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Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - UPSC MCQ


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20 Questions MCQ Test General Science(Prelims) by IRS Divey Sethi - Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe for UPSC 2024 is part of General Science(Prelims) by IRS Divey Sethi preparation. The Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe questions and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus.The Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe MCQs are made for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe below.
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Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 1

Scientists who study microorganisms are called

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 1

The scientist who study microorganisms are called microbiologists. Microbes are studied by culturing into suitable medium and making their slide.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 2

Microorganisms live as :

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 2

Microorganisms are found everywhere on earth. They live solitary or in colonies. Most of microbes are either pathogenic or beneficial to human beings.

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Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 3

Microorganisms are :

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 3

Microorganisms are either autotrophs that prepare their own food or heterotrophs that obtain their food from other organism. Autotrophic microbes includes unicellular algae, while most of bacteria and virus are heterotrophic.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 4

Protective covering that encloses microorganisms during unfavourable conditions:

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 4

Cyst is the protective covering that encloses microorganisms during unfavourable conditions. Microbes survive under this cyst to continue perpetuation.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 5

The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol is called

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 5

Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholicfermentation, is a biological process which convertssugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose intocellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 6

Microbes are present :

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 6

Microbes are present everywhere. They are present in air, water, soil, inside the body of living organisms or parasite including thermal vent and polar ice caps.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 7

Which of the following microorganism lives alone:

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 7

Microorganisms live either solitary or in groups. Amoeba is a protozoon that lives solitary or alone in dirty water having irregular shaped body.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 8

Bacilli bacteria are :

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 8

On the basis of body shape, bacteria having rod shaped body are called as Bacillus. They may possess cilia or flagella for locomotion.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 9

How are microorganisms useful to us?

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 9

Microorganisms are used in the production of antibiotics.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 10

Microorganisms are never found in a :

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 10

Microorganisms are found in everywhere, including hot water springs, ice cold water and marine water. They survive the unfavourable condition by formation of cyst.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 11

Fungi are :

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 11

Fungi are plant like organisms because the cell of fungi contains cell wall. Chlorophyll is absent in the cell of fungi, hence they are heterotrophic organism.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 12

What are pond scum?

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 12

Pond scums are floating filamentous algae present in stagnant water bodies. Pond scum grows more if organic nutrients are present more in ponds.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 13

Bacteriophage is a :

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 13

 A bacteriophage is a type of virus that infects bacteria. In fact, the word "bacteriophage" literally means "bacteria eater," because bacteriophages destroy their host cells. All bacteriophages are composed of a nucleic acid molecule that is surrounded by a protein structure.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 14

Curd formations needs :

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 14

Curd formation from milk requires lactic acid bacteria called Lactobacillus. These bacteria produce lactic acid bacteria by multiplying in number at appropriate temperature.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 15

Which of the following organism is used in cheese ripening?

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 15

The ripening of the cheese involves many biochemical changes and this study provides new information on peptides  produced during ripening. Penicillium camemberti is an important mold used in the production of this type of cheese.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 16

Yeast is not used in the preparation of :

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 16

The most common yeast associated with winemaking is Saccharomyces cerevisiae which has been favored due to its predictable and vigorous fermentation capabilities, tolerance of relatively high levels of alcohol and sulfur dioxide as well as its ability to thrive in normal wine pH between 2.8 and 4.

Baker's yeast is the common name for the strains of yeast commonly used in baking bread and bakery products, serving as a leavening agent which causes the bread to rise (expand and become lighter and softer) by converting the fermentable sugars present in the dough into carbon dioxide and ethanol. Yeast is also used in dhokla.

So, it is not used in antibiotics.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 17

Which of the following microorganism promotes the formation of curd?

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 17

Lactobacilli are the bacteria which are naturally present in the milk that convert the sugar(lactose) into lactic acid through the process of fermentation and that is seen in the form of curd.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 18

Which is a fungal disease in human?

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 18

Athlete’s foot is a fungal disease in human beings. Anthrax and amoebiasis are bacterial disease while amoebiasis is a protozoal disease.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 19

TMV causes disease in :

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 19

Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) causes disease in tobacco plant. The symptoms of this disease include yellowing of leaves, curling of leaf.

Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 20

BCG vaccine given to infants protects them from :

Detailed Solution for Olympiad Test: Microorganisms Friend & Foe - Question 20

BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) is a vaccine given to babies to protect them from serious forms of Tuberculosis (TB) such as TB Meningitis (an infection of the brain) and Miliary TB (wide spread infection).

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