Science And Technology - MCQ Online Test (2) - UPSC MCQ

Answer: (a)
Explanation: Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. Japanese encephalitis is a disease caused by the mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus. The Japanese encephalitis virus is a virus from the family Flaviviridae. Domestic pigs and wild birds (especially herons) are reservoirs of the virus; transmission to humans may cause severe symptoms. The symptoms include high fever, headache, vomiting, confusion and, in severe cases, seizures, paralysis and coma. The disease can result in brain damage. Children and elderly people are especially at risk of developing a severe form of encephalitis. Mortality of this disease varies but is generally much higher in children.

Answer: (c)

Explanation:  A disease associated with the way a person or group of people lives. Common lifestyle diseases include heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, asthma, chronic liver disease, COPD, diabetes, stroke and osteoporosis. The risk of developing these diseases depend on a lot of factors including the type of work you do, your work environment, physical activity and your susceptibility to stress. Other contributing factors include poor posture, kind of foods you eat and poor sleeping habits.

Ans: d

Explanation: ISRO built India's first satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union  in 1975. In 1980, Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3. On 5 November 2013, ISRO launched its Mars Orbiter Mission, which successfully entered the Mars orbit on 24 September 2014, making India the first nation to succeed on its maiden attempt, and ISRO the first Asian space agency to reach Mars orbit.

Ans: c

Explanation: The Department of Science & Technology, Ministry of Science & Technology has been entrusted with the responsibility of coordinating two out of eight national missions launched under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). These are National Mission for Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem (NMSHE) and National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change (NMSKCC).

Ans: c

Explanation: Nuclear power is the fourth-largest source of electricity in India after thermal, hydroelectric and renewable sources of electricity. Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project is a proposed project of Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL) in Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. If built, it would be the largest nuclear power generating station in the world by net electrical power rating

Ans: a

Explanation: Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one chemical element or isotope into another. In other words, atoms of one element can be changed into atoms of another element through nuclear reactions or through radioactive decay.

Ans: b

Explanation: Thirty Meter Telescope will be the second largest of the existing and announced extremely large telescopes (ELT) which is under construction on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. The TMT will enable scientists to study fainter objects far away from earth providing information about early stages of the evolution of the universe. As a founding member of the important international scientific project, India will be a 10 percent partner in the project and 70 percent of its contributions will be "in kind"

Ans: a

Explanation: It’s called “Ebola” because first cases reported near Ebola River in Congo back in mid 70s. Ebola virus causes hemorrhagic fever. Symptoms include fever, gum-bleeding, nose-bleeding, red spots on body, blood in stool and vomit.

Ans: c

Explanation: Sickle Cell Anemia is a hereditary disease. Normal Red blood corpuscles (RBCs) have disk/donut shape. But in this disease, body produces sickle shaped Red Blood Cells (RBCs). These RBCs have abnormal life cycle, oxygen carrying capacity etc

Ans: d

Explanation: BRCA1 and BRCA2 are human genes used for diagnosing breast and ovarian cancers. If a woman has mutation in BRCA1 and BRCA2, she has a higher risk of breast/ovarian cancer

Ans: b

Explanation: JEEV is India’s first indigenous vaccine for Japanese Encephalitis launched by Biological E. Ltd. JEEV is a second generation inactivated vaccine. Japanese encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue. It is caused due to infection caused by a mosquito bite, which carries the virus. At present, there is no strong anti-viral therapy. Vaccination is considered the most effective weapon. According to the WHO, about 15,000 people die annually due to the after-effects of Japanese encephalitis.

Ans: a

Explanation: Tamiflu (oseltamivir) is an antiviral medication used to treat Swine flu.

Answer: (b)

Explanation - CERN is the acronym in french language.

Answer - (a)

Explaination - This phenomenon occurs at perigee, when moon is closest to Earth.

 Answer: (b)

Explaination - It is artificially created isotope of cobalt.