Practice Test: World Geography - 3 - UPSC MCQ

• China is the world's largest producer of tungsten ore, also known as wolfram, accounting for over 80% of the global production.
• The country has vast reserves of tungsten, estimated to be around 1.9 million metric tons, mainly concentrated in the provinces of Jiangxi, Hunan, and Henan.
• China's dominance in the tungsten market is due to its vast reserves, developed mining industry, and the government's support for the extraction and processing of the metal.
• Other leading producers of wolfram are Vietnam, Russia, and Bolivia, but their production levels are significantly lower than that of China.
• Tungsten is a crucial element in several industrial applications, including the production of steel, aerospace, and electronics, due to its high melting point, density, and tensile strength.
• For more information and study materials on this topic, you can visit EduRev.

• Istanbul is a well-known city in Turkey. It is famous for its rich history, culture, and architecture.
• The country is Turkey, which is located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia.
• The capital of Turkey is Ankara, which is the political and administrative center of the country.
• Although Istanbul is more popular and well-known than Ankara, it is not the capital city of Turkey.
• For more information and learning resources, visit EduRev.

• Port Harcourt is a major city in Nigeria, located in the southern part of the country.
• It is situated along the Bonny River, which is a major distributary of the Niger River.
• The city is located within the Niger River Delta, a vast and complex network of waterways and swamps formed by the Niger River as it empties into the Gulf of Guinea.
• The Niger River Delta is one of the largest river deltas in the world, covering an area of about 70,000 square kilometers.
• Due to its strategic location, Port Harcourt has become a major center for the oil industry in Nigeria and serves as a hub for transportation, commerce, and tourism.

• The Nubian Desert is located in Sudan, a country in northeastern Africa.
• It lies between the Nile River and the Red Sea, covering an area of approximately 400,000 square kilometers.
• The desert is part of the larger Sahara Desert, which stretches across North Africa.
• The Nubian Desert is characterized by its arid climate, sandy terrain, and minimal vegetation.

• Temperatures in the Nubian Desert can reach up to 50 degrees Celsius (122 degrees Fahrenheit) during the day.
• The desert receives very little rainfall, averaging around 2.5 cm (1 inch) per year.
• Despite its harsh climate, the Nubian Desert is home to a variety of wildlife, such as snakes, scorpions, and various bird species.
• There are also several ancient archaeological sites in the region, including the Meroë pyramids, which date back to the Kingdom of Kush.

• South Africa has nine provinces, two of which take their names from rivers: Orange Free State and Transvaal.
• The Orange Free State is named after the Orange River, which runs through the province. The river itself is named after the Dutch Royal House of Orange.
• Transvaal, also known as the South African Republic, gets its name from the Afrikaans term "transvaal," which means "beyond the Vaal River." The Vaal River is one of the main rivers in South Africa and forms the border between the provinces of Gauteng and Free State.
• Other provinces such as Cape and Natal do not derive their names from rivers. Cape refers to the geographic feature of the Cape of Good Hope, while Natal is named after the Portuguese word for Christmas, as the region was first sighted by European explorers on Christmas Day in 1497.

The Sahrawi, or Saharawi people are the people living in the western part of the Sahara desert which includes Western Sahara, southern Morocco, much of Mauritania and the extreme southwest of Algeria.

• Khartoum is the capital city of Sudan, located at the confluence of the Blue Nile and the White Nile, the two main branches of the River Nile.
• The Blue Nile originates from Lake Tana in Ethiopia and flows through the Sudanese desert, while the White Nile originates from Lake Victoria in Uganda and flows north through Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, and South Sudan.
• At Khartoum, the Blue Nile and White Nile merge to form the main Nile River, which continues to flow northwards through Egypt and ultimately empties into the Mediterranean Sea.
• The confluence of the two rivers is an important geographical feature of the city and has played a significant role in its history, economy, and culture.
• Khartoum has a population of over 5 million people and serves as the political, economic, and cultural center of Sudan.
• For more information and resources about Khartoum and the River Nile, you can visit EduRev.

• Mt. Kilimanjaro is the highest peak in Africa, standing at 5,895 meters (19,341 feet) above sea level.
• It is located in Tanzania, near the border with Kenya, and is part of the Kilimanjaro National Park.
• Kilimanjaro is a dormant volcano composed of three volcanic cones: Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira.
• The highest point on the mountain is called Uhuru Peak, which is situated on the Kibo cone.
• Mt. Kilimanjaro is one of the Seven Summits, which are the highest peaks on each of the seven continents.
• Thousands of climbers from around the world attempt to reach the summit of Kilimanjaro each year, making it one of the most popular high-altitude trekking destinations.
• The mountain is known for its diverse ecosystems, ranging from rainforests at the base to alpine meadows and glaciers near the summit.

• Gallipoli is located in European Turkey, overlooking the Dardanelles.
• It is a peninsula that forms the northern bank of the Dardanelles Strait, which connects the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara.
• The Gallipoli Peninsula has significant historical importance, especially in relation to the Gallipoli Campaign during World War I.
• Today, the region is a popular tourist destination with historical sites, monuments, and natural beauty to explore.

• Arkhangelsk: Arkhangelsk is the important port located on the White Sea in Russia. This port has historical significance as it was the primary maritime trade route for Russia in the 16th century, connecting it with Western Europe.
• Arkhangelsk is a vital transportation hub, serving as a gateway for the Arctic and Northern Sea Route. It provides access to the Barents Sea, the Arctic Ocean, and the North Atlantic, making it an important strategic location for both trade and military purposes.
• The city of Arkhangelsk is home to various industries, including shipbuilding, fishing, and timber processing. The port facilities handle a wide range of cargo, such as timber, coal, metals, and various consumer goods.
• Arkhangelsk is also a base for scientific research and Arctic exploration. Institutions such as the Northern (Arctic) Federal University and the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute contribute to the development of the knowledge and technology necessary for operating in the Arctic region.

• The Caspian Sea, located between Europe and Asia, is the largest inland water body in Europe.
• It has an area of approximately 371,000 square kilometers (143,000 square miles).
• The Caspian Sea is bordered by five countries: Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, and Azerbaijan.
• It is a remnant of the ancient Paratethys Sea, which existed millions of years ago.
• Although it is called a sea, the Caspian Sea is actually a lake because it is not connected to the world's oceans.
• The Caspian Sea is known for its rich biodiversity, including various species of fish, birds, and plants, as well as its vast reserves of oil and natural gas.
• For more information on European lakes and geographical features, visit EduRev.

• The Belgian port connected to the UK by a ferry service is Ostend (Option B).
• Ostend is a coastal city and major port in Belgium, situated along the North Sea.
• It serves as a crucial connection point between the UK and Belgium, allowing passengers and cargo to travel conveniently across the English Channel.
• Several ferry operators offer services between Ostend and different ports in the UK, providing a variety of options for travelers and businesses.
• The ferry service makes it easier for both countries to maintain strong economic ties and cultural exchange.

• Glasgow: Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and the fourth largest in the United Kingdom. It is a major port city on the River Clyde in the western Lowlands of Scotland. With a rich history, vibrant culture, and numerous attractions, Glasgow is a popular destination for tourists.


• Edinburgh: Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and the second largest city in the country. It is located in the southeastern part of Scotland, near the Firth of Forth. Edinburgh is known for its stunning architecture, historical sites, and lively festivals, such as the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and the Edinburgh International Festival. The city is also home to the Scottish Parliament and the official residence of the monarch in Scotland, the Palace of Holyroodhouse.

The correct option is D.
Turkey is a large country in south eastern Europe and western Asia. It shares borders with Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan), Iraq, Iran and Syria.

• The Jura Mountains are located in France and Switzerland.
• They form a natural border between the two countries, extending from the Rhine River in the north to the Rhône River in the south.
• The mountain range is approximately 360 kilometers (224 miles) long and consists of limestone and sandstone formations.
• Some popular tourist destinations in the Jura Mountains include the Creux du Van, a natural rock amphitheater in Switzerland, and the Haut-Jura Regional Natural Park in France.
• For more information and resources, you can visit the EduRev website.

• The Kiel Canal is located in Germany.
• It is an important shipping route that connects the North Sea with the Baltic Sea, specifically between the cities of Brunsbüttel and Kiel.
• The canal is approximately 98 kilometers (61 miles) long and saves ships the longer and more dangerous route around the Jutland Peninsula.
• It was first opened in 1895 and has since been expanded and modernized to accommodate larger ships and increased traffic.
• Aside from its commercial importance, the Kiel Canal is also popular for recreational boating and tourism, offering scenic views of the surrounding countryside.

• The Oder River is the one that partly forms the border between Germany and Poland.
• It is approximately 854 km (530 miles) long, making it the second-longest river in Poland and the 12th longest in Europe.
• The Oder River begins in the Czech Republic and flows through western Poland before emptying into the Baltic Sea.
• This river has been a natural border between the two countries since the end of World War II under the Potsdam Agreement.

• Colon: Located on the Caribbean Sea side of the Isthmus of Panama, Colon is the northern terminus of the Panama Canal. It is an important port city and serves as a gateway for international shipping and commerce.
• Panama City: Panama City is the southern terminus of the Panama Canal and is located on the Pacific Ocean side of the Isthmus. It is the capital and largest city of Panama, playing a vital role in the country's economy and serving as a hub for international trade and finance.

. Pico de Orizaba. Pico de Orizaba is a stratovolcano and the highest mountain in Mexico, as well as North America's tallest volcano

• Baffin Island is the largest island in Canada and the fifth largest island in the world, with an area of 507,451 square kilometers (195,928 square miles).
• It is located in the Arctic Archipelago, in the territory of Nunavut. Baffin Island is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, Davis Strait, Baffin Bay, and Lancaster Sound.
• The island is named after English explorer William Baffin. It has a population of around 13,000 people, with the majority residing in the town of Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut.
• Baffin Island is known for its stunning landscapes, including fjords, glaciers, and ice caps. It is also home to diverse wildlife, such as polar bears, Arctic foxes, caribou, and various species of whales and seals.
• Due to its location in the Arctic region, Baffin Island experiences extremely cold temperatures, particularly during the winter months, with average temperatures ranging from -20 to -35 degrees Celsius (-4 to -31 degrees Fahrenheit).
• Although Baffin Island is less well-known compared to other Canadian islands like Newfoundland and Victoria, it is the largest and most significant island in the country.

Mount Logan is the highest mountain in Canada, and the second-highest peak in North America after Denali.

The correct answer is C as Charlotte Amalie is capital of the US Virgin Islands located on St Thomas Island 

Political Island Grouping of Curacao

• Curacao is a part of the Netherlands Antilles, which is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea.
• The Netherlands Antilles was a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which included other islands such as Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba, and formerly Sint Maarten and Aruba before they became separate constituent countries.
• Although the Netherlands Antilles was formally dissolved in 2010, Curacao still maintains a strong political connection with the Netherlands as a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
• Curacao is not a part of the French West Indies, the Bahamas, or the Cayman Islands, which are separate political and geographical entities in the Caribbean region.

For more information, you can visit EduRev, which offers educational resources and materials on various subjects.

• The Windward and Leeward Islands are part of the Lesser Antilles, a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea.
• The Lesser Antilles is an archipelago that forms the eastern boundary of the Caribbean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean.
• The Windward Islands include Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, and Dominica. They are called the Windward Islands because they are more windward, or exposed, to the prevailing easterly trade winds.
• The Leeward Islands include the Virgin Islands, Anguilla, St. Martin, St. Barthelemy, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda, Montserrat, and Guadeloupe. They are called the Leeward Islands because they are situated in the lee, or sheltered side, of the Windward Islands, with respect to the prevailing easterly trade winds.
• The Lesser Antilles is divided into the Windward Islands and the Leeward Islands, making these two island groups a part of the larger geographical region in the Caribbean.