Model Tests Paper - 1 (geography) - UPSC MCQ

The Precambrian rocks of India are categorized into two systems and they are as follows:
(i) The Archean System and The Dharwar System.
(ii) The stones of the Dharwar System are mostly sedimentary rocks. They are typically found in Mysore and Bellary in Karnataka and Aravalli Mountain Range, Rajputana, Rajasthan. 

1.  Moist deciduous forests are found throughout India except in the western and the north-western regions. The trees have broad trunks, are tall and have branching trunks and roots to hold them firmly to the ground. Some of the taller trees shed their leaves in the dry season. There is a layer of shorter trees and evergreen shrubs in the undergrowth. These forests are dominated by sal and teak, along with mango, bamboo, and rosewood.
2. Dry deciduous forests are found throughout the northern part of the country except in the North-East. It is also found in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. The canopy of the trees does not normally exceed 25 metres. The common trees are the sal, a variety of acacia, and bamboo.
3. Littoral and swamp forests are found along the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the delta area of the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. It consists mainly of whistling pines, mangrove dates, Sundari, palms, and bulletwood. They have roots that consist of soft tissue so that the plant can breathe in the water.
4. Sub alpine forests extends from Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh between 2900 to 3500 metres. In the Western Himalayas, the vegetation consists mainly of juniper, rhododendron, willow, and black currant. In the eastern parts, red fir, black juniper, birch, and larch are the common trees. Due to heavy rainfall and high humidity the timberline in this part is higher than that in the West. Rhododendron of many species covers the hills in these parts.

(a) Khetri Nagar, well known for its Copper Project, was built by and is under the control of Hindustan Copper Limited, a public sector undertaking under the Government of India. Khetri Nagar is also very well known with name of 'Copper'.
(b) The Iron ore deposits are found in Badampahar mines of Odisha and Kudremukh deposits of Karnataka. In Badampahar high grade hematite ores are found.
(c) Zawar (Rajasthan) is famous for zinc mines. Zawar is a township created by mining company Hindustan Zinc Limited, for extraction of zinc and lead. An 80MW power plant provides electricity for mining zinc and lead from three major mines.
(d) The "Bharveli manganese mine" in Balaghat district is largest underground mine operating in Asian subcontinent. The manganese ore deposits of the State are being exploited mainly by the Manganese Ore India Limited.

• That the monsoon this year could be affected by El Nino, the warming of the western Pacific Ocean waters affecting weather patterns worldwide, was known well beforehand.
• Many countries, therefore, have braced up in whatever way they can.
• Farmers in Indonesia now have a calendar for early planting dates.
• Their government is also helping them with techniques and equipment to plant certain crops sooner.
• In Malaysia, underground and recycled water is being encouraged for use so that the deficit the drought might cause can be dealt with.
• You may have floods as an immediate image for the Philippines but because of a possible drought due to El Nino’s effects, the Philippine government has even begun cloud seeding and has given farmers drought tolerant varieties of rice. 

Tundra,  a major zone of treeless level or rolling ground found in cold regions, mostly north of the Arctic Circle (Arctic tundra) or above the timberline on high mountains (alpine tundra). Tundra is known for large stretches of bare ground and rock and for patchy mantles of low vegetation such as mosses, lichens, herbs, and small shrubs. This surface supports a meagre but unique variety of animals. The Finns called their treeless northern reaches the tunturi, but the concept of a vast frozen plain as a special ecological realm called tundra was developed by the Russians.

Milk powder, butter, and cheese are New Zealand's largest exports, followed by meat and edible offal. Australia is the largest market for exports, with almost a quarter of total exports and over twice the value of exports as China – New Zealand's second-largest market. 

• 8 Degree Channel ( 8 degrees north latitude) separates islands of Minicoy and Maldives.
• 9 Degree Channel ( 9 degrees north latitude) separates the island of Minicoy from the main Lakshadweep archipelago.
• This atoll is administered under the Indian Union Territory of Lakshadweep. Nine Degree Channel separates Minicoy and the Laccadive Islands.
• Duncan Passage is a strait in the Indian Ocean. It is about 48 km (30 mi) wide; it separates Rutland Island (part of Great Andaman) to the north, and Little Andaman to the south. West of Duncan Passage is the Bay of Bengal; east is the Andaman Sea. 

• NW - 4 is Kakinada-Pondicherry canals along with Godavari and Krishna rivers (1,095 km)
• It connects the Indian states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and the union territory of Puducherry.
• The NW - 4 runs along the Coromandel Coast through Kakinada, Eluru, Commanur, Buckingham Canals and also through part of Krishna and Godavari rivers in South India. 

The Northern Railway Zone operates the Amritsar Junction Railway Station headquartered at Jaipur.

A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data. Coupled with this data is usually tabular data known as attribute data. Attribute data can be generally defined as additional information about each of the spatial features GIS is more than just software. People and methods are combined with geospatial software and tools, to enable spatial analysis, manage large datasets, and display information in a map/graphical form.

Although the rate of weathering depends on the type of rock, rocks in tropical climates experience the highest rates of weathering because of the combination of high heat and heavy rainfall.

• Pakke Tiger Reserve also known as Pakhui Tiger Reserve lies in the East Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh.
• Nameri Tiger Reserve is located in the foothills of the eastern Himalayas in the Sonitpur district of the state of Assam.
• Anshi-Dandeli Tiger Reserve is located in Karnataka.
• Kawal Tiger Reserve is located at Adilabad district in the Telangana state of India. 

• Jordan is situated geographically in southwest Asia but totally landlocked. 

Despite the seasonal shift of ITCZ, it is seen that ITCZ seldomly shift south of the Equator to tropical areas in southern Hemisphere, due to which Coriolis force is not generated for a cyclone.

Gravitational forces and centrifugal forces causes tides as per Newtons Tidal Theory.