes is so overarching as to be unprovable. The social theories of modernity or anarchy might be two examples of this.
However, social theories are a major part of the science of sociology. Objective science-based research can often provide support for explanations given by social theorists. Statistical research grounded in the scientific method, for instance, that finds a severe income disparity between women and men performing the same occupation can complement the underlying premise of the complex social theories of feminism or patriarchy. In general, and particularly among adherents of pure sociology, social theory has an appeal because it takes the focus away from the individual (which is how most humans look at the world) and focuses it on the society itself and the social forces that control our lives. This sociological insight (or sociological imagination) has through the years appealed to students and others dissatisfied with the status quo because it carries the assumption that societal structures and patterns are either random, arbitrary or controlled by specific powerful groups- thus, implying the possibility of change. This has a particular appeal to champions of the underdog, the dispossessed, and/or those at the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder because it implies that their position in society is undeserved and/or the result of oppression.

Q. The passage suggests all of the following, EXCEPT:

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Unlike disciplines within the natural sciences-such as physics or chemistry-social theorists may be less committed to use the scientific method to vindicate their theories. Instead, they tackle very large-scale social trends and structures using hypotheses that cannot be easily proved, except by historical and psychological interpretation, which is often the basis of criticism from opponents of social theories. Extremely critical theorists, such as deconstructionists or postmodernists, may argue that any systematic type of research or method is inherently flawed, Many times, however, “social theory” is defined without reference to science because the social reality it describes is so overarching as to be unprovable. The social theories of modernity or anarchy might be two examples of this.
However, social theories are a major part of the science of sociology. Objective science-based research can often provide support for explanations given by social theorists. Statistical research grounded in the scientific method, for instance, that finds a severe income disparity between women and men performing the same occupation can complement the underlying premise of the complex social theories of feminism or patriarchy. In general, and particularly among adherents of pure sociology, social theory has an appeal because it takes the focus away from the individual (which is how most humans look at the world) and focuses it on the society itself and the social forces that control our lives. This sociological insight (or sociological imagination) has through the years appealed to students and others dissatisfied with the status quo because it carries the assumption that societal structures and patterns are either random, arbitrary or controlled by specific powerful groups- thus, implying the possibility of change. This has a particular appeal to champions of the underdog, the dispossessed, and/or those at the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder because it implies that their position in society is undeserved and/or the result of oppression.

Q. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards social theories?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Unlike disciplines within the natural sciences-such as physics or chemistry-social theorists may be less committed to use the scientific method to vindicate their theories. Instead, they tackle very large-scale social trends and structures using hypotheses that cannot be easily proved, except by historical and psychological interpretation, which is often the basis of criticism from opponents of social theories. Extremely critical theorists, such as deconstructionists or postmodernists, may argue that any systematic type of research or method is inherently flawed, Many times, however, “social theory” is defined without reference to science because the social reality it describes is so overarching as to be unprovable. The social theories of modernity or anarchy might be two examples of this.
However, social theories are a major part of the science of sociology. Objective science-based research can often provide support for explanations given by social theorists. Statistical research grounded in the scientific method, for instance, that finds a severe income disparity between women and men performing the same occupation can complement the underlying premise of the complex social theories of feminism or patriarchy. In general, and particularly among adherents of pure sociology, social theory has an appeal because it takes the focus away from the individual (which is how most humans look at the world) and focuses it on the society itself and the social forces that control our lives. This sociological insight (or sociological imagination) has through the years appealed to students and others dissatisfied with the status quo because it carries the assumption that societal structures and patterns are either random, arbitrary or controlled by specific powerful groups- thus, implying the possibility of change. This has a particular appeal to champions of the underdog, the dispossessed, and/or those at the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder because it implies that their position in society is undeserved and/or the result of oppression.

Q. The author refers to anarchy and modernity in order to:

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Unlike disciplines within the natural sciences-such as physics or chemistry-social theorists may be less committed to use the scientific method to vindicate their theories. Instead, they tackle very large-scale social trends and structures using hypotheses that cannot be easily proved, except by historical and psychological interpretation, which is often the basis of criticism from opponents of social theories. Extremely critical theorists, such as deconstructionists or postmodernists, may argue that any systematic type of research or method is inherently flawed, Many times, however, “social theory” is defined without reference to science because the social reality it describes is so overarching as to be unprovable. The social theories of modernity or anarchy might be two examples of this.
However, social theories are a major part of the science of sociology. Objective science-based research can often provide support for explanations given by social theorists. Statistical research grounded in the scientific method, for instance, that finds a severe income disparity between women and men performing the same occupation can complement the underlying premise of the complex social theories of feminism or patriarchy. In general, and particularly among adherents of pure sociology, social theory has an appeal because it takes the focus away from the individual (which is how most humans look at the world) and focuses it on the society itself and the social forces that control our lives. This sociological insight (or sociological imagination) has through the years appealed to students and others dissatisfied with the status quo because it carries the assumption that societal structures and patterns are either random, arbitrary or controlled by specific powerful groups- thus, implying the possibility of change. This has a particular appeal to champions of the underdog, the dispossessed, and/or those at the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder because it implies that their position in society is undeserved and/or the result of oppression.

Q. Which of the following best completes the passage below?
In a survey of airline pilots, forty-five percent of them owned up to being at least a little dishonest. It is felt that the survey may, however, have underestimated the proportion of airline pilots who are dishonest, because _______.

Read the following passage and answer the question.

As Finland's prime minister, 34-year-old Sanna Marin, scanned international news headlines this week, she may have been surprised to learn that she was being credited for looking into the feasibility of a four-day working week. Marin first discussed the idea during a panel debate at the Social Democratic Party's 120th anniversary event last summer, where speakers took stock of the movement's achievements -- including the eight-hour work day -- and envisioned future causes. The political movement has struggled to find relevance among younger voters, as pensioners become a more dominant group among its base of supporters. "A four-day work week, a six-hour workday, why couldn't that be the next step? Is eight hours the final truth?" Marin asked on August 17. "I think people deserve more time with their families, hobbies, life. This could be the next step for us in working life."
Finns work on average about 40 hours over a five-day work week, according to the statistics office, but unemployment remains high and many have fallen outside the work force. That's prompted a broad debate on work in Finland in recent years, including the first nationwide experiment on a form of basic income run by the previous center-right government in 2016-2018.

Q. Which of the following, if true, best refutes the author's statement that Sanna Marin was credited for looking into the feasibility of a four-day working week?

Read the following passage and answer the question.

As Finland's prime minister, 34-year-old Sanna Marin, scanned international news headlines this week, she may have been surprised to learn that she was being credited for looking into the feasibility of a four-day working week. Marin first discussed the idea during a panel debate at the Social Democratic Party's 120th anniversary event last summer, where speakers took stock of the movement's achievements -- including the eight-hour work day -- and envisioned future causes. The political movement has struggled to find relevance among younger voters, as pensioners become a more dominant group among its base of supporters. "A four-day work week, a six-hour workday, why couldn't that be the next step? Is eight hours the final truth?" Marin asked on August 17. "I think people deserve more time with their families, hobbies, life. This could be the next step for us in working life."
Finns work on average about 40 hours over a five-day work week, according to the statistics office, but unemployment remains high and many have fallen outside the work force. That's prompted a broad debate on work in Finland in recent years, including the first nationwide experiment on a form of basic income run by the previous center-right government in 2016-2018.

Q. Which of the following gives strong support in favour of executing a four-day working week plan from the employees' viewpoint?

Read the following passage and answer the question.

As Finland's prime minister, 34-year-old Sanna Marin, scanned international news headlines this week, she may have been surprised to learn that she was being credited for looking into the feasibility of a four-day working week. Marin first discussed the idea during a panel debate at the Social Democratic Party's 120th anniversary event last summer, where speakers took stock of the movement's achievements -- including the eight-hour work day -- and envisioned future causes. The political movement has struggled to find relevance among younger voters, as pensioners become a more dominant group among its base of supporters. "A four-day work week, a six-hour workday, why couldn't that be the next step? Is eight hours the final truth?" Marin asked on August 17. "I think people deserve more time with their families, hobbies, life. This could be the next step for us in working life."
Finns work on average about 40 hours over a five-day work week, according to the statistics office, but unemployment remains high and many have fallen outside the work force. That's prompted a broad debate on work in Finland in recent years, including the first nationwide experiment on a form of basic income run by the previous center-right government in 2016-2018.

Q. Which of the following best describes the author's method of reasoning to support Sanna Marin's idea for a four-day working week?

Read the following passage and answer the question.

As Finland's prime minister, 34-year-old Sanna Marin, scanned international news headlines this week, she may have been surprised to learn that she was being credited for looking into the feasibility of a four-day working week. Marin first discussed the idea during a panel debate at the Social Democratic Party's 120th anniversary event last summer, where speakers took stock of the movement's achievements -- including the eight-hour work day -- and envisioned future causes. The political movement has struggled to find relevance among younger voters, as pensioners become a more dominant group among its base of supporters. "A four-day work week, a six-hour workday, why couldn't that be the next step? Is eight hours the final truth?" Marin asked on August 17. "I think people deserve more time with their families, hobbies, life. This could be the next step for us in working life."
Finns work on average about 40 hours over a five-day work week, according to the statistics office, but unemployment remains high and many have fallen outside the work force. That's prompted a broad debate on work in Finland in recent years, including the first nationwide experiment on a form of basic income run by the previous center-right government in 2016-2018.

Q. Which of the following can be inferred from the author's description of a four-day working week?

Read the following passage and answer the question.

As Finland's prime minister, 34-year-old Sanna Marin, scanned international news headlines this week, she may have been surprised to learn that she was being credited for looking into the feasibility of a four-day working week. Marin first discussed the idea during a panel debate at the Social Democratic Party's 120th anniversary event last summer, where speakers took stock of the movement's achievements -- including the eight-hour work day -- and envisioned future causes. The political movement has struggled to find relevance among younger voters, as pensioners become a more dominant group among its base of supporters. "A four-day work week, a six-hour workday, why couldn't that be the next step? Is eight hours the final truth?" Marin asked on August 17. "I think people deserve more time with their families, hobbies, life. This could be the next step for us in working life."
Finns work on average about 40 hours over a five-day work week, according to the statistics office, but unemployment remains high and many have fallen outside the work force. That's prompted a broad debate on work in Finland in recent years, including the first nationwide experiment on a form of basic income run by the previous center-right government in 2016-2018.

Q. Which of the following best represents the main point of the given passage?

Read the following passage and answer the question.

As Finland's prime minister, 34-year-old Sanna Marin, scanned international news headlines this week, she may have been surprised to learn that she was being credited for looking into the feasibility of a four-day working week. Marin first discussed the idea during a panel debate at the Social Democratic Party's 120th anniversary event last summer, where speakers took stock of the movement's achievements -- including the eight-hour work day -- and envisioned future causes. The political movement has struggled to find relevance among younger voters, as pensioners become a more dominant group among its base of supporters. "A four-day work week, a six-hour workday, why couldn't that be the next step? Is eight hours the final truth?" Marin asked on August 17. "I think people deserve more time with their families, hobbies, life. This could be the next step for us in working life."
Finns work on average about 40 hours over a five-day work week, according to the statistics office, but unemployment remains high and many have fallen outside the work force. That's prompted a broad debate on work in Finland in recent years, including the first nationwide experiment on a form of basic income run by the previous center-right government in 2016-2018.

Q. Which of the following statements presents a paradox that is mentioned in the text?

Read the following passage and answer the question.

A citizen’s right to own private property is a human right. The state cannot take possession of it without following due procedure and authority of law, the Supreme Court has held in a judgment.
The state cannot trespass into the private property of a citizen and then claim ownership of the land in the name of ‘adverse possession’, the court said. Grabbing private land and then claiming it as its own makes the state an encroacher.
In a welfare state, right to property is a human right, a Bench of Justices Indu Malhotra and Ajay Rastogi declared in their January 8 verdict.
“A welfare state cannot be permitted to take the plea of adverse possession, which allows a trespasser i.e. a person guilty of a tort, or even a crime, to gain legal title over such property for over 12 years. The State cannot be permitted to perfect its title over the land by invoking the doctrine of adverse possession to grab the property of its own citizens,” Justice Malhotra, who authored the judgment, laid down the law.
Yet, this is exactly what happened 52 years ago with Vidya Devi, a widow. The Himachal Pradesh government forcibly took over her four acres at Hamipur district to build a road in 1967.
Justice Malhotra highlights how the state took advantage of Ms. Devi’s illiteracy and failed to pay her a compensation for 52 years.
“The appellant [Ms. Devi] being an illiterate widow, coming from a rural background, was wholly unaware of her rights and entitlement in law, and did not file any proceedings for compensation of the land compulsorily taken over by the state,” Justice Malhotra empathised with Ms. Devi, who is 80 years old now.
Ordering the state to pay her Rs1 crore in compensation, the Supreme Court noted that in 1967, when the government forcibly took over Ms. Devi’s land, ‘right to private property was still a human/legal right’ under Article 31 of the Constitution.
Property ceased to be a human/legal right with the 44th Constitution Amendment in 1978. Nevertheless, Article 300A required the state to follow due procedure and authority of law to deprive a person of his or her private property, the Supreme Court reminded the government.

Q. Which of the following can be attributed to Supreme Court on the basis of above passage?

Read the following passage and answer the question.

A citizen’s right to own private property is a human right. The state cannot take possession of it without following due procedure and authority of law, the Supreme Court has held in a judgment.
The state cannot trespass into the private property of a citizen and then claim ownership of the land in the name of ‘adverse possession’, the court said. Grabbing private land and then claiming it as its own makes the state an encroacher.
In a welfare state, right to property is a human right, a Bench of Justices Indu Malhotra and Ajay Rastogi declared in their January 8 verdict.
“A welfare state cannot be permitted to take the plea of adverse possession, which allows a trespasser i.e. a person guilty of a tort, or even a crime, to gain legal title over such property for over 12 years. The State cannot be permitted to perfect its title over the land by invoking the doctrine of adverse possession to grab the property of its own citizens,” Justice Malhotra, who authored the judgment, laid down the law.
Yet, this is exactly what happened 52 years ago with Vidya Devi, a widow. The Himachal Pradesh government forcibly took over her four acres at Hamipur district to build a road in 1967.
Justice Malhotra highlights how the state took advantage of Ms. Devi’s illiteracy and failed to pay her a compensation for 52 years.
“The appellant [Ms. Devi] being an illiterate widow, coming from a rural background, was wholly unaware of her rights and entitlement in law, and did not file any proceedings for compensation of the land compulsorily taken over by the state,” Justice Malhotra empathised with Ms. Devi, who is 80 years old now.
Ordering the state to pay her Rs1 crore in compensation, the Supreme Court noted that in 1967, when the government forcibly took over Ms. Devi’s land, ‘right to private property was still a human/legal right’ under Article 31 of the Constitution.
Property ceased to be a human/legal right with the 44th Constitution Amendment in 1978. Nevertheless, Article 300A required the state to follow due procedure and authority of law to deprive a person of his or her private property, the Supreme Court reminded the government.

Q. Saukar is the prominent real estate businessman who have acquired many important properties on important locations throughout the city at times he had taken benefit of the needy conditions of the seller. Sometimes the properties were acquired through pestering the sellers at times he had given loans and kept the property documents as security whereby they are acquired by him on nonpayment of loan. Everyone in the city knows about Saukar being a miser and a greedy person whoever had shrewd dealing to run his business. Now he charges high rent from tenants in these properties. Which of the following would be true in context to the judgement and given facts?

Read the following passage and answer the question.

A citizen’s right to own private property is a human right. The state cannot take possession of it without following due procedure and authority of law, the Supreme Court has held in a judgment.
The state cannot trespass into the private property of a citizen and then claim ownership of the land in the name of ‘adverse possession’, the court said. Grabbing private land and then claiming it as its own makes the state an encroacher.
In a welfare state, right to property is a human right, a Bench of Justices Indu Malhotra and Ajay Rastogi declared in their January 8 verdict.
“A welfare state cannot be permitted to take the plea of adverse possession, which allows a trespasser i.e. a person guilty of a tort, or even a crime, to gain legal title over such property for over 12 years. The State cannot be permitted to perfect its title over the land by invoking the doctrine of adverse possession to grab the property of its own citizens,” Justice Malhotra, who authored the judgment, laid down the law.
Yet, this is exactly what happened 52 years ago with Vidya Devi, a widow. The Himachal Pradesh government forcibly took over her four acres at Hamipur district to build a road in 1967.
Justice Malhotra highlights how the state took advantage of Ms. Devi’s illiteracy and failed to pay her a compensation for 52 years.
“The appellant [Ms. Devi] being an illiterate widow, coming from a rural background, was wholly unaware of her rights and entitlement in law, and did not file any proceedings for compensation of the land compulsorily taken over by the state,” Justice Malhotra empathised with Ms. Devi, who is 80 years old now.
Ordering the state to pay her Rs1 crore in compensation, the Supreme Court noted that in 1967, when the government forcibly took over Ms. Devi’s land, ‘right to private property was still a human/legal right’ under Article 31 of the Constitution.
Property ceased to be a human/legal right with the 44th Constitution Amendment in 1978. Nevertheless, Article 300A required the state to follow due procedure and authority of law to deprive a person of his or her private property, the Supreme Court reminded the government.

Q. According the Court’s judgement, which of the following would be valid acquisition of private property by the government?

Read the following passage and answer the question.

A citizen’s right to own private property is a human right. The state cannot take possession of it without following due procedure and authority of law, the Supreme Court has held in a judgment.
The state cannot trespass into the private property of a citizen and then claim ownership of the land in the name of ‘adverse possession’, the court said. Grabbing private land and then claiming it as its own makes the state an encroacher.
In a welfare state, right to property is a human right, a Bench of Justices Indu Malhotra and Ajay Rastogi declared in their January 8 verdict.
“A welfare state cannot be permitted to take the plea of adverse possession, which allows a trespasser i.e. a person guilty of a tort, or even a crime, to gain legal title over such property for over 12 years. The State cannot be permitted to perfect its title over the land by invoking the doctrine of adverse possession to grab the property of its own citizens,” Justice Malhotra, who authored the judgment, laid down the law.
Yet, this is exactly what happened 52 years ago with Vidya Devi, a widow. The Himachal Pradesh government forcibly took over her four acres at Hamipur district to build a road in 1967.
Justice Malhotra highlights how the state took advantage of Ms. Devi’s illiteracy and failed to pay her a compensation for 52 years.
“The appellant [Ms. Devi] being an illiterate widow, coming from a rural background, was wholly unaware of her rights and entitlement in law, and did not file any proceedings for compensation of the land compulsorily taken over by the state,” Justice Malhotra empathised with Ms. Devi, who is 80 years old now.
Ordering the state to pay her Rs1 crore in compensation, the Supreme Court noted that in 1967, when the government forcibly took over Ms. Devi’s land, ‘right to private property was still a human/legal right’ under Article 31 of the Constitution.
Property ceased to be a human/legal right with the 44th Constitution Amendment in 1978. Nevertheless, Article 300A required the state to follow due procedure and authority of law to deprive a person of his or her private property, the Supreme Court reminded the government.

Q. Let us say, Government passes a law acquiring the property of Mr. Krishna for creating Public Park, a property of Mr. Xeveir for the purpose of extending airport and Mr. Khan for building a public school. Under the law government is paying sufficient compensation for such acquisition. As per the given law in the passage which of the acquisition would be valid?