Test: Development - 2 - UPSC MCQ

The total income of the country is the income of all the residents of the country. For comparison between countries, total income is not such a useful measure. Since countries have different population, comparing total income will not tell us what an average people is likely to earn. Hence we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population.

So, Average income = Total income /Total population

The average income is also called per capita income.

The Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual report published by the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

Kerala has low infant mortality rate because it mainly concentrates on human resource development. It has also made many provisions on developing the quality of education and medical facilities.

Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) because it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities. This implies that access to healthcare and education contributes significantly to the well-being of infants, leading to lower mortality rates.

Other than the above features, there is High incidence of poverty, rapid population growth and technological backwardness too.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic (composite index) of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the GDP per capita is higher. The HDI was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq for the UNDP.

Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

Firstly, India has a very low per capita income as compared to the developed countries. Our per capita income was as low as $5610 as estimated in 2014.The proportion of the workforce with respect to the population engaged in agriculture is much less in developed countries as compared to India.

Money cannot buy all the goods and services that a person may need to live well. Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use. For example, normally, money cannot buy a pollution-free environment or ensure that a person gets unadulterated medicines, unless a person can afford to shift to a community that already has all these things. Money may also not be able to protect individual from infections, disease, unless the whole of our community takes preventive steps.

Madhya Pradesh has recorded the highest infant mortality rate of 48 for every 1,000 live births while Kerala has registered the lowest -- just seven, according to the latest data of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.