Test: The Age of Industrialisation - 1 - UPSC MCQ

• The Orient is a historical term for the East, traditionally comprising anything that belongs to the Eastern world, in relation to Europe. It is the antonym of Occident, the Western World.
• The Orient is an old-fashioned name for Asia.

Correct Answer :- C

Explanation : 1.The cover page of a music book a published by E. T. Paul in 1900 shows the sign of progress as the picture of railway, camera, machines, printing press and factory.

2. The glorification of machines and technology is even more marked on the cover page of a trade magazine.

Both the statements are correct but R is not the correction explanation of A.

Jobber is the person who got people from the village, ensured them jobs, helped them settle in cities and provided them money in times of need. 

• England (Britain) was the first country to industrialize because it had resources that included coal, water, iron ore, rivers, harbors, and banks.
• Britain also had all the factors of production that the Industrial Revolution required. These factors of production included land, labor (workers), and capital (wealth).

Explanation:
The assertion states that in the 18th century, European merchants found it difficult to expand production within towns. The reason given is that towns had absolute technology.
To evaluate the assertion and reason, we need to consider whether they are both true and whether the reason adequately explains the assertion.
Assertion: In the 18th century, European merchants found it difficult to expand production within towns.
This assertion suggests that there were challenges faced by European merchants in expanding production within towns during the 18th century.
Reason: Towns had absolute technology.
This reason implies that the presence of absolute technology in towns was the cause of the difficulty faced by European merchants in expanding production.
Evaluation:
In evaluating the assertion and reason, we find that:
- The assertion is true as it states a fact about the difficulties faced by European merchants in expanding production within towns during the 18th century.
- However, the reason is not entirely correct. While it is true that towns had technology, it is not clear what is meant by "absolute technology" and how it directly relates to the difficulty faced by merchants in expanding production.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: A is correct but R is wrong. The assertion is true, but the reason does not adequately explain the assertion.

• Manchester export to India declined after the First World War because the British industries and mills were busy in fulfilling the needs of the army.
• Most of the products were manufactured for meeting war needs.

• Hoogly, Surat and Masulispatnam are the three pre-colonial ports of India.
• Surat on the Gujarat coast connected India to the gulf and red seaports. Masulipatam on the coromandel coast.
• Hoogly in Bengal had trade links with Southeast Asian ports.

The East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in India to establish a more direct control over the weavers, free of the existing traders and brokers in the cloth trade. The Gomasthas were the paid servants who supervised the weavers,collected supplies and examined the quality of cloth.

Machines replaced human labour which was not a good indication for those who earned their livelihood by working in the industries.

The first cotton textile mill in India was established at Fort Glastor near Kolkata in 1818. Large scale production of cotton started in Mumbai in 1854.