KVS PGT Physics Mock Test - 3 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 1 'एतत् + मुरारी' सही सन्धि विच्छेद है।

Key Points

• एतत् + मुरारी = एतन्मुरारी।
• एतन्मुरारी में व्यंजन संधि है।
• नियम - त् का न में परिवर्तन।
• अन्य विकल्प त्रुटिपूर्ण है।

Additional Information

• जब दो वर्गों में सन्धि होती है। यदि इन दो वर्गों में से पहला वर्ण व्यञ्जन हो और दूसरा वर्ण व्यञ्जन या स्वर हो तो उससे जो विकार उत्पन्न होता है, उसे व्यञ्जन सन्धि कहते हैं। व्यञ्जन सन्धि को संस्कृत में 'हल सन्धि' कहते हैं।
• नियम - यदि किसी वर्ग के प्रथम वर्ण के बाद कोई अनुनासिक वर्ण हो तो प्रथम वर्ण के बदले उसी वर्ग का अनुनासिक वर्ण हो जाता है।
• उदाहरण -
• वाक् + मात्र = वाङ्मात्र; जगत् + नाथ = जगन्नाथ
• अप् + मय = अम्मय; षट् + मास = षण्मास
• दिक् + मण्डल = दिमण्डल; वाक् + मय = वाङ्मय
• एतत् + मुरारी = एतन्मुरारी; चित् + मय = चिन्मय

सही उत्तर 'लोक + एषण = लोकएषणा' है।

• दिए गए विकल्पों में असुमेलित 'लोक + एषण = लोकएषणा' है।
• 'लोक + एषणा' का सही सुमेल 'लोकैषणा (अ + ए = ऐ)' होता है।
• यह 'वृद्धि स्वर संधि' का उदाहरण है।
• इसमें अ या आ के बाद ए या ऐ आए तो ‘ऐ’ और ओ और औ आए तो औ हो जाता हो।

अन्य विकल्प-

• मातृ + इच्छा = मात्रिच्छा - यण स्वर संधि
• लघु + उत्तर = लघूत्तर - दीर्घ स्वर संधि
• सु + समा = सुषमा - व्यंजन स्वर संधि

Additional Information

शब्द 'स्वागत' में संधि है- 'यण संधि'

• सु + आगत = स्वागत (उ + आ = वा)
• इसमें यण संधि है।
• 'सु' (अच्छा) उपसर्ग और 'आगत' (आया हुआ) मूलशब्द
• अर्थ: अभिनंदन, सत्कार, आवभगत, अभिवादन, इस्तिकबाल।
• विलोम शब्द- 'तिरस्कार'

Key Pointsयण संधि:-

• जब संधि करते समय (इ, ई) के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो ‘य‘ बन जाता है,
• जब (उ, ऊ) के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो ‘व‘ बन जाता है, जब (ऋ) के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो ‘र‘ बन जाता है।
• तो इसे यण संधि कहते है।

उदाहरण-

• अधि + आय = अध्याय (इ + आ = या)
• अनु + एषण = अन्वेषण (उ + ए = वे)
• पितृ + आज्ञा = पित्राज्ञा ( ऋ + आ = र )

Additional Information

The correct answer is Gamma Rays.

Key Points

• Gamma rays have the shortest wavelength and highest frequency (energy) in the electromagnetic spectrum.
• They are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths in the range of 10^-12m and frequencies around 10²⁰- 10²⁴ Hz.
• They have a high penetrating power.
• They are a result of decaying radioactive material and can also be found in outer space.
• They are used in medical applications for sterilisation of equipment and cancer treatment.

Additional Information

•  Other radiations in the Electromagnetic spectrum are:

The correct answer is Nitrification.

Key Points

• The process of conversion of ammonia into nitrate nitrogen is called nitrification.
• It is done in two steps- Nitrite formation, Nitrate formation.
• Nitrite formation- Ammonia are oxidized to nitrites by Nitrococcus, Nitrosomonas.

Additional Information

• The nitrogen cycle has four steps-
  • Nitrogen Fixation- Conversion of molecular nitrogen into the inorganic nitrogenous compound.
  • Ammonification- Conversion of the dead organic nitrogenous compound into ammonia.
  • Nitrification- Oxidation of ammonia into nitrates.
  • Denitrification- Nitrites or nitrates converts back into molecular nitrogen.

There are 8 triangles in the figure. By counting the individual triangles, we can see that there are 2 large triangles, 4 medium triangles, and 2 small triangles, making a total of 8 triangles.

Inclusion is one of the major challenges facing the education system worldwide set within the overall framework of Education for all. The aim is the development of schools that can respond to students’ diversity focusing in particular on groups of students that are vulnerable to marginalization, exclusion, and underachievement.

Key Points

•  Inclusive education means creating effective classrooms where the educational needs of all children are addressed irrespective of ability or disability.
•  The planning for inclusive education should be followed by implementation.
• It’s an approach that seeks to address the learning needs of all children, youth, and adults with a specific focus on those who are vulnerable to marginalization and exclusion.
• The school environment changes, and the curriculum changes to accommodate the needs of all children irrespective of caste, creed, religion degree of disability, or ability. 
• With regard to social and educational implications, we must also understand the terms mainstreaming, integration, and inclusion.
• Inclusive education is when regular schools are equipped to meet educational needs.      

Thus, it is concluded that the planning for inclusive education should be followed by implementation.

Child: According to international law, a ‘child’ means every human being below the age of 18 years this comes from the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), an international legal instrument accepted and ratified by most countries.

Key Points

Child Rights

• All people under the age of 18 are entitled to the standards and rights guaranteed by the laws that govern our country and the international legal instruments we have accepted by ratifying them.
• The Constitution of India guarantees all children certain rights, which have been specially included for them. These include:
  • Right to free and compulsory elementary education for all children in the 6-14 year age group (Article 21 A).
  • Right to be protected from any hazardous employment till the age of 14 years (Article 24).
  • Right to be protected from being abused and forced by economic necessity to enter occupations unsuited to their age or strength (Article 39(e)).
  • Right to equal opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and conditions of freedom and dignity and guaranteed protection of childhood and youth against exploitation and moral and material abandonment (Article 39 (f)).
• Besides these they also have rights as equal citizens of India, just like any other adult male or female:
  • Right to equality (Article 14).
  • Right against discrimination (Article 15).
  • Right to personal liberty and due process of law (Article 21).
  • Right to being protected from being trafficked and forced into bonded labor (Article 23).
  • Rights of weaker sections of the people to be protected from social injustice and all forms of exploitation (Article 46).

Important Points

• All persons below the age of 18 are children.
• Childhood is a process through which every human being passes.
• Children have different experiences during childhood.
• All children need to be protected from abuse and exploitation.

Hence, we can conclude that Child Rights in India apply to those who are below 18 years of age.

IT and ICTs are very often interchangeably used in the context of modern technology infrastructure. ICT is a broad and comprehensive term, which comprises information technology and communication technology. Information technology includes radio, television, computer and internet, teleconferencing and mobile technology.

Key Points

• All these information technologies have mainly two types of communication technologies.
  • Satellite based communication and
  • Terrestrial based communication.
• Satellite based communication is the communication, which takes place between sender and receiver through a communication satellite whereas terrestrial based communication is the communication, which takes place through a network of transmitters spread across a geographical area, a country, or a state.
• This type of communication is used in the transmission of radio and television in India.
• However, with the launch of a series of satellites by Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), satellite based communication is being used for telecommunication.

Important Points

• Communicating information effectively by making use of appropriate technology is called information and communication technology (ICT).
• In all, ICT is an umbrella term that includes many communication devices such as radio, television, cellular phones, computers and network, satellite systems and so on.
• ICTs are defined, as a “diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information.

Mental health problems are increasingly at a very high rate in individuals of all age-group, especially school-going children or college-going children, due to education pressure and personal problems.

• Suicide is also highly common in young children.

Key Points

• Adopting effective and appropriate teaching practices in school can reduce mental health problems
• Providing discipline education can also help in preventing mental health problems
• Reducing educational pressure is also a great initiative.
• Providing value education for the betterment of children is also useful.
• Helping children gain sex education also prevents mental health education.
• Understanding children and accepting them also prevent mental health problems

Thus, it can be concluded that option 4 is correct

Rubrics can be simple, with a few criteria, or complex, with several criteria adding up to a score. Rubrics can be holistic (simplistic) or analytic (detailed). It can be general or task-specific. In other words, rubrics are usually categorized based on two different aspects – assessment criteria and performance tasks.

Key Points

• A rubric is a multi-purpose scoring guide for assessing student products and performances.
• Rubrics help improve teaching, contribute to sound assessment, and serve as a source of information for program improvement.
• A rubric for assessment, usually in the form of a matrix or grid, is a tool used to interpret and grade students’ work against criteria and standards.
• A rubric makes explicit a range of assessment criteria and expected performance standards.
• Rubrics are sometimes called “criteria sheets”, “grading schemes”, or “scoring guides”.
• Rubrics serve as a guide to both students and teachers.
• For students, for example, it serves as a guide for self-assessment of their performance and also knowing what to expect on how a teacher will be grading their assignment.
• It also guides them to complete their assignments.
• On the other hand, teachers can use it to assess student’s work in an assignment or in a course and ensure objectivity in their grading. 

Thus, it is concluded that the rubric is a multi-purpose scoring guide for assessing student products and performances.      

Pavlov is a Russian psychologist, is also known as "Father of Conditional Reflection".

Key Points

• During his studies, he noticed that dogs, on whom he was doing his experiments, started secreting saliva as soon as they saw the empty plate in which food was served.
• These unusual responses intrigued Pavlov, and he wondered what accounted for what he called the dogs’ “psychic secretions”. Saliva secretion is a reflexive response to food or something in the mouth.

Important Points 

Pavlov designed an experiment to understand this process in detail:

• Pavlov was studying the gastric secretion of the dogs by placing meat powder in their mouth and measuring the saliva.
• A bell was sounded and immediately thereafter food (meat powder) was served to the dog. The dog was allowed to eat it.
• For the next few days, every time the meat powder was presented, it was preceded by the sound of a bell
• After several such trials, a test trial was introduced in which everything was the same as the previous trials except that no food followed the sounding of the bell.
• The dog still salivated to the sound of the bell, expecting presentation of the meat powder as the sound of the bell had come to be connected with it.
• This association between the bell and food resulted in the acquisition of a new response by the dog, i.e. salivation to the sound of the bell. This has been termed as conditioning.
• All dogs salivate when they are presented with food. Food is thus an Unconditioned Stimulus (US) and salivation which follows it, and Unconditioned Response (UR).
• After conditioning, salivation started to occur in the presence of the sound of the bell. The bell becomes a Conditioned Stimulus (CS) and saliva secretion a Conditioned Response (CR). This kind of conditioning is called classical conditioning.

Hence, we conclude that Ivan Pavlov in his experiment called the dog’s anticipatory salivation as psychic secretion.

• Scientific notation is the method of writing, or of displaying real numbers as a decimal number between 1 and 10 followed by an integer power of 10. 
• To convert a regular number to scientific notation, we first rewrite it as a decimal, then multiply it by a power of 10.
• There is an infinite number of ways to do this for any given number, but we always prefer the one that has only a single digit in front of the decimal point. 

The SI base units and their physical quantities are the metre for measurement of length, the kilogram for mass, the second for time, the ampere for electric current, the kelvin for temperature, the candela for luminous intensity, and the mole for amount of substance.

As the string is inextensible, both masses have the same acceleration a. Also, the pulley is massless and frictionless, hence the tension at both ends of the string is the same. Suppose the mass m₂ is greater than mass m₁, so the heavier mass m₂ is accelerating downward and the lighter mass m₁ is accelerating upwards.

Therefore, by Newton's 2nd law

T - m₁g =m₁a ...(i)

m₂g - T = m₂a ...(ii)

After solving Eqs. (i) and (ii)

So, the ratio of the masses is 9:7.

According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence and angle of reflection are equal. Both these angles are measured with respect to a line normal to the reflection surface. If I understand the question correctly, the incident ray makes an angle of 60 degrees with the mirror surface, then the angle of incidence can be calculated as:

Angle of incidence = 90 - angle made with the mirror surface

= 90 - 60 = 30 degrees.

Since, angle of incidence = angle of reflection = 30 degrees.

The incident ray will have an angle of reflection of 30 degrees (made with a surface normal to the mirror surface).

The reflected ray will make an angle of 60 degrees (90 - 30 degrees) with the mirror surface.

The necessary condition for phenomenon of interference to occur are:
1. There should be two coherent sources.
2. The frequency and amplitude of both the waves should be same.
3. The propagation of waves should be simultaneously and in same direction.
These are the conditions, no explanation.

Only electron microscope has resolution of 0.5-0.6 Angstrom which is less than the size of an atom.

In this process, heat is transferred in the liquid and gases from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. Convection heat transfer occurs partly due to the actual movement of molecules or due to the mass transfer

Average force = change in momentum/time
Change in momentum = m(v1 - v2)
=0.01[ 5 - (-5)]
=0.1
Average force = 0.1/0.01
= 10 N

On equatorial line, the direction of electric field is reversed to that of angle of axial line. Therefore, the angle between dipole moment and electric field is 180°.

The number of images between two plane mirror inclined at an angle θ when the object is placed symmetrically between the mirrors is given as
n=(360o​/ θ) −1
Given, 
θ=60o
∴n=(360^o​/60)−1=6−1=5

Given, 
Frequency f=60kHz=60000Hz
Velocity of EM wane=v=3x108 m/s
Wavelength λ
We have v=f x λ
3x108 m/s= 60000 Hz x λ
λ=5000m
λ=5km
Destructive interference.

Let particle (1) is moving towards right and particle (2) is moving towards left art this instant, 1 = 0 

Because angular momentum remains constant as the moment of inertia is increasing here so the angular velocity will decrease.

Hook’s Law states that for small deformations the stress and strain are proportional to each other.

Currents are in the same direction, so at the middle B=D
And the B varies exponentially not linearly,
So,

Force due to surface tension acts all along the circumference of the circular plate. Therefore, force required to take away of plate is,
F = T x 2πr = 70 x 2 x 3.14 x 4 = 1758.4 dyne/cm
 

Angular momentum L=Iω
L=mr²×ω
Since r first decreases then increases.
So due to conservation of angular momentum L first increases then decreases.