Daily Current Affairs MCQs: 5th January 2025 - UPSC MCQ

Statement-I correctly describes Narahari Tirtha's background and contributions to Dvaita philosophy, while Statement-II accurately portrays Rani Velu Nachiyar's historical significance and her role in resisting British colonial rule. However, the two statements are unrelated and do not explain each other. Therefore, the correct answer is option (b).

- Statement 1 is correct. Nanopore technology sequences DNA and RNA by detecting changes in electrical conductivity as these molecules pass through the nanopore. This method allows for the identification of individual molecules based on their unique electrical signatures.

- Statement 2 is incorrect. Contrary to this statement, nanopore technology is generally considered less expensive and requires fewer computational resources than traditional sequencing methods. This is one of the key advantages of nanopore sequencing, making it more accessible and efficient for various applications.

- Statement 3 is correct. Nanopore technology indeed allows for real-time analysis and is versatile in handling different sample sizes, from individual samples to large population studies. This capability enhances its utility in rapid and large-scale genomic analyses.

Therefore, the statements that are correct are 1 and 3, making Option C the right answer.

Statement-I correctly mentions that the Polavaram Project aims to develop a gross irrigation potential of 436,825 hectares, as per the information provided in the source. This aligns with the project's objective to address water scarcity and enhance agricultural productivity.
Statement-II is also accurate as the Polavaram Project is indeed expected to generate 960 MW of hydropower, as stated in the source material. This aspect of the project contributes to the energy needs of the area.
Therefore, both statements are correct, and Statement-II explains Statement-I, as the generation of hydropower is a crucial aspect of the project alongside its irrigation objectives.

1. Francisella tularensis - Bacterium causing Rabbit Fever: Correctly matched. Francisella tularensis is indeed the bacterium responsible for causing Rabbit Fever, also known as tularemia.

2. Polavaram Project - Located in Telangana: Incorrectly matched. The Polavaram Project is actually located in the West and East Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh, not in Telangana.

3. Rabbit Fever Transmission - Inhalation of contaminated aerosols: Correctly matched. Rabbit Fever can be transmitted through inhalation of contaminated aerosols, among other methods like tick bites and contact with infected animals.

4. Polavaram Project Hydropower Generation - 960 MW: Correctly matched. The Polavaram Project is expected to generate 960 MW of hydropower.

Thus, three pairs are correctly matched, making Option C the correct answer.

Narahari Tirtha, a renowned 13th-century saint and disciple of Madhvacharya, belonged to the Gajapati Empire in modern Odisha. His lineage traced back to aristocrats of this empire, where he played a crucial role in promoting Dvaita philosophy in eastern India, particularly in the Kalinga region. This historical connection underscores his significant influence in the region's spiritual and philosophical landscape.

The main cause of 'rabbit fever,' scientifically known as tularemia, is contact with infected animals like rabbits and rodents. This infectious disease is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, insect bites, contaminated water, or inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Being aware of these transmission methods is crucial for preventing the spread of tularemia among populations susceptible to the disease.

Statement 1 is correct. The Black-Collared Yellow Catfish is indeed endemic to the Chalakudy River in Kerala and is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List. This statement accurately captures the species' conservation status and geographical specificity.

Statement 2 is incorrect. While the National Bureau for Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR) has developed a successful captive breeding protocol for the Black-Collared Yellow Catfish, it is not specified as the first of its kind for any fish species in India. The statement makes an overly broad claim about the uniqueness of this breeding protocol, which is not supported by the provided information.

Statement 3 is correct. The species coexists with Horabagrus Nigricollaris, which is also endangered, in its natural habitat. This coexistence highlights the ecological interactions within the Chalakudy River ecosystem and underscores the importance of conservation efforts for both species.

Thus, the correct answer is Option C: 1 and 3 Only, as both these statements are accurate, while statement 2 is not supported by the given details.

The captive breeding protocol developed for the black-collared yellow catfish is crucial as it ensures the preservation of the fish's unique genetic traits. By successfully breeding this endangered species in captivity, researchers can help maintain the genetic diversity of the population, which is essential for the long-term survival and conservation of the species in its natural habitat.

Statement-I is incorrect because the Export Inspection Council (EIC) was not established under the Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act, 1963. Rather, the EIC was established by the Government of India under this Act to serve as the official export-certification body.
Statement-II is correct as it accurately reflects the news about the DPIIT deregistering a patent agent for alleged professional misconduct, emphasizing the importance of accountability among patent agents.

1. Export Inspection Council (EIC) - Established under the Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act, 1973: Incorrect. The Export Inspection Council was established under the Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act, 1963, not 1973.

2. EIC Headquarters - Ministry of Commerce and Industry: Correct. The Export Inspection Council is under the nodal ministry of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

3. Patent Act, 1970 - Based on the Ayyangar Committee Report: Correct. The Patent Act, 1970 was indeed based on the recommendations of the Ayyangar Committee Report.

4. National IPR Policy, 2016 - Aims to enhance patent protection in India: Incorrect. The National IPR Policy, 2016 aims to create awareness, foster innovation, and ensure efficient administration of IPRs, but the specific aim to enhance patent protection is not its sole focus.

Pairs 2 and 3 are correctly matched.