Test: Class 7 Polity NCERT Based-2 (UPSC Level) - UPSC MCQ

The media plays a crucial role in setting political agendas by deciding which stories to focus on, ultimately influencing and shaping public thoughts and discussions. By highlighting specific issues, the media can steer public attention towards particular topics, impacting societal perceptions and priorities.

Statement-I highlights the significant role of media in influencing public opinion and deciding which stories to prioritize, ultimately shaping agendas and thoughts. This aligns with the fact that media sets the agenda and influences public discourse.
Statement-II correctly points out that media's independence is often compromised due to government control through censorship and influence from large corporations. This control affects the impartiality and freedom of the media in presenting unbiased information.
Therefore, both statements are accurate, and Statement-II logically explains how media's compromised independence impacts its role in shaping public opinion and agendas.

The primary purpose of advertising is to build brands and create brand value. By stamping products with specific names or signs and associating them with brand values through visuals and images, companies aim to differentiate their products in the market and create a distinct impression in the minds of consumers. This branding process is essential for standing out in a competitive market environment and convincing customers that their products are superior to others.

Let's examine each statement:

1. Statement 1 is correct. Advertising is indeed a primary tool for branding. It involves stamping a product with a specific name or sign, which helps differentiate it from other products in the market. This is a fundamental role of advertising as it helps build a distinct identity for products.

2. Statement 2 is also correct. Advertisements frequently target personal emotions to influence consumer behavior. By linking products to emotions, advertisements create a perceived need, encouraging consumers to purchase branded items. The emotional appeal is a powerful strategy used in marketing to connect with consumers on a personal level.

3. Statement 3 is incorrect. Small manufacturers generally do not have an advantage in advertising due to the high costs associated with traditional advertising methods. They often face challenges in competing with larger companies that can afford extensive advertising campaigns. Instead, small manufacturers might rely on local markets and word-of-mouth to promote their products, rather than costly advertisements.

Thus, the correct answer is Option B: 1 and 2 Only. Statements 1 and 2 accurately describe the role and impact of advertisements, while Statement 3 incorrectly suggests that small manufacturers have an advertising advantage, which they typically do not due to cost constraints.

1. Branding: Stamping a product with a particular name or sign - Correct. Branding involves giving a product a specific name or symbol to distinguish it from others in the market.

2. Consumer: A company that manufactures products for sale - Incorrect. A consumer is the individual for whom the goods or products are made and who purchases and uses them, not the manufacturer.

3. Advertisement: Visual and verbal representation to market a product - Correct. Advertisements use visuals and words to promote products to the masses.

4. Social Advertisement: Advertisements made by private agencies for profit - Incorrect. Social advertisements are created by the state or private agencies to convey a larger social message, often not for profit but for societal benefit.

Thus, pairs 1 and 3 are correctly matched, making Option B the correct answer.

Statement-I correctly highlights how advertising can create confusion among consumers when similar products are marketed under different brand names. This confusion arises due to the plethora of choices available in the market, making it challenging for consumers to decide which product to purchase. Statement-II complements this by explaining that advertisements indeed aim to differentiate products by claiming special values for each brand. This differentiation is achieved through various marketing strategies that emphasize the unique selling points of a product, thus justifying why both statements are correct and how Statement-II explains the phenomenon described in Statement-I.

The primary function of a market is to establish a connection between producers and consumers. Markets serve as the platform where goods are exchanged between those who produce them and those who need them. This interaction facilitates the flow of goods and services in an economy, ensuring that both producers and consumers benefit from the exchange.

1. Statement 1 is correct. Weekly markets are characterized by temporary stalls set up by traders for the day. These markets typically offer goods at lower prices due to reduced overhead costs and competition among vendors, which is a common feature of weekly markets.

2. Statement 2 is incorrect. Shopping complexes and malls predominantly cater to an urban clientele and often emphasize branded products, which tend to be more expensive. While they do offer both branded and non-branded goods, they are generally perceived as targeting consumers who can afford higher-end products, rather than all sections of customers.

3. Statement 3 is correct. A chain of market describes the flow of goods from the manufacturer to the wholesaler, then to the retailer, and finally to the consumer. This concept highlights the linkages in the distribution process, illustrating how products move through different stages before reaching the end consumer.

Thus, the correct statements are 1 and 3, which aligns with Option C: 1 and 3 Only.

1. Weekly Market - Held on a specific day of the week: This pair is correctly matched. Weekly markets are indeed held on a specific day of the week where traders set up temporary shops.

2. Mall - Found in rural areas: This pair is incorrectly matched. Malls are typically found in urban areas, not rural areas. They are large, multi-storied, air-conditioned buildings with various shops.

3. Chain of Market - Series of markets connected due to goods passing through: This pair is correctly matched. A chain of markets refers to the interconnected nature of markets where goods move from producers to wholesalers to retailers.

4. Wholesaler - Sells directly to the consumer: This pair is incorrectly matched. Wholesalers do not sell directly to consumers; they buy in bulk from producers and sell to retailers, who then sell to consumers.

Thus, pairs 1 and 3 are correctly matched.

Statement-I correctly describes the features of a weekly market, highlighting its temporary nature, affordability, and convenience in offering a variety of goods in one place. Statement-II accurately portrays the characteristics of malls, emphasizing their upscale nature, presence in urban areas, and the availability of branded and non-branded goods. While both statements are factually correct in their respective contexts, they do not directly explain or relate to each other. Statement-I talks about weekly markets, while Statement-II discusses malls, making them independent statements about different types of markets.

Statement 1 is correct. The Tawa Matsya Sangh (TMS) was indeed formed to protect the rights of the forest dwellers who were displaced by the construction of the Tawa Dam in Madhya Pradesh. This organization aimed to reclaim the fishing rights for the local villagers who were initially deprived of them.

Statement 2 is incorrect. While the Indian Constitution ensures equality before the law and prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth, it does not explicitly provide for economic equality. Economic equality is an ideal that the Constitution aims to achieve through various provisions and policies, but it is not explicitly stated as a guaranteed right.

Statement 3 is correct. The government initially granted fishing rights in the Tawa reservoir to private contractors. This led to the exploitation of local villagers, which spurred the formation of TMS to fight for their rights and eventually secure fishing rights for the villagers.

Thus, the correct answer is Option C: 1 and 3 Only.

Statement-I correctly identifies that struggles for equality in India stem from issues such as poverty and discrimination, which have led to significant societal inequalities. This aligns with the broader theme of the struggles for equality described in the provided content.
Statement-II accurately describes the Tawa Matsya Sangh (TMS) as an organization that advocated for the rights of forest dwellers who were displaced due to the construction of the Tawa Dam. This statement illustrates a specific example of how economic disparities impacted marginalized communities, reinforcing the theme of inequality and the fight for justice.
Therefore, both statements are factually correct, and Statement-II further elucidates how economic factors contribute to the struggles for equality in the context of the Tawa Matsya Sangh's activism. Thus, the correct answer is (a).