Daily Current Affairs MCQ: 25th September 2024 - UPSC MCQ

Statement 1: Jurisdictional conflicts arise because it is difficult to determine which nation's courts have jurisdiction over insolvency proceedings. This statement is correct. In cross-border insolvency cases, determining the appropriate jurisdiction can be highly complex, especially when a company has assets and creditors in multiple countries.

Statement 2: Coordination issues occur due to a lack of collaboration between courts and administrators across borders. This statement is also correct. A lack of effective collaboration and communication between different national courts and insolvency administrators often complicates the resolution process for cross-border insolvency cases.

Statement 3: The enforcement of insolvency-related judgments is straightforward and rarely presents challenges. This statement is incorrect. Enforcing insolvency-related judgments or agreements in different jurisdictions is one of the significant challenges in cross-border insolvency cases due to varying legal systems and enforcement mechanisms.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option B

- Statement 1: Correct. The influx of Bengali refugees from East Pakistan drastically reduced the indigenous population in Tripura, from 95% in 1931 to 31% by 1991. This demographic shift was a significant factor contributing to the insurgency.

- Statement 2: Incorrect. The Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti (TUJS) was formed in 1967, not 1978, and it aimed to advocate for an autonomous district council under the Sixth Schedule, the official recognition of Kok Borok, and the restitution of tribal lands, rather than an independent tribal state.

- Statement 3: Correct. The Tripura National Volunteers (TNV) did sign a peace treaty with the state government in 1988, committing to disarm in exchange for the restoration of tribal lands.

Therefore, the correct statements are 1 and 3, making Option B: 1 and 3 Only the correct answer.

1. Correct: The mission indeed aims to explore Venus’s surface, sub-surface, atmosphere, and ionosphere. The primary objectives include studying the planet's atmosphere, geological characteristics, and interaction with solar wind.

2. Correct: The mission will feature India's first attempt at aero-braking, a technique that uses the planet's atmosphere to slow down the spacecraft and adjust its orbit without expending much fuel.

3. Incorrect: The mission is scheduled to launch in March 2028, not 2025. This timeline aligns with the optimal approach of Earth to Venus, which occurs every 19 months.

Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct, making Option B the correct answer.

1. National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) - Involved in the initial insurgency in 1971.

Incorrect. The initial insurgency in Tripura began with the formation of groups in 1971, but the NLFT was formed later in 1989.

2. Tripura National Volunteers (TNV) - Signed a peace treaty in 1988.

Correct. The TNV signed a peace treaty with the state government in 1988, committing to disarm in exchange for the restoration of tribal lands.

3. Amra Bangali - Formed by the tribal community to oppose Bengali demands.

Incorrect. Amra Bangali was formed by the Bengali community, not the tribal community, to oppose tribal demands.

4. Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti (TUJS) - Established in 1967 to advocate for tribal autonomy.

Correct. The TUJS was established in 1967 to advocate for an autonomous district council under the Sixth Schedule and other tribal rights.

Thus, only pairs 2 and 4 are correctly matched.

Retractions in scientific journals serve the crucial purpose of preventing the spread of misleading information. When a paper is retracted, it signifies that significant errors or dishonest practices have been identified, making the research unreliable. This process is essential for maintaining the integrity and credibility of scientific literature, ensuring that future research is not based on flawed or falsified data. Retractions play a vital role in upholding the standards of scientific integrity and fostering trust within the research community.

Answer: C) The film must be at least 90 minutes long.

Explanation: The criteria for submission state that the film must be at least 40 minutes long, not 90 minutes. The other options correctly reflect the requirements for a film's eligibility to be selected by the FFI for consideration in the Best International Feature Film category.

The Film Federation of India (FFI) selects India's official submission for the Best International Feature Film category at the Oscars through a jury selection process. A 13-member jury, appointed by the FFI and consisting of experienced professionals from the creative industry, views all submitted films, engages in discussions, and makes the final selection through a voting process. This process aims to ensure a fair and informed decision regarding India's entry for the prestigious award ceremony.

The UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency aims to create a standardized framework for handling insolvency cases across different countries. It focuses on promoting cooperation, recognition, and legal certainty in international insolvency cases by providing a set of guidelines that enhance coordination and efficiency in resolving cross-border insolvency issues.

Statement-I correctly states that Tripura became a full-fledged state on January 21, 1972. Statement-II is also accurate in mentioning the TNV insurgency group's peace treaty with the state government in 1988. However, Statement-II does not directly explain or relate to the information provided in Statement-I; hence, option (b) is the correct choice.

1. UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency (1997): Correctly matched. It provides a framework for cooperation among courts and administrators in various countries and is based on four pillars: access, recognition, cooperation, and coordination.

2. EU Insolvency Regulation: Correctly matched. It provides a framework for managing insolvency cases within EU member states and facilitates the recognition of insolvency proceedings across borders within the EU.

3. NAFTA/US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA): Incorrectly matched. While the agreement contains some provisions for addressing cross-border insolvencies, it is not comprehensive.

4. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) in India: Incorrectly matched. The IBC does not provide a comprehensive and standardized framework for cross-border insolvency in India; it handles cases on a case-by-case basis and relies on bilateral agreements.

Thus, pairs 1 and 2 are correctly matched.