Test: Kingdoms, Kings & an Early Republic - UPSC MCQ

Manual workers who served the first three classes and mainly did physical labour were called the shudras. They were not allowed to take part in any religious events like the horse sacrifice, etc.

The rulers of the mahajanapadas needed more resources for building forts and maintaining armies, so they started collecting regular taxes. Taxes are like payments that people give to the ruler to help run the kingdom.

The primary purpose of the Ashvamedha sacrifice in ancient times was B: To test the loyalty of other kings. By releasing a consecrated horse to roam freely, the ritual allowed the ruler to assert his authority over any territory the horse entered. Other kings were expected to acknowledge this authority or challenge it, which tested their loyalty and obedience to the ruling king.

Painted Grey Ware is a type of pottery from ancient India known for its grey color and geometric designs. It was made from clay and represents a significant development in pottery during the later Vedic period.

Alexander the Great, also known as Alexander of Macedonia, reached the Indian subcontinent but did not conquer it. His campaign extended up to the Beas River, and his army was deterred from advancing further east due to the formidable military presence in India.