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Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - UPSC MCQ


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15 Questions MCQ Test Geography for UPSC CSE - Test: Landforms And Their Evolution

Test: Landforms And Their Evolution for UPSC 2024 is part of Geography for UPSC CSE preparation. The Test: Landforms And Their Evolution questions and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus.The Test: Landforms And Their Evolution MCQs are made for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution below.
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Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 1

What is a primary characteristic of cirques in glaciated mountains?

Detailed Solution for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 1

Cirques are defined as deep, long troughs or basins found at the heads of glacial valleys. They are characterized by steep, concave walls and often contain small lakes known as tarns, which form after the glacier melts. An interesting fact about cirques is that they can lead to the formation of multiple cirques in a stepped sequence, creating stunning visual landscapes in mountainous regions.

Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 2

Which of the following best describes incised or entrenched meanders?

Detailed Solution for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 2

Incised or entrenched meanders are formed as streams cut deeply into their valleys, often developing over original gentle surfaces. This process can lead to the formation of deep gorges and canyons, particularly in hard rock areas, as the streams experience significant vertical erosion. This contrasts with meanders in low-gradient streams, which typically develop through lateral erosion rather than vertical cutting. An interesting fact is that the presence of these entrenched meanders provides insights into the historical geological processes that shaped the landscape.

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Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 3

Assertion (A)- Valleys start as small and narrow rills; the rills will gradually develop into long and wide gullies; the gullies will further deepen, widen, and lengthen to give rise to valleys.
Reason (R)- In streams that flow rapidly over steep gradients, normally erosion is concentrated on the bottom of the stream channel

Detailed Solution for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 3
  • Assertion correctly describes the process of valley formation through the progression from small rills to wide valleys.
  • Reason is also accurately highlights the pattern of erosion in streams with steep gradients, emphasizing erosion concentration at the channel bottom. However, Reason does not directly explain the Assertion. 
Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 4

Consider the following pairs:

1. Youth Stage of Landform - Initial Stage of Development

2. Mature Stage of Landform - Peak of Erosional Activities

3. Old Stage of Landform - Formation of New Landforms

4. Running Water - Primary Agent in Arid Regions

Which pair/pairs is/are given above are correctly matched?

Detailed Solution for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 4

1. Youth Stage of Landform - Initial Stage of Development
This is correctly matched. In the youth stage, the landform is in its initial stage of development.

2. Mature Stage of Landform - Peak of Erosional Activities
This is correctly matched. In the mature stage, erosional activities are at their peak, and the landscape is more defined with valleys and hills.

3. Old Stage of Landform - Formation of New Landforms
This is incorrectly matched. The old stage is characterized by reduced erosion and more deposition leading to flatter terrains, not the formation of new landforms.

4. Running Water - Primary Agent in Arid Regions
This is incorrectly matched. Running water is a primary agent in regions with high humidity and heavy rainfall, not in arid regions where wind is more dominant.

Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 5

What is the primary focus of geomorphology?

Detailed Solution for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 5

Geomorphology is the scientific discipline dedicated to understanding landforms and the processes that create and modify them. It examines various agents of change, such as water, wind, ice, and tectonic activity. By studying these elements, geomorphologists can reveal how landscapes evolve, the factors influencing these changes, and the resulting erosional and depositional features. This knowledge is crucial for environmental management and predicting geological hazards.

Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 6

Statement i: Peneplain: A nearly level plain formed by prolonged erosion.

Statement ii: Gorge: A deep valley with steep sides, often formed by a river.

Statement iii: Plunge Pool: A deep hole at the base of a waterfall formed by the impact of water.

Statement iv: Canyon: A narrow valley with steep, step-like sides, wider at the top than at the bottom.

Which of the statements is/are true?

Detailed Solution for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 6
  • Statement i: Correct. A peneplain is a nearly level plain formed by prolonged erosion over a large area.
  • Statement ii: Correct. A gorge is a deep valley with steep sides, often formed by river erosion.
  • Statement iii: Correct. A plunge pool is a deep hole at the base of a waterfall formed by the impact of water.
  • Statement iv: Incorrect. A canyon is typically a deep, narrow valley with steep sides, but it is not typically described as having step-like sides.
Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 7

Which of the following is the primary geomorphic agent responsible for land surface degradation in regions with high humidity and heavy rainfall?

Detailed Solution for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 7

Explanation: In regions with high humidity and heavy rainfall, running water is the primary agent responsible for the erosion and shaping of land surfaces through processes like overland flow and stream erosion.

Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 8

What is the primary characteristic of alluvial fans formed by streams flowing from higher elevations?

Detailed Solution for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 8

Alluvial fans are primarily characterized as broad, cone-shaped deposits formed when streams carrying coarse materials break onto low-gradient plains. This type of landform occurs as the streams lose energy and deposit their load in a fan-like shape. In humid areas, these fans typically have gentle slopes, while they appear steeper in arid regions. An interesting fact about alluvial fans is that they can evolve over time as streams shift their courses, creating a complex network of distributary channels.

Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 9

What are drumlins primarily formed from?

Detailed Solution for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 9

Drumlins are primarily composed of glacial till, which is a mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders that have been deposited by glacial action. Their oval shape and alignment indicate the direction of glacial movement, as the ice pushes the till into streamlined ridges. An interesting fact about drumlins is that they can vary significantly in size and shape, which helps geologists understand past glacial activity and the dynamics of ice flow.

Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 10

Which coastal feature is formed as a ridge of sand and shingle lying approximately parallel to the coast and typically exposed during low tide?

Detailed Solution for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 10

A barrier bar is a ridge of sand and shingle that forms parallel to the coastline, typically becoming exposed during low tide. These formations often occur at river mouths or bay entrances, acting as natural barriers that can protect coastal areas from wave action. They play a crucial role in coastal dynamics, as they help to create lagoons and can significantly influence sediment deposition patterns. Interestingly, barrier bars also serve as vital buffers against storm surges, absorbing much of the wave energy during extreme weather events.

Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 11

What is the primary geomorphic agent responsible for land surface degradation in areas with high humidity and heavy rainfall?

Detailed Solution for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 11

Running water is identified as the primary geomorphic agent in regions characterized by high humidity and heavy rainfall. This process occurs through two main types of water flow: overland flow, which spreads across the surface, and linear flow, which occurs in streams and rivers. The continuous movement of water facilitates erosion and deposition, shaping the landscape over time. Interestingly, the rate of erosion and deposition can significantly alter the topography, leading to features like flat plains, valleys, and various landforms.

Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 12

Assertion (A): River terraces are surfaces marking old valley floor or floodplain levels and are products of erosion due to vertical erosion by the stream into its own depositional floodplain.

Reason (R): Alluvial fans are formed when streams flowing from higher levels break into foot slope plains of low gradient and deposit coarse load as broad low to high cone-shaped deposits.

Detailed Solution for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 12
  • Assertion is correctly defines river terraces as surfaces indicating old valley floor or floodplain levels.
  • This results from erosion caused by vertical erosion by the stream into its own depositional floodplain. This aligns with the information provided in the text about river terraces.
  • Reason describes alluvial fans as deposits formed when streams carrying coarse load break into low-gradient foot slope plains. .
Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 13

Consider the following statements:

1. Stalactites are icicle-shaped formations that hang from the ceilings of limestone caves.

2. Stalagmites are structures that rise up from the floor of caves, often directly below stalactites.

3. Glaciers move primarily due to the melting of ice at their bases.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 13

Statement 1: Stalactites are indeed icicle-shaped formations that hang from the ceilings of limestone caves. When carbonated water, rich in dissolved calcium carbonate, seeps through the ceiling of a cave and evaporates, it leaves behind calcium carbonate deposits that form stalactites. This statement is correct.

Statement 2: Stalagmites are formations that rise from the floor of a cave, typically forming directly beneath stalactites. They are created by the dripping of water from the ceiling, which deposits calcium carbonate as it evaporates on the ground. This statement is correct.

Statement 3: While glaciers do experience some melting at their bases, their primary movement is due to the force of gravity acting on the mass of ice, causing it to flow slowly downhill. This statement oversimplifies the process and is not entirely accurate. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.

Thus, the correct answer is Option B: 1 and 2 Only.

Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 14

Consider the following statements:

1. During the youth stage of landscape development in running water regimes, streams have poor integration and flow over original slopes.
2. In the mature stage, stream divides are broad and flat with marshes, swamps, and lakes.
3. The old stage of landscape development is characterized by streams meandering freely over vast floodplains with features like natural levees and oxbow lakes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 14

1. Statement 1 is correct. During the youth stage of landscape development in running water regimes, streams do indeed have poor integration and flow over original slopes. This stage typically features shallow V-shaped valleys and minimal floodplains.
2. Statement 2 is incorrect. In the mature stage, the stream divides are sharp and not broad and flat. Broad and flat stream divides with marshes, swamps, and lakes are characteristics of the youth stage, not mature.
3. Statement 3 is correct. The old stage of landscape development is indeed characterized by streams meandering freely over vast floodplains, creating features such as natural levees and oxbow lakes. At this stage, the landscape is mostly at or slightly above sea level.
Thus, the correct statements are 1 and 3, making Option C: 1 and 3 Only the correct answer.

Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 15

Which of the following stages do landforms undergo as they evolve over time?

Detailed Solution for Test: Landforms And Their Evolution - Question 15

Landforms progress through three distinct stages: youth, mature, and old. In the youth stage, landforms are typically characterized by sharp features and steep gradients, while in the mature stage, they often have more rounded features due to erosion. In the old stage, landforms may appear flat and exhibit minimal change. This classification helps geologists and geomorphologists understand the lifecycle of various landforms and the processes that shape them.

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