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Test: People as Resource- 1 - UPSC MCQ


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20 Questions MCQ Test Indian Economy for UPSC CSE - Test: People as Resource- 1

Test: People as Resource- 1 for UPSC 2024 is part of Indian Economy for UPSC CSE preparation. The Test: People as Resource- 1 questions and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus.The Test: People as Resource- 1 MCQs are made for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: People as Resource- 1 below.
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Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 1

Choose the correctly matched pair.

Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 1

Option A: Primary Sector - Manufacturing
Incorrect: The primary sector includes activities related to natural resources such as agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining. Manufacturing is part of the secondary sector, which involves processing raw materials into finished goods.

Option B: Secondary Sector - Fishing
Incorrect: The secondary sector comprises industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construction. Fishing, being an extraction of natural resources, is part of the primary sector.

Option C: Tertiary Sector - Communication
Correct: The tertiary sector involves the provision of services rather than goods. Communication services (such as telecommunications) are a part of this sector.

Option D: Primary Sector - Banking
Incorrect: Banking falls under the tertiary sector, which provides services such as trade, transport, communication, and banking. The primary sector deals with natural resource extraction and agriculture.

By analyzing the sectors and their corresponding activities, it's clear that the correctly matched pair is "Tertiary Sector - Communication."

Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 2

Assertion (A): Human capital is considered superior to other resources like land and physical capital.

Reason (R): Human resource can make use of land and capital, while land and capital cannot become useful on their own.

Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 2
  • Assertion (A): Human capital is considered superior to other resources like land and physical capital. This assertion is accurate because human capital can enhance the productivity of land and physical capital through its skills and knowledge.

  • Reason (R): Human resource can make use of land and capital, while land and capital cannot become useful on their own. This reason correctly explains why human capital is considered superior. Without human capital to operate or utilize land and capital, these resources remain unproductive.

  • Explanation: The reason effectively explains why human capital is viewed as superior—it is the human resource that can make land and capital productive. Thus, both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason accurately explains the assertion. Therefore, Option A is the correct choice.

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Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 3

What is the primary goal of the Sarva Siksha Abhiyan initiative in India?

Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 3
  • The Sarva Siksha Abhiyan initiative primarily aims at providing elementary education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years.
  • This program is a time-bound effort led by the Central government in collaboration with states, local governments, and communities to achieve universalization of elementary education, emphasizing the importance of foundational learning for all young learners.
Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 4
What is the primary focus of viewing a population as a 'human resource'?
Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 4
Viewing a population as a 'human resource' focuses on its potential to contribute to the Gross National Product (GNP). This perspective emphasizes how investing in education, health, and training can transform people into valuable assets for economic growth, rather than just seeing them as a burden or a problem.
Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 5

Human capital formation involves various aspects of a country's development, including education, health, and economic productivity. Consider the following statements:

(i) It refers to the development of a country's human resources through education and health.
(ii) It leads to higher productivity and income due to improved training and health.
(iii) It involves only investment in physical capital like machinery and infrastructure.
(iv) It contributes to the growth of the economy by enhancing the productive capacity of the country.

 

Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 5

The correct answer is C: (i), (ii), and (iv), as statements (i), (ii), and (iv) accurately describe aspects of human capital formation, while statement (iii) is incorrect.

Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 6

What type of unemployment is typically observed among individuals engaged in agricultural activities?

Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 6

Agricultural activities in India are season-specific. Therefore, there are huge demands for workers only in specific seasons. This leads to seasonal unemployment in rural areas. Moreover, due to the lack of alternative employment opportunities, more and more people get involved in agriculture. In reality, however, they do not contribute anything to the output. This common type of unemployment is known as disguised employment.

Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 7
What is the primary difference between market and non-market activities?
Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 7
The primary difference is that market activities are performed for pay or profit, such as producing goods or services that are sold, while non-market activities are conducted for self-consumption, like home-based tasks. Market activities contribute to national income, while non-market activities do not directly impact it.
Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 8

Each individual's growth presents a ______ range of problems and requirements.

Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 8

Each individual's growth presents a different range of problems and requirements, indicating the diverse and specific nature of challenges and needs faced by each person.

Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 9
How did the Green Revolution impact land resources in India?
Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 9
The Green Revolution increased land productivity in India by introducing improved production technologies. This innovation in agriculture, such as high-yielding varieties of seeds and advanced farming techniques, significantly boosted the productivity of land resources.
Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 10

What is a major determinant of earning in the market?

Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 10

Education and skill are major determinants of earning in the market. Individuals with higher education and skill levels tend to earn more due to better access to economic opportunities and higher demand for their expertise.

Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 11

Assertion (A): The number of medical colleges in India is insufficient compared to the population's healthcare needs.

Reason (R): Limited availability of medical colleges leads to a shortage of healthcare professionals in various regions.

Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 11
  • Assertion (A): The number of medical colleges in India is insufficient compared to the population's healthcare needs. This assertion is correct because India has a large and growing population with significant healthcare needs that are not fully met due to the limited number of medical colleges.

  • Reason (R): Limited availability of medical colleges leads to a shortage of healthcare professionals in various regions. This reason supports the assertion well. Fewer medical colleges result in fewer medical graduates, which directly contributes to the shortage of healthcare professionals, affecting the ability to meet the healthcare needs of the population.

  • Explanation: The reason accurately explains why the number of medical colleges being insufficient leads to a shortage of healthcare professionals. Thus, both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Therefore, Option A is the correct answer.

Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 12

What is the primary goal of the National Education Policy, 1986?

Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 12
  • The National Education Policy, 1986, primarily aims to cherish, nurture, and develop individuals as precious national resources that need to be cared for and developed with tenderness and dynamism.
  • This policy emphasizes the positive asset of each human being and stresses the importance of education in facilitating individual growth with sensitivity.
Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 13

Health is an indispensable basis for realizing one's _____.

Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 13

Health is an indispensable basis for realizing one's well-being. Maintaining good health allows individuals to achieve a sense of overall wellness and quality of life.

Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 14

Human Capital Formation:
(i) Involves investment in education, training, and medical care.
(ii) Is synonymous with physical capital formation.
(iii) Contributes to the productive power of a country.
(iv) Yields higher incomes due to increased productivity.

Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 14
  • Human Capital Formation involves investment in education, training, and medical care
  • This investment contributes significantly to the productive power of a country
  • As a result, higher incomes are earned because of the increased productivity of more educated, better-trained, and healthier individuals
  • However, it is not synonymous with physical capital formation, which involves investment in physical assets like machinery and buildings
  • Thus, statements (i), (iii), and (iv) are correct
Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 15

Assertion (A): Human capital plays a significant role in economic development.

Reason (R): Investment in education and training enhances the productivity of individuals.

Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 15

- Explanation - The assertion that human capital is crucial for economic development is true as skilled and educated individuals contribute significantly to a nation's growth.

The reason that investment in education and training boosts productivity is also accurate.

However, while the reason supports the assertion, it does not fully explain the causal relationship between human capital and economic development, making Option B the correct choice.

Option B is correct because both statements are true, but the reason is not a direct explanation of the assertion.

Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 16
What is the primary cause of educated unemployment in urban areas?
Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 16
Educated unemployment primarily arises when there is a mismatch between the qualifications of job seekers and the available job opportunities. Many graduates and post-graduates find themselves unemployed because the job market does not have sufficient positions that match their educational levels, leading to a paradox where there is surplus labor in some fields while other areas face shortages.
Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 17

Choose the correctly matched pair.

Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 17
  • Option A: Literacy Rate in Kerala (2011) - 94% is correctly matched. As per the provided information, the literacy rate in Kerala was 94% according to the 2011 Census.
  • Option B: Expenditure on Education as a Percentage of GDP (2020-21) - 3.8% is incorrect. The correct figure is 2.8% as mentioned in the source material.
  • Option C: Literacy among males is nearly 14.4% higher than females and it is about 14.2% higher in urban areas as compared to rural areas.so (c) option is incorrect
  • Option D: Gross Enrolment Ratio in Higher Education (2019-20) - 25% is not incorrect, but Option A is the exact match. Option A is more precisely aligned with the given data.Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Higher education in India is 27.1, which is calculated for 18-23 years of age group.
Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 18

Choose the correctly matched pair.

Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 18

Option A: Investment in human capital - No return on investment
This statement is incorrect. Investment in human capital (through education, training, medical care) yields a return just like investment in physical capital. This return can be seen in the form of higher incomes earned due to higher productivity of the more educated or better-trained individuals, as well as the higher productivity of healthier people.

Option B: India's Green Revolution - Increased productivity of land resources
This statement is correct. India's Green Revolution is a dramatic example of how the input of greater knowledge in the form of improved production technologies can rapidly increase the productivity of scarce land resources.

Option C: Human capital formation - Physical capital formation
This statement is partially correct but misleading. Human capital formation refers to the process of increasing the productive capacities of people through education and health improvements, while physical capital formation refers to the accumulation of physical assets like machinery and buildings. While both are forms of capital formation, they are not the same.

Option D: Human resource - Non-productive skills
This statement is incorrect. Human resources refer to the working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities, emphasizing their ability to contribute to the creation of the Gross National Product. It is the positive side of a large population, often overlooked when considering only the problems of providing food, education, and health facilities.

Based on the analysis, the correctly matched pair is: Option B: India's Green Revolution - Increased productivity of land resources

Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 19
What is a significant advantage of investing in human capital compared to investing in physical capital?
Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 19
A significant advantage of investing in human capital is that it can make use of land and physical capital, whereas physical capital alone cannot operate without human input. This means that human capital enhances the effectiveness of other resources, leading to greater overall productivity and economic growth.
Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 20
Which of the following accurately reflects the benefits of investing in human capital?
Detailed Solution for Test: People as Resource- 1 - Question 20
Investing in human capital, which includes education, training, and medical care, leads to increased productivity and higher incomes for individuals. This, in turn, contributes positively to the overall economic growth of a country. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the benefits of human capital formation or confuse it with physical capital investment.
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