Test: Manufacturing Industries - 2 - UPSC MCQ

The first Indian cotton mill, "The Bombay Spinning Mill", was opened in 1854 in Mumbai by Cowasji Nanabhai Davar. Opposition from the Lancashire mill owners was eventually offset by the support of the British manufacturers of textile machinery.

Jute is a long natural fiber that is produced from plants of the Corchorus genus and is made of the plant’s cellulose and lignin. The fiber has numerous uses including the manufacturing of bio-degradable packing material, such as gunny bags. Jute is recognized as the second most important vegetable fiber in the world, behind only cotton, in terms of global consumption and production.

India was the largest producer of jute products in fiscal year 2019, with over one million metric tons of goods produced from this natural fiber.

India and Bangladesh produce the greatest amounts of jute in the world, and global production is estimated at more than 3.3 million tonnes each year.

- Iron and steel industry is classified as a primary industry.
- Primary industries involve obtaining or providing natural raw materials.
- Iron and steel production involves processing raw materials like iron ore.
- The process includes extraction and refining, which are characteristic of primary industries.
- Unlike agro-based (related to agriculture), chemical (involving chemical processes), or tertiary (service-based) industries, iron and steel focus on raw material production.
- This foundational industry supports numerous secondary and tertiary industries.

Durgapur is a Tier-II city in Paschim Bardhaman district, in the state of West Bengal, India. Durgapur is the third largest urban agglolomeration in West Bengal and happens to be the second planned city of India after Chandigarh and has the only operational dry (inland) port in Eastern India. Durgapur was planned by two American Architects Joseph Allen Stein and Benjamin Polk in 1955.It is the only city in Eastern India to have an operational dry dock.

The abbreviation STP stands for Software Technology Park.
Explanation:
- Definition: A Software Technology Park (STP) is a designated area where technology-related companies, particularly software development and IT services firms, are located. It is a hub for technology and innovation, providing a supportive environment for businesses to grow and thrive.
- Purpose: STPs are established to promote the growth of the software industry, attract investments, and foster collaboration among technology companies. They offer various incentives and benefits to attract companies, such as tax breaks, infrastructure support, and access to skilled talent.
- Features: Software Technology Parks typically have state-of-the-art infrastructure, including office spaces, data centers, high-speed internet connectivity, and other facilities necessary for technology companies to operate efficiently.
- Advantages: Some of the advantages of being located in an STP include access to a supportive ecosystem, networking opportunities with like-minded businesses, access to government support and policies, and exposure to the latest technologies and trends.
- Examples: Software Technology Parks exist in various countries around the world. For instance, in India, the Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) is a government initiative that promotes the development of the software and IT industry in the country by establishing STPs in different cities.
In conclusion, STP stands for Software Technology Park, which is a designated area that supports the growth and development of technology-related companies, particularly those in the software and IT industry.

NTPC Limited, formerly known as National Thermal Power Corporation Limited, is an Indian Public Sector Undertaking, engaged in the business of generation of electricity and allied activities. It is a company incorporated under the Companies Act 1956 and is promoted by the Government of India.

Atomic Power Plant Causes:


There are several negative impacts associated with atomic power plants. These include:
1. Water Pollution:
- Atomic power plants require a large amount of water for cooling purposes, and this water is often discharged back into nearby lakes, rivers, or oceans.
- The discharged water may be heated, which can disrupt aquatic ecosystems and harm marine life.
- Additionally, the discharged water may contain traces of radioactive materials, which can contaminate water bodies and pose a threat to human health.
2. Noise Pollution:
- The operation of an atomic power plant involves the use of various machinery and equipment, which can generate noise pollution.
- The constant noise can have a negative impact on the well-being of nearby residents and wildlife.
3. Air Pollution:
- Although atomic power plants do not emit greenhouse gases like coal-fired power plants, they can still contribute to air pollution.
- During the process of generating electricity, atomic power plants release small amounts of radioactive gases and particles into the atmosphere.
- These emissions can have a detrimental effect on air quality and human health.
4. Radioactive Pollution:
- One of the major concerns associated with atomic power plants is the potential for radioactive pollution.
- Accidents or malfunctions at nuclear power plants can lead to the release of radioactive materials, which can have severe consequences for both human and environmental health.
- Radioactive pollution can contaminate soil, water, and air, leading to long-term health risks and environmental degradation.
In conclusion, atomic power plants can cause various forms of pollution, including water pollution, noise pollution, air pollution, and radioactive pollution. These negative impacts highlight the importance of stringent safety measures and proper waste management in the operation of atomic power plants.

Sugar is something that can be manufactured (that is made or produced by using different other raw materials) hence it comes under manufacturing industry, whereas the rest are either cultivated or grown.

The branch of manufacture and trade based on the fabrication, processing, or preparation of products from raw materials and commodities. This includes all foods, chemicals, textiles, machines, and equipment.

A fishery is an entity engaged in raising or harvesting  unlike other options that process some raw materials.

All the three are basic factors that strongly influence the industries.

Per capita income or average income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. It is calculated by dividing the area's total income by its total population.

Agro-based industries are those industries which obtain raw-material from agriculture. Cotton textile, jute textile, sugar, vegetable oil etc are representative industries of an agro-based group of industry.

jute is known as the golden fibre because because it have golden color like appearance. and more reason is that it is a cash crop and can bring money. 

Limestone is used as a raw material in cement industry. It is the main ingredient for the production of cement. About 1.5 tonnes of limestone is used in the manufacture of 1 tonne of cement