Practice Test: CDP - 1 - CTET & State TET MCQ

• Controlled observations (usually a structured observation) are likely to be carried out in a psychology laboratory. The researcher decides where the observation will take place, at what time, with which participants, in what circumstances and uses a standardized procedure. Participants are randomly allocated to each independent variable group.
• Participant observation is a variant of the above (natural observations) but here the researcher joins in and becomes part of the group they are studying to get a deeper insight into their lives.
• Non-participant Observation involves observing participants without actively participating. This option is used to understand a phenomenon by entering the community or social system involved, while staying separate from the activities being observed.
• Naturalistic observation is a research method that is used by psychologists and other social scientists. The technique involves observing subjects in their natural environment.

Stage 5: Adolescence
Age: Adolescence --12 to 18 years
Conflict: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Important Event: Peer relationships
Description: At this stage, adolescents are in search of an identity that will lead them to adulthood. Adolescents make a strong effort to answer the question "Who am I?" Erikson notes the healthy resolution of earlier conflicts can now serve as a foundation for the search for an identity.
If the child over comes earlier conflicts they are prepared to search for identity. Did they develop the basic sense of trust? Do they have a strong sense of industry to believe in themselves?

The correct answer is option D, i.e., all the given statements are correct about Dyscalculia. People with dyscalculia face trouble in expressing complex mathematical problems, doing simple calculations and also in face trouble in doing transaction in a business activity. The disorder of logical ability where one face problems in mathematics and related problems, making change in transaction, expressing mathematical problems verbally, etc., is called dyscalculia. People with dyscalculia also face problem with numbers, sequence of numbers, computing problem and have a poor sense of direction.

As per Howard Gardener’s theory of multiple intelligence, the characteristics of a person with ‘Logico-mathematical’ intelligence is "Sensitivity to and capacity to detect a pattern, handle long chains of reasoning". There are multiple types of intelligence given by Gardner, which includes- Linguistic, Musical, Logical, Spatial, Bodily, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist.

In an advertisement, a child saw a woman cooking food and a man reading a newspaper sitting on the couch. The advertisement is portraying gender roles. Mass media agents are influencing the socialization of the child. Mass media serves as a significant agent of gender socialization. In television and movies, women tend to have less significant roles and are often portrayed as wives or mothers. When women are given a lead role it often falls into one of two extremes: a wholesome, saint-like figure or a malevolent, hypersexual figure.

Information booster

• School: As a secondary agent of socialization, schools play a crucial role in transmitting societal norms, values, and knowledge. They provide opportunities for peer interactions, learning social skills, and acquiring academic knowledge in a structured environment.
• Society: Society, as a broader concept, encompasses the collective norms, values, and cultural practices of a community or nation. It influences socialization through its institutions, cultural traditions, and expectations, shaping individuals' behaviors, beliefs, and social interactions.
• Family: The family serves as the primary agent of socialization, shaping an individual's early experiences, values, and behaviors. It provides emotional support, transmits cultural and societal norms, and teaches essential social skills, values, and roles within the family unit and society.

The assessment of students is used to build up an appropriate plan. They help in the decision making process. They are used to calculate the correct methodologies and approaches of the teacher. The conclusions are used to sort out the learning troubles of the students. It provides feedback which enhances the instruction process.

Types of Transfer of Learning: There are three types of transfer of learning:

1. Positive transfer: When learning in one situation facilitates learning in another situation, it is known as positive transfer. For example, skills in playing violin facilitate learning to play piano. Knowledge of mathematics facilitates to learn physics in a better way. Driving a scooter facilitates driving a motorbike.

2. Negative transfer: When learning of one task makes the learning of another task harder- it is known as negative transfer. For example, speaking Telugu hindering the learning of Malayalam. Left hand drive vehicles hindering the learning of right hand drive.

3. Neutral transfer: When learning of one activity neither facilitates nor hinders the learning of another task, it is a case of neutral transfer. It is also called as zero transfer.

For example, knowledge of history in no way affects learning of driving a car or a scooter.

All individuals grow and develop in their unique way and in their contexts. Once the child learns specific or differentiated responses, then, as development continues, he/she can synthesize or integrate these specific responses to form a whole. For example, the young child learns to speak single, discrete words in the beginning. Later, he can join together these sentences in the form of language.

Information booster

• Development follows a pattern: It refers to the idea that there are consistent sequences or stages of growth and change in various domains of development, such as physical, cognitive, and social, which individuals typically go through in a predictable order.
• Development proceeds from general to specific: It means that during development, individuals acquire broad and basic skills or concepts before mastering more specific and advanced ones. It involves building a foundation of general knowledge or abilities and then refining them into more specialized areas.
• Development is continuous: This perspective suggests that development is a gradual and ongoing process without distinct stages or abrupt shifts. It emphasizes the idea that development is a smooth progression, where skills, behaviors, and knowledge evolve gradually over time rather than in discrete steps or periods.

The correct answer is C. They have low sense of curiosity to learn new topics. The phenomenon of creativity is the process by which inventive and unique concepts come to pass. To create something new by presenting a new viewpoint is a cognitive skill.

• Since creativity is linked to the idea of "divergent thinking," it refers to the capacity to locate or formulate novel and unconventional approaches to issues.
• Creativity has a strong desire to discover new things.
• Bring creative and imaginative ideas to life.
• Problem-solving abilities are a trait of creative learners; they can find multiple solutions to the same issue.

1. Confirmation Inquiry - Students confirm a principle through an activity when the results are known in advance.
2. Structured Inquiry- Students investigate a teacher-presented question through a prescribed procedure.
3. Guided Inquiry- Students investigate a teacher-presented question using student designed/ selected procedures.
4. Open Inquiry - Students investigate questions that are student formulated through student designed/selected procedures.