Daily Current Affairs MCQ: 1st April 2025 - UPSC MCQ

1. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) - Also known as Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): This pair is correctly matched. NAFLD is indeed referred to as Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

2. Masaki Kashiwara - Awarded the Abel Prize for his contributions to number theory: This pair is incorrectly matched. Masaki Kashiwara was awarded the Abel Prize for his contributions to algebraic analysis, representation theory, and sheaf theory, not number theory.

3. CO₂ Lasers - First developed by Indian-American scientist C.K.N. Patel: This pair is correctly matched. C.K.N. Patel is credited with the development of the first CO₂ laser.

4. Abel Prize - Includes a monetary award and a glass plaque by artist Henrik Haugan: This pair is correctly matched. The Abel Prize includes a monetary award and a glass plaque by artist Henrik Haugan.

Thus, three pairs are correctly matched.

The comprehensive campaign being launched in Ranchi aims at screening and managing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This initiative is crucial as NAFLD, now referred to as Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), can lead to severe liver complications if not managed effectively. Early detection and management of NAFLD can significantly improve public health outcomes by preventing the progression of the disease to more severe stages.

1. Statement 1 is incorrect. Polar orbits are characterized by a trajectory that deviates no more than 10 degrees from the North-South axis, not the East-West axis. This allows satellites to pass over the poles and enables comprehensive Earth coverage.

2. Statement 2 is correct. The Fram2 mission is noted for being the first human spaceflight utilizing a polar orbit, making it a historic achievement in space exploration.

3. Statement 3 is correct. Polar orbits are indeed designed to enable satellites to cover the entire Earth's surface as the planet rotates beneath them. This makes them especially valuable for applications such as Earth observation, climate monitoring, and reconnaissance missions.

Thus, the correct answer is Option C: 2 and 3 Only.

Both statements are correct. Statement-I establishes the purpose and significance of the Abel Prize, likening it to the Nobel Prize in mathematics and highlighting its role in honoring mathematicians for their groundbreaking work. Statement-II provides specific details about Masaki Kashiwara's contributions, showcasing his significant advancements in algebraic analysis and representation theory through the development of D-modules and the discovery of crystal bases. Statement-II further explains how Masaki Kashiwara's work aligns with the criteria for receiving the Abel Prize, thereby complementing and elaborating on Statement-I.

1. Tribhuvandas Patel : Founder of Amul

- Correct. Tribhuvandas Patel played a pivotal role in founding the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union, which is famously associated with Amul. He is recognized as a key figure in the cooperative movement in India.

2. NITI NCAER States Economic Forum : Initiative by NITI Aayog and NCAER

- Correct. The NITI NCAER States Economic Forum is indeed a collaborative initiative by NITI Aayog and the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER).

3. NEP 2020 : Focuses on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy by Class 2

- Correct. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes the importance of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy, aiming for every child to acquire these skills by Class 2.

4. Exercise Tiger Triumph : Conducted between India and China

- Incorrect. Exercise Tiger Triumph is a tri-service exercise conducted between India and the United States, focusing on Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations.

Pairs 1, 2, and 3 are correctly matched, while pair 4 is incorrectly matched. Hence, only three pairs are correctly matched.

Statement-I correctly highlights the association of farm mechanization with tractors in India and their higher power output compared to bullocks. Statement-II accurately points out that while the market for farm machinery like rotavators is growing, it is not yet as expansive as tractor sales. Both statements are individually correct, but Statement-II does not provide a direct explanation for Statement-I, making option (b) the most suitable choice.

Polar orbits play a crucial role in satellite technology by enabling satellites to cover the entire Earth's surface over time as the planet rotates below. This feature makes them essential for Earth observation, climate monitoring, and reconnaissance missions. Satellites in polar orbits provide global coverage and are particularly useful for monitoring changes on the Earth's surface over time.

1. Statement 1 is incorrect. NAFLD, now referred to as Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is specifically characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver that is not linked to heavy alcohol consumption. This differentiates it from alcoholic liver disease, which is directly related to alcohol intake.

2. Statement 2 is correct. The primary recommendation for managing NAFLD involves lifestyle changes, specifically weight loss. Weight loss can significantly reduce liver fat, inflammation, and fibrosis, which are critical in preventing the progression of NAFLD to more severe liver diseases like cirrhosis or liver cancer.

3. Statement 3 is correct. NAFLD is particularly prevalent among individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes. These conditions are significant risk factors for the development of NAFLD, affecting individuals across all age groups, including children.

Therefore, only statements 2 and 3 are correct, making Option D the right answer.

Tribhuvandas Patel is recognized as the father of the cooperative movement in India. He played a pivotal role in founding the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union in 1946, which later became the foundation of Amul. Patel's inclusive approach to cooperatives, influenced by Mahatma Gandhi, emphasized the empowerment of local milk producers, irrespective of their caste or community background.

Both statements are correct. Statement-II establishes the context by indicating the recent passing of a bill to establish a university named after Tribhuvandas Patel, while Statement-I provides details about Patel's significant contributions to the cooperative movement in India, including the founding of the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union. The establishment of a university in his honor underscores his pivotal role, thereby explaining the significance of his leadership in the cooperative movement. Thus, both statements are accurate, with Statement-II providing a contextual basis for Statement-I.