Test: Iranian Civilization - UPSC MCQ

The Iranian civilization predominantly corresponds to modern-day Iran, which was historically known as Persia.

Zoroastrianism, one of the world's oldest religions, originated in ancient Iran and was founded by the prophet Zoroaster.

The ancient Iranians made significant contributions to the development of the alphabet, which later influenced various writing systems.

The Achaemenid Dynasty, under rulers like Cyrus the Great and Darius I, expanded the Iranian civilization to its greatest extent.

Darius I was the Achaemenid ruler who initiated the construction of Persepolis, which became a symbol of the empire's grandeur.

Alexander the Great invaded Persia in 334 BCE and defeated the Achaemenid forces, ending their rule over the region.

Zoroastrianism teaches about the cosmic struggle between Ahura Mazda (the god of light) and Angra Mainyu (the spirit of darkness).

Zend Avesta is the sacred scripture of Zoroastrianism, attributed to Zoroaster, containing hymns, prayers, and religious texts.

The Parthians were skilled horse archers, which became a hallmark of their military prowess.

The Sassanian Empire made significant contributions to the field of astronomy and recorded celestial observations.

The Silk Road was a network of trade routes that connected the East and West, and it passed through the Iranian region.

The ancient Iranian civilization had a theocratic system, where kings were seen as divinely appointed rulers.

Cyrus the Great's Cylinder, also known as the Cyrus Cylinder, is an ancient declaration promoting religious freedom and multiculturalism.

The Tigris River, along with the Euphrates River, played a crucial role in the development of the ancient Iranian civilization.

The ancient Iranian structures at Persepolis and Pasargadae showcase distinctive Persian architectural style.

The ancient Iranians had significant interactions with the Greeks, influencing each other's culture and civilization.

The modern city of Shiraz in Iran is built on the site of the ancient city of Persepolis.

Persian miniature painting is a form of illuminated manuscripts with intricate details and fine craftsmanship.

Mithraism was a mystery religion that focused on the worship of the sun god Mithra.

The Sassanian Empire and the ancient Iranian civilization faced a significant decline due to the Arab invasions in the 7th century CE.