Test: Respiration - 2 - UPSC

Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algaeand plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρoς, chloros  Chlorophyll is essential in photosynthesis, allowing plants to absorb energy from light.

The oxygen carried by the erythrocytes can diffuse into the plasma and then through the capillary walls to reach the cells, whereas some of the carbon dioxide produced by the cells as a waste product diffuses into the capillaries to be picked up by the erythrocytes.

The epiglottis is a flexible flap at the superior end of the larynx in the throat. It acts as a switch between the larynx and the esophagus to permit air to enter the airway to the lungs and food to pass into the gastrointestinal tract. The epiglottis also protects the body from choking on food that would normally obstruct the airway.

Pleura is a serous membrane covering lungs and lining thoracic cavity.

The medulla oblongata is the primary respiratorycontrol center. Its main function is to send signals to the muscles that control respiration to cause breathing to occur.

Every few seconds, with each inhalation, air fills a large portion of the millions of alveoli. In a process called diffusion, oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood through the capillaries (tiny blood vessels) lining the alveolar walls.

Stomata are the tiny pores present in the epidermal surface of leaves. The poresare guarded by two kidney-shaped cells known as guard cells.

It is all because of pressure gradient the partial pressure of CO₂  is much higher than O₂ (comparably) .

1. This is  T.S. of book lung of an arachnid (Scorpion).
 

2. The book lungs are respiratory organs and are always in pair.

3. Each book lung is comprised of numerous (100-130) leaflets arranged like leaves of the book.

4. Each leaflet is divided into compartments – the blood spaces through partitions of blood vessels.

5. The leaflets are separated from each other through air spaces.

Carbon monoxide binds very strongly to the iron atoms in hemoglobin, the principal oxygen-carrying compound in blood. The affinity between CO and hemoglobin is 200 times stronger than the affinity between hemoglobin and oxygen. When CO binds to the hemoglobin it cannot be released nearly as readily as oxygen would be. The preferential binding of carbon monoxide to heme iron is the main reason for carbon monoxide poisoning.