Daily Current Affairs MCQ: 15th July 2025 - UPSC MCQ

The research at the Raman Research Institute suggests that quantum noise, traditionally seen as detrimental, can actually facilitate a special connection between particles known as entanglement in certain situations. This finding challenges the conventional belief that noise always disrupts entanglement, highlighting its potential to generate or restore entanglement in specific contexts.

- Statement 1 is correct. Weak consumer demand is indeed a significant factor contributing to low corporate investment levels in India. Even with improved corporate profits, the lack of sufficient demand discourages investment. This is supported by economic observations, such as the limited growth in private sector investment despite significant tax cuts.

- Statement 2 is incorrect. Excess industrial capacity has actually led to a reluctance in investing in new production facilities, not an increase. Many industries are operating below optimal capacity, and with underutilized factories, firms have little incentive to expand. This situation is exacerbated by the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

- Statement 3 is incorrect. The economic theories of Rosa Luxemburg and Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky do not support the belief that higher profits directly lead to more investment. In fact, Luxemburg emphasized that investment decisions are based on anticipated demand, while Tugan-Baranovsky suggested that investment could generate its own market. Michał Kalecki, another economist, posited that investment often drives profits, rather than the other way around.

Thus, only statement 1 is correct, making Option A the correct answer.

Statement-I correctly highlights the traditional view of quantum noise being detrimental to quantum entanglement. Statement-II explains how under amplitude damping, intraparticle entanglement can exhibit unique behavior such as delayed decay and even revival from unentangled states, contrasting with the steady decay of interparticle entanglement. This explanation clarifies how quantum noise can have varying effects on different types of entanglement, supporting the idea that quantum noise can actually facilitate a special connection between particles in certain contexts.

The main aim of the ADEETIE Scheme is to promote energy efficiency in industries and establishments, particularly focusing on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). By encouraging the adoption of energy-efficient technologies, the scheme targets reducing energy consumption, emissions, and enhancing the competitiveness of MSMEs. This initiative aligns with India's climate objectives and aims to contribute to the nation's broader sustainability goals.

1. Quantum Noise is described as random disturbances impacting quantum systems. Traditionally, it is seen as detrimental to quantum entanglement, but the recent research shows it can sometimes facilitate or restore entanglement. The statement suggests that it always hinders entanglement, which is incorrect as per the new findings. Therefore, this pair is incorrectly matched.

2. Amplitude Damping involves the loss of energy, not phase information. The statement provided for amplitude damping is incorrect. Therefore, this pair is incorrectly matched.

3. Entanglement is indeed a phenomenon where the state of one particle instantaneously influences the state of another, regardless of the distance. This definition is accurate. Therefore, this pair is correctly matched.

4. Depolarizing Noise is characterized by random alterations in quantum states, as stated. This is correctly matched according to the information provided.

Thus, pairs 3 and 4 are correctly matched. Therefore, there are only two pairs that are correctly matched. The correct answer is Option B: Only two pairs.

Statement-I correctly outlines the purpose of the Great Trigonometric Survey (GTS), emphasizing its focus on mapping India with exceptional precision using trigonometry and geodesy for scientific and administrative purposes. This statement aligns with historical records and the objectives of the GTS.
However, Statement-II is inaccurate. Indian assistants in the GTS played a significant and crucial role rather than a minor one. They were instrumental in the success of the survey, contributing through various skilled and manual tasks such as repairing instruments, conducting vital calculations, performing logistical support, and even conducting secret surveys in sensitive regions where British officers couldn't access. Their contributions were essential to the completion and accuracy of the survey, showcasing the collaborative efforts between British officials and Indian assistants during the GTS.

Both Statement-I and Statement-II are accurate in the context of the information provided in the text. Statement-I highlights the impact of weak consumer demand on corporate investment, while Statement-II explains how excess industrial capacity hampers firms from expanding production. The interrelation between these factors is crucial in understanding the dynamics of corporate investment in India. Weak consumer demand affects investment decisions, while excess industrial capacity acts as a deterrent for firms to increase production due to underutilization of existing facilities. Thus, Statement-II provides a complementary explanation to Statement-I, making option (a) the correct choice.

1. Economic Synergies: Correctly matched. There has been a significant increase in EU investments in India, with a notable rise of 70% from 2015 to 2022, highlighting the economic synergies between the regions.

2. Digital Collaboration: Correctly matched. India's expertise in digital innovation indeed complements Europe’s capabilities in deep tech and manufacturing, showcasing a mutually beneficial collaboration.

3. Defense and Security: Correctly matched. Both India and Europe are focusing on co-development and technology transfer in defense, addressing shared security challenges like terrorism and maritime security.

4. Cultural Exchange: Incorrectly matched. The cultural exchange aspect emphasizes fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of each other’s aspirations and challenges, not primarily focusing on promoting European cultural policies in India.

Thus, three pairs are correctly matched, aligning with Option C: Only three pairs.

The sluggish corporate investment in India, despite improved corporate profits, is primarily attributed to weak consumer demand. Even after significant corporate tax cuts, private sector investments in machinery and intellectual property have not seen substantial growth, reflecting the impact of insufficient consumer demand on investment decisions.

1. Statement 1 is correct. The Gini Index is indeed a measure that indicates the distribution of income, wealth, or consumption within a society. A Gini Index of 0 represents perfect equality, while a Gini Index of 100 indicates absolute inequality. Therefore, a higher Gini Index signifies greater inequality.

2. Statement 2 is incorrect. The World Inequality Database (WID) has been criticized for using synthetic data, which some critics argue lack credibility compared to official survey data. Therefore, it is not universally accepted as the most credible source for income inequality data in India.

3. Statement 3 is correct. The absence of official income surveys in India is a critical issue that limits the validity and reliability of global inequality assessments. Without official data, any comparisons or analyses are based on questionable sources, which affects the credibility of claims about India's inequality status.

Thus, the correct statements are 1 and 3, which makes Option C the correct answer.