Test: CLAT Mock Test - 8 - CLAT MCQ

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

At the Kumbh Mela, Haridwar, in 1867, Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati did something unheard of. He installed the ‘pakhanda khandana pataka’, hypocrisy-denouncing flag, to challenge the forces of orthodoxy. And eight years later in Bombay, he went on to establish Arya Samaj that rests on the Vedic ideal: ‘Satyam paramo dharmah’, the highest religion is the religion of truth.

‘The inner self of man,’ he writes in his magnum opus Satyarth Prakash, ‘is the knower of truth and untruth, but through selfishness, stubbornness, malevolence and ignorance, he leaves truth and inclines towards untruth.’ And the Vedas, texts that are in consonance with the laws of nature, contain the Truth in its highest and purest forms.

Divinity is one in many, and many in one, believed Swamiji. God is Truth, the law of being, the upholder of ‘Rita’, cosmic order. The seemingly different gods in the Vedas represent his different aspects. Worship one god; bow before ideals and not idols, he advised. The Divine is so great that his image cannot be conceived or made. Though invoked by many names, ‘Aum’ is the first manifested sound representing him. All the key mantras begin with this sacred monosyllable that has the quintessential elements of 52 Sanskrit letters, 16 vowels and 36 consonants, each endowed with cosmic power.

‘Yajna’, according to him, is a key concept of the Vedas. The creation of the universe has been regarded as a yajna undertaken by Virat Purush, the creator. Its maintenance is possible by the continuous yajna of all beings, which means the performance of righteous actions by each member of society. Yajna is a process of spiritualising human activities.

Rejecting the theory that the brahmin was formed out of God’s mouth, the kshatriya from his arms, the vaishya from his thighs, and the shudra from his feet, Dayanand argued that this was a distortion of the scriptures which clearly laid down the social order, ought to depend on quality, action; and temperament, of a person, and not on his birth.

Q. As per a previous theory, which of the following is said to be formed out of God’s arm?

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

At the Kumbh Mela, Haridwar, in 1867, Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati did something unheard of. He installed the ‘pakhanda khandana pataka’, hypocrisy-denouncing flag, to challenge the forces of orthodoxy. And eight years later in Bombay, he went on to establish Arya Samaj that rests on the Vedic ideal: ‘Satyam paramo dharmah’, the highest religion is the religion of truth.

‘The inner self of man,’ he writes in his magnum opus Satyarth Prakash, ‘is the knower of truth and untruth, but through selfishness, stubbornness, malevolence and ignorance, he leaves truth and inclines towards untruth.’ And the Vedas, texts that are in consonance with the laws of nature, contain the Truth in its highest and purest forms.

Divinity is one in many, and many in one, believed Swamiji. God is Truth, the law of being, the upholder of ‘Rita’, cosmic order. The seemingly different gods in the Vedas represent his different aspects. Worship one god; bow before ideals and not idols, he advised. The Divine is so great that his image cannot be conceived or made. Though invoked by many names, ‘Aum’ is the first manifested sound representing him. All the key mantras begin with this sacred monosyllable that has the quintessential elements of 52 Sanskrit letters, 16 vowels and 36 consonants, each endowed with cosmic power.

‘Yajna’, according to him, is a key concept of the Vedas. The creation of the universe has been regarded as a yajna undertaken by Virat Purush, the creator. Its maintenance is possible by the continuous yajna of all beings, which means the performance of righteous actions by each member of society. Yajna is a process of spiritualising human activities.

Rejecting the theory that the brahmin was formed out of God’s mouth, the kshatriya from his arms, the vaishya from his thighs, and the shudra from his feet, Dayanand argued that this was a distortion of the scriptures which clearly laid down the social order, ought to depend on quality, action; and temperament, of a person, and not on his birth.

Q. Which of the following is false about ‘yajna’ as per Swami Dayanand Saraswati?

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

Real Estate and construction accounts for almost 36% of global energy consumption and nearly 40% of greenhouse gas emissions. The demolition and construction generate lot of waste, causes pollution and consumes many natural resources in large numbers. As the world becomes increasingly aware of the need to reduce its environmental footprint, the building industry is being called upon to adopt more eco-friendly practices and use green building techniques and materials.

Green building, also known as sustainable building, refers to the practice of designing, constructing, and operating buildings in an environmentally responsible manner. This includes using materials and methods that minimize the environmental impact of the building, as well as ensuring that the building is energy efficient and healthy for its occupants.

One of the most important aspects of green building is the use of sustainable materials. This includes using materials that are made from renewable resources, such as bamboo, or other materials that can be easily recycled, such as reclaimed wood. Additionally, many green building projects use low-toxicity and non-toxic materials, such as natural paint and sealants, to reduce indoor air pollution.

Another important aspect of green building is energy efficiency. They are often built with materials that use less energy to create and utilize, such as insulated glass and walls made from concrete. This also includes using energy-efficient appliances, lighting, heating and cooling systems, as well as incorporating solar and other renewable energy sources into the building’s design. This not only helps reduce the building’s carbon footprint, but it can also save money on energy costs in the long run. According to India’s Department of Energy, green buildings can reduce energy consumption by as much as 30-40 percent compared to traditional buildings.

Green buildings focus on creating healthy indoor environments. This includes incorporating natural light, fresh air, and green spaces into the design of the building, as well as using non-toxic materials that do not off-gas harmful chemicals. This helps reduce incidences of asthma, allergies and improve overall health and well-being of the building’s occupants.

Q. Which of the following does NOT describe "reclaimed wood" as mentioned in the passage?

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

Real Estate and construction accounts for almost 36% of global energy consumption and nearly 40% of greenhouse gas emissions. The demolition and construction generate lot of waste, causes pollution and consumes many natural resources in large numbers. As the world becomes increasingly aware of the need to reduce its environmental footprint, the building industry is being called upon to adopt more eco-friendly practices and use green building techniques and materials.

Green building, also known as sustainable building, refers to the practice of designing, constructing, and operating buildings in an environmentally responsible manner. This includes using materials and methods that minimize the environmental impact of the building, as well as ensuring that the building is energy efficient and healthy for its occupants.

One of the most important aspects of green building is the use of sustainable materials. This includes using materials that are made from renewable resources, such as bamboo, or other materials that can be easily recycled, such as reclaimed wood. Additionally, many green building projects use low-toxicity and non-toxic materials, such as natural paint and sealants, to reduce indoor air pollution.

Another important aspect of green building is energy efficiency. They are often built with materials that use less energy to create and utilize, such as insulated glass and walls made from concrete. This also includes using energy-efficient appliances, lighting, heating and cooling systems, as well as incorporating solar and other renewable energy sources into the building’s design. This not only helps reduce the building’s carbon footprint, but it can also save money on energy costs in the long run. According to India’s Department of Energy, green buildings can reduce energy consumption by as much as 30-40 percent compared to traditional buildings.

Green buildings focus on creating healthy indoor environments. This includes incorporating natural light, fresh air, and green spaces into the design of the building, as well as using non-toxic materials that do not off-gas harmful chemicals. This helps reduce incidences of asthma, allergies and improve overall health and well-being of the building’s occupants.

Q. Which of the following materials employed in green construction requires less energy for both production and use?

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

Real Estate and construction accounts for almost 36% of global energy consumption and nearly 40% of greenhouse gas emissions. The demolition and construction generate lot of waste, causes pollution and consumes many natural resources in large numbers. As the world becomes increasingly aware of the need to reduce its environmental footprint, the building industry is being called upon to adopt more eco-friendly practices and use green building techniques and materials.

Green building, also known as sustainable building, refers to the practice of designing, constructing, and operating buildings in an environmentally responsible manner. This includes using materials and methods that minimize the environmental impact of the building, as well as ensuring that the building is energy efficient and healthy for its occupants.

One of the most important aspects of green building is the use of sustainable materials. This includes using materials that are made from renewable resources, such as bamboo, or other materials that can be easily recycled, such as reclaimed wood. Additionally, many green building projects use low-toxicity and non-toxic materials, such as natural paint and sealants, to reduce indoor air pollution.

Another important aspect of green building is energy efficiency. They are often built with materials that use less energy to create and utilize, such as insulated glass and walls made from concrete. This also includes using energy-efficient appliances, lighting, heating and cooling systems, as well as incorporating solar and other renewable energy sources into the building’s design. This not only helps reduce the building’s carbon footprint, but it can also save money on energy costs in the long run. According to India’s Department of Energy, green buildings can reduce energy consumption by as much as 30-40 percent compared to traditional buildings.

Green buildings focus on creating healthy indoor environments. This includes incorporating natural light, fresh air, and green spaces into the design of the building, as well as using non-toxic materials that do not off-gas harmful chemicals. This helps reduce incidences of asthma, allergies and improve overall health and well-being of the building’s occupants.

Q. What does the phrasal verb 'called upon' mean as used in the passage?

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

Real Estate and construction accounts for almost 36% of global energy consumption and nearly 40% of greenhouse gas emissions. The demolition and construction generate lot of waste, causes pollution and consumes many natural resources in large numbers. As the world becomes increasingly aware of the need to reduce its environmental footprint, the building industry is being called upon to adopt more eco-friendly practices and use green building techniques and materials.

Green building, also known as sustainable building, refers to the practice of designing, constructing, and operating buildings in an environmentally responsible manner. This includes using materials and methods that minimize the environmental impact of the building, as well as ensuring that the building is energy efficient and healthy for its occupants.

One of the most important aspects of green building is the use of sustainable materials. This includes using materials that are made from renewable resources, such as bamboo, or other materials that can be easily recycled, such as reclaimed wood. Additionally, many green building projects use low-toxicity and non-toxic materials, such as natural paint and sealants, to reduce indoor air pollution.

Another important aspect of green building is energy efficiency. They are often built with materials that use less energy to create and utilize, such as insulated glass and walls made from concrete. This also includes using energy-efficient appliances, lighting, heating and cooling systems, as well as incorporating solar and other renewable energy sources into the building’s design. This not only helps reduce the building’s carbon footprint, but it can also save money on energy costs in the long run. According to India’s Department of Energy, green buildings can reduce energy consumption by as much as 30-40 percent compared to traditional buildings.

Green buildings focus on creating healthy indoor environments. This includes incorporating natural light, fresh air, and green spaces into the design of the building, as well as using non-toxic materials that do not off-gas harmful chemicals. This helps reduce incidences of asthma, allergies and improve overall health and well-being of the building’s occupants.

Q. Which of the following traits do not belong to green buildings?

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

Real Estate and construction accounts for almost 36% of global energy consumption and nearly 40% of greenhouse gas emissions. The demolition and construction generate lot of waste, causes pollution and consumes many natural resources in large numbers. As the world becomes increasingly aware of the need to reduce its environmental footprint, the building industry is being called upon to adopt more eco-friendly practices and use green building techniques and materials.

Green building, also known as sustainable building, refers to the practice of designing, constructing, and operating buildings in an environmentally responsible manner. This includes using materials and methods that minimize the environmental impact of the building, as well as ensuring that the building is energy efficient and healthy for its occupants.

One of the most important aspects of green building is the use of sustainable materials. This includes using materials that are made from renewable resources, such as bamboo, or other materials that can be easily recycled, such as reclaimed wood. Additionally, many green building projects use low-toxicity and non-toxic materials, such as natural paint and sealants, to reduce indoor air pollution.

Another important aspect of green building is energy efficiency. They are often built with materials that use less energy to create and utilize, such as insulated glass and walls made from concrete. This also includes using energy-efficient appliances, lighting, heating and cooling systems, as well as incorporating solar and other renewable energy sources into the building’s design. This not only helps reduce the building’s carbon footprint, but it can also save money on energy costs in the long run. According to India’s Department of Energy, green buildings can reduce energy consumption by as much as 30-40 percent compared to traditional buildings.

Green buildings focus on creating healthy indoor environments. This includes incorporating natural light, fresh air, and green spaces into the design of the building, as well as using non-toxic materials that do not off-gas harmful chemicals. This helps reduce incidences of asthma, allergies and improve overall health and well-being of the building’s occupants.

Q. What tone is conveyed by the provided passage?

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) convoked an urgent meeting on Tuesday after central African nation Equatorial Guinea confirmed its first outbreak of the highly infectious Marburg virus disease, or MVD. So far, nine deaths and 16 suspected cases have been reported. Preliminary tests turned out to be positive for the deadly disease, which is similar to Ebola.

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe illness that causes viral haemorrhagic fever in humans. The virus was first identified after simultaneous outbreaks in Frankfurt and Marburg, Germany — from where it derives its name — and Belgrade, Serbia in 1967. Those first infected were exposed to Ugandan imported African green monkeys or their tissues while conducting research, as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. More than 30 fell ill, and seven deaths were reported.

Since then, cases have been reported in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Africa and Uganda. In a 2004 outbreak in Angola, MVD killed 90% of the 252 infected.

Like Ebola, the Marburg virus is transmitted to primates from bats which are considered natural hosts of the virus. Fruit bats infected with the virus do not show obvious signs of illness, but it can cause serious illness or death in humans.

It spreads among humans via direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected bats, or surfaces like bedsheets. The disease can also spread during burial ceremonies if there is direct contact with the body of the deceased.

The virus takes between two and 21 days to incubate. As per WHO, the disease has an average fatality rate of 50%, which has varied from 24% to 88% in past outbreaks. A person infected with the virus experiences sudden illness with symptoms like high fever, severe headache and discomfort. Many develop severe haemorrhagic signs within seven days, as per the CDC. n fatal cases, death often occurs eight or nine days after the onset of symptoms, usually preceded by severe blood loss and shock.

As of now, there are no authorised vaccines or drugs to treat the Marburg virus disease. The WHO, however, says that rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids and treatment of specific symptoms can improve chances of survival.

Q. What is the writing style employed in the provided passage?

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) convoked an urgent meeting on Tuesday after central African nation Equatorial Guinea confirmed its first outbreak of the highly infectious Marburg virus disease, or MVD. So far, nine deaths and 16 suspected cases have been reported. Preliminary tests turned out to be positive for the deadly disease, which is similar to Ebola.

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe illness that causes viral haemorrhagic fever in humans. The virus was first identified after simultaneous outbreaks in Frankfurt and Marburg, Germany — from where it derives its name — and Belgrade, Serbia in 1967. Those first infected were exposed to Ugandan imported African green monkeys or their tissues while conducting research, as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. More than 30 fell ill, and seven deaths were reported.

Since then, cases have been reported in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Africa and Uganda. In a 2004 outbreak in Angola, MVD killed 90% of the 252 infected.

Like Ebola, the Marburg virus is transmitted to primates from bats which are considered natural hosts of the virus. Fruit bats infected with the virus do not show obvious signs of illness, but it can cause serious illness or death in humans.

It spreads among humans via direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected bats, or surfaces like bedsheets. The disease can also spread during burial ceremonies if there is direct contact with the body of the deceased.

The virus takes between two and 21 days to incubate. As per WHO, the disease has an average fatality rate of 50%, which has varied from 24% to 88% in past outbreaks. A person infected with the virus experiences sudden illness with symptoms like high fever, severe headache and discomfort. Many develop severe haemorrhagic signs within seven days, as per the CDC. n fatal cases, death often occurs eight or nine days after the onset of symptoms, usually preceded by severe blood loss and shock.

As of now, there are no authorised vaccines or drugs to treat the Marburg virus disease. The WHO, however, says that rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids and treatment of specific symptoms can improve chances of survival.

Q. All of the following countries are affected by Marburg virus except:

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) convoked an urgent meeting on Tuesday after central African nation Equatorial Guinea confirmed its first outbreak of the highly infectious Marburg virus disease, or MVD. So far, nine deaths and 16 suspected cases have been reported. Preliminary tests turned out to be positive for the deadly disease, which is similar to Ebola.

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe illness that causes viral haemorrhagic fever in humans. The virus was first identified after simultaneous outbreaks in Frankfurt and Marburg, Germany — from where it derives its name — and Belgrade, Serbia in 1967. Those first infected were exposed to Ugandan imported African green monkeys or their tissues while conducting research, as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. More than 30 fell ill, and seven deaths were reported.

Since then, cases have been reported in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Africa and Uganda. In a 2004 outbreak in Angola, MVD killed 90% of the 252 infected.

Like Ebola, the Marburg virus is transmitted to primates from bats which are considered natural hosts of the virus. Fruit bats infected with the virus do not show obvious signs of illness, but it can cause serious illness or death in humans.

It spreads among humans via direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected bats, or surfaces like bedsheets. The disease can also spread during burial ceremonies if there is direct contact with the body of the deceased.

The virus takes between two and 21 days to incubate. As per WHO, the disease has an average fatality rate of 50%, which has varied from 24% to 88% in past outbreaks. A person infected with the virus experiences sudden illness with symptoms like high fever, severe headache and discomfort. Many develop severe haemorrhagic signs within seven days, as per the CDC. n fatal cases, death often occurs eight or nine days after the onset of symptoms, usually preceded by severe blood loss and shock.

As of now, there are no authorised vaccines or drugs to treat the Marburg virus disease. The WHO, however, says that rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids and treatment of specific symptoms can improve chances of survival.

Q. What does the term 'convoked' mean as used in the passage?

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) convoked an urgent meeting on Tuesday after central African nation Equatorial Guinea confirmed its first outbreak of the highly infectious Marburg virus disease, or MVD. So far, nine deaths and 16 suspected cases have been reported. Preliminary tests turned out to be positive for the deadly disease, which is similar to Ebola.

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe illness that causes viral haemorrhagic fever in humans. The virus was first identified after simultaneous outbreaks in Frankfurt and Marburg, Germany — from where it derives its name — and Belgrade, Serbia in 1967. Those first infected were exposed to Ugandan imported African green monkeys or their tissues while conducting research, as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. More than 30 fell ill, and seven deaths were reported.

Since then, cases have been reported in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Africa and Uganda. In a 2004 outbreak in Angola, MVD killed 90% of the 252 infected.

Like Ebola, the Marburg virus is transmitted to primates from bats which are considered natural hosts of the virus. Fruit bats infected with the virus do not show obvious signs of illness, but it can cause serious illness or death in humans.

It spreads among humans via direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected bats, or surfaces like bedsheets. The disease can also spread during burial ceremonies if there is direct contact with the body of the deceased.

The virus takes between two and 21 days to incubate. As per WHO, the disease has an average fatality rate of 50%, which has varied from 24% to 88% in past outbreaks. A person infected with the virus experiences sudden illness with symptoms like high fever, severe headache and discomfort. Many develop severe haemorrhagic signs within seven days, as per the CDC. n fatal cases, death often occurs eight or nine days after the onset of symptoms, usually preceded by severe blood loss and shock.

As of now, there are no authorised vaccines or drugs to treat the Marburg virus disease. The WHO, however, says that rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids and treatment of specific symptoms can improve chances of survival.

Q. Which of the following are NOT agents of Marburg virus disease?

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) convoked an urgent meeting on Tuesday after central African nation Equatorial Guinea confirmed its first outbreak of the highly infectious Marburg virus disease, or MVD. So far, nine deaths and 16 suspected cases have been reported. Preliminary tests turned out to be positive for the deadly disease, which is similar to Ebola.

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe illness that causes viral haemorrhagic fever in humans. The virus was first identified after simultaneous outbreaks in Frankfurt and Marburg, Germany — from where it derives its name — and Belgrade, Serbia in 1967. Those first infected were exposed to Ugandan imported African green monkeys or their tissues while conducting research, as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. More than 30 fell ill, and seven deaths were reported.

Since then, cases have been reported in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Africa and Uganda. In a 2004 outbreak in Angola, MVD killed 90% of the 252 infected.

Like Ebola, the Marburg virus is transmitted to primates from bats which are considered natural hosts of the virus. Fruit bats infected with the virus do not show obvious signs of illness, but it can cause serious illness or death in humans.

It spreads among humans via direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected bats, or surfaces like bedsheets. The disease can also spread during burial ceremonies if there is direct contact with the body of the deceased.

The virus takes between two and 21 days to incubate. As per WHO, the disease has an average fatality rate of 50%, which has varied from 24% to 88% in past outbreaks. A person infected with the virus experiences sudden illness with symptoms like high fever, severe headache and discomfort. Many develop severe haemorrhagic signs within seven days, as per the CDC. n fatal cases, death often occurs eight or nine days after the onset of symptoms, usually preceded by severe blood loss and shock.

As of now, there are no authorised vaccines or drugs to treat the Marburg virus disease. The WHO, however, says that rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids and treatment of specific symptoms can improve chances of survival.

Q. What cannot be deduced from the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

This passage is from Lydia Minatoya; 'The Strangeness of Beauty' © 1999 by Lydia Minatoya. The setting is Japan in 1920. Chie and her daughter Naomi are members of the House of Fuji, a noble family.
(with edits and reviews)
Akira came directly, breaking all tradition. Was that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his mother to speak to his father to approach a Line go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?
He came on a winter's eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda. So at first Chie thought him only to be the wind. The maid knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps, the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a calling card to the drawing room, for Chie.
Chie was reluctant to go to her guest; perhaps she was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt spread over the sides of the table so their legs were tucked inside with the heat.
"Who is it at this hour, in this weather?" Chie questioned as she picked the name card off the maid's lacquer tray.
"Shinoda, Akira. Kobe Dental College", she read.
Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft intake of air.
"I think you should go", said Naomi.
Akira was waiting in the entryway. He was in his early twenties, slim and serious, wearing the black military-style uniform of a student. As he bowed—his hands hanging straight down, a black cap in one, a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening surface of the courtyard's rain-drenched paving stones, she saw his reflection like a dark double.
"Madame", said Akira, "forgive my disruption, but I come with a matter of urgency".
His voice was soft and refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.
In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity. Chie felt herself starting to like him.
She said, "Come inside, get out of this nasty night. Surely your business can wait for a moment or two."
"I don't want to trouble you. Normally I would approach you more properly but I've received word of a position. I've an opportunity to go to America, as a dentist for Seattle's Japanese community", he responded.
"Congratulations", Chie said with amusement. "That is an opportunity, I'm sure. But how am I involved?"
Even noting Naomi's breathless reaction to the name card, Chie had no idea. Akira's message, delivered like a formal speech, filled her with maternal amusement. You know how children speak so earnestly, so hurriedly, so endearingly about things that have no importance in an adult's mind? That's how she viewed him, as a child.
It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts needed to make a good marriage, Chie had made no effort to find her a husband.
Akira blushed and said, "Depending on your response, I may stay in Japan. I've come to ask for Naomi's hand."
Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.
"Does Naomi know anything of your . . . ambitions?"
"We have an understanding. Please don't judge my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I ask directly because the use of a go-between takes much time. Either method comes down to the same thing: a matter of parental approval. If you give your consent, I become Naomi's yoshi. We'll live in the House of Fuji. Without your consent, I must go to America to secure a new home for my bride."

Q. Based on the information in the passage, it is evident that:

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

This passage is from Lydia Minatoya; 'The Strangeness of Beauty' © 1999 by Lydia Minatoya. The setting is Japan in 1920. Chie and her daughter Naomi are members of the House of Fuji, a noble family.
(with edits and reviews)
Akira came directly, breaking all tradition. Was that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his mother to speak to his father to approach a Line go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?
He came on a winter's eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda. So at first Chie thought him only to be the wind. The maid knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps, the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a calling card to the drawing room, for Chie.
Chie was reluctant to go to her guest; perhaps she was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt spread over the sides of the table so their legs were tucked inside with the heat.
"Who is it at this hour, in this weather?" Chie questioned as she picked the name card off the maid's lacquer tray.
"Shinoda, Akira. Kobe Dental College", she read.
Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft intake of air.
"I think you should go", said Naomi.
Akira was waiting in the entryway. He was in his early twenties, slim and serious, wearing the black military-style uniform of a student. As he bowed—his hands hanging straight down, a black cap in one, a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening surface of the courtyard's rain-drenched paving stones, she saw his reflection like a dark double.
"Madame", said Akira, "forgive my disruption, but I come with a matter of urgency".
His voice was soft and refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.
In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity. Chie felt herself starting to like him.
She said, "Come inside, get out of this nasty night. Surely your business can wait for a moment or two."
"I don't want to trouble you. Normally I would approach you more properly but I've received word of a position. I've an opportunity to go to America, as a dentist for Seattle's Japanese community", he responded.
"Congratulations", Chie said with amusement. "That is an opportunity, I'm sure. But how am I involved?"
Even noting Naomi's breathless reaction to the name card, Chie had no idea. Akira's message, delivered like a formal speech, filled her with maternal amusement. You know how children speak so earnestly, so hurriedly, so endearingly about things that have no importance in an adult's mind? That's how she viewed him, as a child.
It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts needed to make a good marriage, Chie had made no effort to find her a husband.
Akira blushed and said, "Depending on your response, I may stay in Japan. I've come to ask for Naomi's hand."
Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.
"Does Naomi know anything of your . . . ambitions?"
"We have an understanding. Please don't judge my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I ask directly because the use of a go-between takes much time. Either method comes down to the same thing: a matter of parental approval. If you give your consent, I become Naomi's yoshi. We'll live in the House of Fuji. Without your consent, I must go to America to secure a new home for my bride."

Q. What was the reason for Chie's hesitation to meet her visitor?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

This passage is from Lydia Minatoya; 'The Strangeness of Beauty' © 1999 by Lydia Minatoya. The setting is Japan in 1920. Chie and her daughter Naomi are members of the House of Fuji, a noble family.
(with edits and reviews)
Akira came directly, breaking all tradition. Was that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his mother to speak to his father to approach a Line go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?
He came on a winter's eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda. So at first Chie thought him only to be the wind. The maid knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps, the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a calling card to the drawing room, for Chie.
Chie was reluctant to go to her guest; perhaps she was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt spread over the sides of the table so their legs were tucked inside with the heat.
"Who is it at this hour, in this weather?" Chie questioned as she picked the name card off the maid's lacquer tray.
"Shinoda, Akira. Kobe Dental College", she read.
Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft intake of air.
"I think you should go", said Naomi.
Akira was waiting in the entryway. He was in his early twenties, slim and serious, wearing the black military-style uniform of a student. As he bowed—his hands hanging straight down, a black cap in one, a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening surface of the courtyard's rain-drenched paving stones, she saw his reflection like a dark double.
"Madame", said Akira, "forgive my disruption, but I come with a matter of urgency".
His voice was soft and refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.
In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity. Chie felt herself starting to like him.
She said, "Come inside, get out of this nasty night. Surely your business can wait for a moment or two."
"I don't want to trouble you. Normally I would approach you more properly but I've received word of a position. I've an opportunity to go to America, as a dentist for Seattle's Japanese community", he responded.
"Congratulations", Chie said with amusement. "That is an opportunity, I'm sure. But how am I involved?"
Even noting Naomi's breathless reaction to the name card, Chie had no idea. Akira's message, delivered like a formal speech, filled her with maternal amusement. You know how children speak so earnestly, so hurriedly, so endearingly about things that have no importance in an adult's mind? That's how she viewed him, as a child.
It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts needed to make a good marriage, Chie had made no effort to find her a husband.
Akira blushed and said, "Depending on your response, I may stay in Japan. I've come to ask for Naomi's hand."
Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.
"Does Naomi know anything of your . . . ambitions?"
"We have an understanding. Please don't judge my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I ask directly because the use of a go-between takes much time. Either method comes down to the same thing: a matter of parental approval. If you give your consent, I become Naomi's yoshi. We'll live in the House of Fuji. Without your consent, I must go to America to secure a new home for my bride."

Q. Which response from Chie is Akira most apprehensive about?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

This passage is from Lydia Minatoya; 'The Strangeness of Beauty' © 1999 by Lydia Minatoya. The setting is Japan in 1920. Chie and her daughter Naomi are members of the House of Fuji, a noble family.
(with edits and reviews)
Akira came directly, breaking all tradition. Was that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his mother to speak to his father to approach a Line go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?
He came on a winter's eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda. So at first Chie thought him only to be the wind. The maid knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps, the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a calling card to the drawing room, for Chie.
Chie was reluctant to go to her guest; perhaps she was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt spread over the sides of the table so their legs were tucked inside with the heat.
"Who is it at this hour, in this weather?" Chie questioned as she picked the name card off the maid's lacquer tray.
"Shinoda, Akira. Kobe Dental College", she read.
Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft intake of air.
"I think you should go", said Naomi.
Akira was waiting in the entryway. He was in his early twenties, slim and serious, wearing the black military-style uniform of a student. As he bowed—his hands hanging straight down, a black cap in one, a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening surface of the courtyard's rain-drenched paving stones, she saw his reflection like a dark double.
"Madame", said Akira, "forgive my disruption, but I come with a matter of urgency".
His voice was soft and refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.
In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity. Chie felt herself starting to like him.
She said, "Come inside, get out of this nasty night. Surely your business can wait for a moment or two."
"I don't want to trouble you. Normally I would approach you more properly but I've received word of a position. I've an opportunity to go to America, as a dentist for Seattle's Japanese community", he responded.
"Congratulations", Chie said with amusement. "That is an opportunity, I'm sure. But how am I involved?"
Even noting Naomi's breathless reaction to the name card, Chie had no idea. Akira's message, delivered like a formal speech, filled her with maternal amusement. You know how children speak so earnestly, so hurriedly, so endearingly about things that have no importance in an adult's mind? That's how she viewed him, as a child.
It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts needed to make a good marriage, Chie had made no effort to find her a husband.
Akira blushed and said, "Depending on your response, I may stay in Japan. I've come to ask for Naomi's hand."
Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.
"Does Naomi know anything of your . . . ambitions?"
"We have an understanding. Please don't judge my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I ask directly because the use of a go-between takes much time. Either method comes down to the same thing: a matter of parental approval. If you give your consent, I become Naomi's yoshi. We'll live in the House of Fuji. Without your consent, I must go to America to secure a new home for my bride."

Q. The term 'receptive' is the opposite of:

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

This passage is from Lydia Minatoya; 'The Strangeness of Beauty' © 1999 by Lydia Minatoya. The setting is Japan in 1920. Chie and her daughter Naomi are members of the House of Fuji, a noble family.
(with edits and reviews)
Akira came directly, breaking all tradition. Was that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his mother to speak to his father to approach a Line go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?
He came on a winter's eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda. So at first Chie thought him only to be the wind. The maid knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps, the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a calling card to the drawing room, for Chie.
Chie was reluctant to go to her guest; perhaps she was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt spread over the sides of the table so their legs were tucked inside with the heat.
"Who is it at this hour, in this weather?" Chie questioned as she picked the name card off the maid's lacquer tray.
"Shinoda, Akira. Kobe Dental College", she read.
Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft intake of air.
"I think you should go", said Naomi.
Akira was waiting in the entryway. He was in his early twenties, slim and serious, wearing the black military-style uniform of a student. As he bowed—his hands hanging straight down, a black cap in one, a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening surface of the courtyard's rain-drenched paving stones, she saw his reflection like a dark double.
"Madame", said Akira, "forgive my disruption, but I come with a matter of urgency".
His voice was soft and refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.
In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity. Chie felt herself starting to like him.
She said, "Come inside, get out of this nasty night. Surely your business can wait for a moment or two."
"I don't want to trouble you. Normally I would approach you more properly but I've received word of a position. I've an opportunity to go to America, as a dentist for Seattle's Japanese community", he responded.
"Congratulations", Chie said with amusement. "That is an opportunity, I'm sure. But how am I involved?"
Even noting Naomi's breathless reaction to the name card, Chie had no idea. Akira's message, delivered like a formal speech, filled her with maternal amusement. You know how children speak so earnestly, so hurriedly, so endearingly about things that have no importance in an adult's mind? That's how she viewed him, as a child.
It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts needed to make a good marriage, Chie had made no effort to find her a husband.
Akira blushed and said, "Depending on your response, I may stay in Japan. I've come to ask for Naomi's hand."
Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.
"Does Naomi know anything of your . . . ambitions?"
"We have an understanding. Please don't judge my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I ask directly because the use of a go-between takes much time. Either method comes down to the same thing: a matter of parental approval. If you give your consent, I become Naomi's yoshi. We'll live in the House of Fuji. Without your consent, I must go to America to secure a new home for my bride."

Q. Why does Akira describe his meeting with Chie as 'a matter of urgency'?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

In Bhavnagar, a former princely state in Gujarat, I, Mohandas Gandhi, had a chat with Jayshankar Buch. During the chat he advised me to apply to the Junagadh State to give me a scholarship to proceed to London for continuing my studies, I being an inhabitant of Sorath, a district in Saurashtra. I do not perfectly remember the answer I made to him that day. I suppose I felt the impossibility of getting the scholarship. From that time onwards I had in my mind the intention of visiting the land. And I was finding the means to reach that end.
On 13th April, 1888, I left Bhavnagar to enjoy the vacation in Rajkot. After 15 days of vacation, my elder brother and I went to see Patwari. On our return my brother said: "We would go to see Mavji Joshi", a family friend and adviser of our family, and so we went. Mavji Joshi asked me as usual how I did, then put some questions about my study in Bhavnagar. I plainly told him that I had hardly any chance of passing my examination first year. I also added that I found the course very difficult. Hearing this, he advised my brother to send me as soon as possible to London for being called to the Bar. He said that the expense would be only Rs. 5,000. "Let him take some urad dal. There he will cook some food for himself and thereby there will be no objection about religion. Don't reveal the matter to anybody. Try to get some scholarship. Apply to Junagadh and Porbandar States. See my son Kevalram, the leading lawyer of Kathiwan, and if you fail in getting the pecuniary help and if you have no money, sell your furniture. But anyhow send Mohandas to London. I think that is the only means to keep the reputation of your deceased father." All of our family members have great faith in what Mavji Joshi says. And of my brother who is naturally very credulous made a promise to Mavji Joshi to send me to London. Now was the time for my exertions.
On that very day, my brother, notwithstanding his promise to keep the matter secret, told the thing to Khushalbhai, my cousin and father of Chhaganlal and Maganlal both of whom worked with him in South Africa. He, of course, approved of it in case I could observe my religion. The very day it was told to my cousin Meghjibhai. He quite agreed with the proposal and offered to give me Rs. 5,000. I had some faith in what he said.
(Extracted, with edits and reviews, from 'The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi')

Q. What could have been Gandhiji's answer to Buch about going to London to study?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

In Bhavnagar, a former princely state in Gujarat, I, Mohandas Gandhi, had a chat with Jayshankar Buch. During the chat he advised me to apply to the Junagadh State to give me a scholarship to proceed to London for continuing my studies, I being an inhabitant of Sorath, a district in Saurashtra. I do not perfectly remember the answer I made to him that day. I suppose I felt the impossibility of getting the scholarship. From that time onwards I had in my mind the intention of visiting the land. And I was finding the means to reach that end.
On 13th April, 1888, I left Bhavnagar to enjoy the vacation in Rajkot. After 15 days of vacation, my elder brother and I went to see Patwari. On our return my brother said: "We would go to see Mavji Joshi", a family friend and adviser of our family, and so we went. Mavji Joshi asked me as usual how I did, then put some questions about my study in Bhavnagar. I plainly told him that I had hardly any chance of passing my examination first year. I also added that I found the course very difficult. Hearing this, he advised my brother to send me as soon as possible to London for being called to the Bar. He said that the expense would be only Rs. 5,000. "Let him take some urad dal. There he will cook some food for himself and thereby there will be no objection about religion. Don't reveal the matter to anybody. Try to get some scholarship. Apply to Junagadh and Porbandar States. See my son Kevalram, the leading lawyer of Kathiwan, and if you fail in getting the pecuniary help and if you have no money, sell your furniture. But anyhow send Mohandas to London. I think that is the only means to keep the reputation of your deceased father." All of our family members have great faith in what Mavji Joshi says. And of my brother who is naturally very credulous made a promise to Mavji Joshi to send me to London. Now was the time for my exertions.
On that very day, my brother, notwithstanding his promise to keep the matter secret, told the thing to Khushalbhai, my cousin and father of Chhaganlal and Maganlal both of whom worked with him in South Africa. He, of course, approved of it in case I could observe my religion. The very day it was told to my cousin Meghjibhai. He quite agreed with the proposal and offered to give me Rs. 5,000. I had some faith in what he said.
(Extracted, with edits and reviews, from 'The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi')

Q. What is the meaning of the term 'credulous' as it appears in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

In Bhavnagar, a former princely state in Gujarat, I, Mohandas Gandhi, had a chat with Jayshankar Buch. During the chat he advised me to apply to the Junagadh State to give me a scholarship to proceed to London for continuing my studies, I being an inhabitant of Sorath, a district in Saurashtra. I do not perfectly remember the answer I made to him that day. I suppose I felt the impossibility of getting the scholarship. From that time onwards I had in my mind the intention of visiting the land. And I was finding the means to reach that end.
On 13th April, 1888, I left Bhavnagar to enjoy the vacation in Rajkot. After 15 days of vacation, my elder brother and I went to see Patwari. On our return my brother said: "We would go to see Mavji Joshi", a family friend and adviser of our family, and so we went. Mavji Joshi asked me as usual how I did, then put some questions about my study in Bhavnagar. I plainly told him that I had hardly any chance of passing my examination first year. I also added that I found the course very difficult. Hearing this, he advised my brother to send me as soon as possible to London for being called to the Bar. He said that the expense would be only Rs. 5,000. "Let him take some urad dal. There he will cook some food for himself and thereby there will be no objection about religion. Don't reveal the matter to anybody. Try to get some scholarship. Apply to Junagadh and Porbandar States. See my son Kevalram, the leading lawyer of Kathiwan, and if you fail in getting the pecuniary help and if you have no money, sell your furniture. But anyhow send Mohandas to London. I think that is the only means to keep the reputation of your deceased father." All of our family members have great faith in what Mavji Joshi says. And of my brother who is naturally very credulous made a promise to Mavji Joshi to send me to London. Now was the time for my exertions.
On that very day, my brother, notwithstanding his promise to keep the matter secret, told the thing to Khushalbhai, my cousin and father of Chhaganlal and Maganlal both of whom worked with him in South Africa. He, of course, approved of it in case I could observe my religion. The very day it was told to my cousin Meghjibhai. He quite agreed with the proposal and offered to give me Rs. 5,000. I had some faith in what he said.
(Extracted, with edits and reviews, from 'The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi')

Q. What might have motivated Mavji Joshi to suggest that Gandhiji take 'urad dal' to London?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

In Bhavnagar, a former princely state in Gujarat, I, Mohandas Gandhi, had a chat with Jayshankar Buch. During the chat he advised me to apply to the Junagadh State to give me a scholarship to proceed to London for continuing my studies, I being an inhabitant of Sorath, a district in Saurashtra. I do not perfectly remember the answer I made to him that day. I suppose I felt the impossibility of getting the scholarship. From that time onwards I had in my mind the intention of visiting the land. And I was finding the means to reach that end.
On 13th April, 1888, I left Bhavnagar to enjoy the vacation in Rajkot. After 15 days of vacation, my elder brother and I went to see Patwari. On our return my brother said: "We would go to see Mavji Joshi", a family friend and adviser of our family, and so we went. Mavji Joshi asked me as usual how I did, then put some questions about my study in Bhavnagar. I plainly told him that I had hardly any chance of passing my examination first year. I also added that I found the course very difficult. Hearing this, he advised my brother to send me as soon as possible to London for being called to the Bar. He said that the expense would be only Rs. 5,000. "Let him take some urad dal. There he will cook some food for himself and thereby there will be no objection about religion. Don't reveal the matter to anybody. Try to get some scholarship. Apply to Junagadh and Porbandar States. See my son Kevalram, the leading lawyer of Kathiwan, and if you fail in getting the pecuniary help and if you have no money, sell your furniture. But anyhow send Mohandas to London. I think that is the only means to keep the reputation of your deceased father." All of our family members have great faith in what Mavji Joshi says. And of my brother who is naturally very credulous made a promise to Mavji Joshi to send me to London. Now was the time for my exertions.
On that very day, my brother, notwithstanding his promise to keep the matter secret, told the thing to Khushalbhai, my cousin and father of Chhaganlal and Maganlal both of whom worked with him in South Africa. He, of course, approved of it in case I could observe my religion. The very day it was told to my cousin Meghjibhai. He quite agreed with the proposal and offered to give me Rs. 5,000. I had some faith in what he said.
(Extracted, with edits and reviews, from 'The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi')

Q. What advice did Jayshankar Buch give to Mohandas Gandhi during their chat in Bhavnagar?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

In Bhavnagar, a former princely state in Gujarat, I, Mohandas Gandhi, had a chat with Jayshankar Buch. During the chat he advised me to apply to the Junagadh State to give me a scholarship to proceed to London for continuing my studies, I being an inhabitant of Sorath, a district in Saurashtra. I do not perfectly remember the answer I made to him that day. I suppose I felt the impossibility of getting the scholarship. From that time onwards I had in my mind the intention of visiting the land. And I was finding the means to reach that end.
On 13th April, 1888, I left Bhavnagar to enjoy the vacation in Rajkot. After 15 days of vacation, my elder brother and I went to see Patwari. On our return my brother said: "We would go to see Mavji Joshi", a family friend and adviser of our family, and so we went. Mavji Joshi asked me as usual how I did, then put some questions about my study in Bhavnagar. I plainly told him that I had hardly any chance of passing my examination first year. I also added that I found the course very difficult. Hearing this, he advised my brother to send me as soon as possible to London for being called to the Bar. He said that the expense would be only Rs. 5,000. "Let him take some urad dal. There he will cook some food for himself and thereby there will be no objection about religion. Don't reveal the matter to anybody. Try to get some scholarship. Apply to Junagadh and Porbandar States. See my son Kevalram, the leading lawyer of Kathiwan, and if you fail in getting the pecuniary help and if you have no money, sell your furniture. But anyhow send Mohandas to London. I think that is the only means to keep the reputation of your deceased father." All of our family members have great faith in what Mavji Joshi says. And of my brother who is naturally very credulous made a promise to Mavji Joshi to send me to London. Now was the time for my exertions.
On that very day, my brother, notwithstanding his promise to keep the matter secret, told the thing to Khushalbhai, my cousin and father of Chhaganlal and Maganlal both of whom worked with him in South Africa. He, of course, approved of it in case I could observe my religion. The very day it was told to my cousin Meghjibhai. He quite agreed with the proposal and offered to give me Rs. 5,000. I had some faith in what he said.
(Extracted, with edits and reviews, from 'The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi')

Q. How did Mohandas Gandhi's cousin, Meghjibhai, respond to the proposal of sending Mohandas to London?

Directions: Study the following information carefully answer the question given beside.

India has come under fire at the World Trade Organisation (WTO) for avoiding questions raised by members on its MSP programmes for food grain, particularly rice, where subsidies have breached prescribed limits. Some countries have alleged that India did not give sufficient replies to concerns raised by them during consultations.

Members such as the U.S., Australia, Canada, the EU, and Thailand, said at a WTO agriculture committee meeting on Monday, that India must reply to questions asked on its public stockholding (PSH) programmes at the committee, according to sources. “India, however, stuck to its guns and insisted that it provided the best possible information and clarifications at the consultations held with interested members based on available information.

India’s MSP programmes are under scrutiny at the WTO, as it is the first country to invoke the Bali ‘peace clause’ to justify exceeding its 10% ceiling (of the total value of rice production) for rice support in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. While the ‘peace clause’ allows developing countries to breach the 10% ceiling without invoking legal action by members, it is subject to onerous notification requirements and numerous conditions such as not distorting global trade and not affecting food security of other members.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “India comes under fire at WTO for avoiding questions on MSP subsidy”, The Hindu]

Q. What is the purpose of the Bali 'peace clause' when invoked by developing countries like India at the WTO?

Directions: Study the following information carefully answer the question given beside.

India has come under fire at the World Trade Organisation (WTO) for avoiding questions raised by members on its MSP programmes for food grain, particularly rice, where subsidies have breached prescribed limits. Some countries have alleged that India did not give sufficient replies to concerns raised by them during consultations.

Members such as the U.S., Australia, Canada, the EU, and Thailand, said at a WTO agriculture committee meeting on Monday, that India must reply to questions asked on its public stockholding (PSH) programmes at the committee, according to sources. “India, however, stuck to its guns and insisted that it provided the best possible information and clarifications at the consultations held with interested members based on available information.

India’s MSP programmes are under scrutiny at the WTO, as it is the first country to invoke the Bali ‘peace clause’ to justify exceeding its 10% ceiling (of the total value of rice production) for rice support in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. While the ‘peace clause’ allows developing countries to breach the 10% ceiling without invoking legal action by members, it is subject to onerous notification requirements and numerous conditions such as not distorting global trade and not affecting food security of other members.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “India comes under fire at WTO for avoiding questions on MSP subsidy”, The Hindu]

Q. What is the primary concern raised by some WTO members regarding India's MSP programs for food grain, especially rice?

Directions: Study the following information carefully answer the question given beside.

India has come under fire at the World Trade Organisation (WTO) for avoiding questions raised by members on its MSP programmes for food grain, particularly rice, where subsidies have breached prescribed limits. Some countries have alleged that India did not give sufficient replies to concerns raised by them during consultations.

Members such as the U.S., Australia, Canada, the EU, and Thailand, said at a WTO agriculture committee meeting on Monday, that India must reply to questions asked on its public stockholding (PSH) programmes at the committee, according to sources. “India, however, stuck to its guns and insisted that it provided the best possible information and clarifications at the consultations held with interested members based on available information.

India’s MSP programmes are under scrutiny at the WTO, as it is the first country to invoke the Bali ‘peace clause’ to justify exceeding its 10% ceiling (of the total value of rice production) for rice support in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. While the ‘peace clause’ allows developing countries to breach the 10% ceiling without invoking legal action by members, it is subject to onerous notification requirements and numerous conditions such as not distorting global trade and not affecting food security of other members.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “India comes under fire at WTO for avoiding questions on MSP subsidy”, The Hindu]

Q. What is the full form of 'MSP'?

Directions: Study the following information carefully answer the question given beside.

India has come under fire at the World Trade Organisation (WTO) for avoiding questions raised by members on its MSP programmes for food grain, particularly rice, where subsidies have breached prescribed limits. Some countries have alleged that India did not give sufficient replies to concerns raised by them during consultations.

Members such as the U.S., Australia, Canada, the EU, and Thailand, said at a WTO agriculture committee meeting on Monday, that India must reply to questions asked on its public stockholding (PSH) programmes at the committee, according to sources. “India, however, stuck to its guns and insisted that it provided the best possible information and clarifications at the consultations held with interested members based on available information.

India’s MSP programmes are under scrutiny at the WTO, as it is the first country to invoke the Bali ‘peace clause’ to justify exceeding its 10% ceiling (of the total value of rice production) for rice support in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. While the ‘peace clause’ allows developing countries to breach the 10% ceiling without invoking legal action by members, it is subject to onerous notification requirements and numerous conditions such as not distorting global trade and not affecting food security of other members.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “India comes under fire at WTO for avoiding questions on MSP subsidy”, The Hindu]

Q. In the framework of the WTO Agreement On Agriculture (AoA), subsidies are classified into three categories: Green Box, Amber Box, and Blue Box. In which of these categories does the concept of 'Minimum Support Price' fall?

Directions: Study the following information carefully answer the question given beside.

India has come under fire at the World Trade Organisation (WTO) for avoiding questions raised by members on its MSP programmes for food grain, particularly rice, where subsidies have breached prescribed limits. Some countries have alleged that India did not give sufficient replies to concerns raised by them during consultations.

Members such as the U.S., Australia, Canada, the EU, and Thailand, said at a WTO agriculture committee meeting on Monday, that India must reply to questions asked on its public stockholding (PSH) programmes at the committee, according to sources. “India, however, stuck to its guns and insisted that it provided the best possible information and clarifications at the consultations held with interested members based on available information.

India’s MSP programmes are under scrutiny at the WTO, as it is the first country to invoke the Bali ‘peace clause’ to justify exceeding its 10% ceiling (of the total value of rice production) for rice support in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. While the ‘peace clause’ allows developing countries to breach the 10% ceiling without invoking legal action by members, it is subject to onerous notification requirements and numerous conditions such as not distorting global trade and not affecting food security of other members.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “India comes under fire at WTO for avoiding questions on MSP subsidy”, The Hindu]

Q. In the 2022 Global Food Security Index, what is India's position?