KVS PGT Physics Mock Test - 6 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

The correct answer is Magnesium.

Key Points

• The outermost shell of a Magnesium element has two electrons.
  • 12 is the atomic mass for magnesium.
  • it is in group 2 of the periodic table, which it loses,
  • so it can attain stability by losing the electron and its outermost shell will be complete by achieving (2,8) configuration 
  • it has a charge of +2, as it still has 12 protons (positive charges) and now has only 10 electrons (negative charges).
  • Magnesium is used in products that benefit from being lightweight, such as car seats, luggage, laptops, cameras, and power tools.
  • It is also added to molten iron and steel to remove sulfur. 
• Outermost Shell :
  • This outermost shell is known as the valence shell, and the electrons found in it are called valence electrons.
  • In general, atoms are most stable, least reactive, when their outermost electron shell is full.

Additional Information

• Carbon is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6.
  • It is nonmetallic and tetravalent-making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.
  • It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. 
  • Carbon typically shares electrons to achieve a complete valence shell, forming bonds with multiple other atoms.
• Boron is a chemical element with the symbol B and atomic number 5.
  • The boron atom has only six electrons in its outer shell, leading to an electron deficiency.
  • This molecule has 12 valence shell electrons, 3 each from the B atoms, and 1 each from the six H atoms.
    • Electrons per shell: 2,3
    • Atomic Mass: 10.811 g/mol
• Chlorine atom consists of 17 protons (positively charged sub-atomic particles) in the atom's nucleus (central region), balanced by seventeen electrons (negatively charged sub-atomic particles) distributed around the nucleus.

The logic followed here is:

The figure in image 2 is water image of the figure in image 1. The figure in image C of answer figure will be the water image of the figure in image 3.

Hence, image C of answer figure is the correct answer.

Kothari Commission (1964-66) is also known as National Education Commission.

• It was set up under the chairmanship of 'Daulat Singh Kothari' to examine all aspects of educational sectors in India and to produce appropriate strategies and guidelines for the upliftment of education.

Key Points

Major recommendations of Kothari Commission(1964-66)

• 10+2+3 structure of education: (10years of General Education + 2years of Higher Education + 3 years of degree).
• Common schools system to ensure the equalization of educational opportunities for all children.
• Neighborhood school (Every school has to admit each and every child within its prescribed locality irrespective of their caste, religion, and community)

Hence, it could be concluded that Kothari Commission gave the concept of 10+2+3.

Additional Information

• Hunter Commission has an important place in the field of education in India. This commission offered important suggestions in the context of primary education.
• NCF-2000 had recommended that Environmental Studies be taught as an integrated course for the entire primary stage, instead of in two distinct parts devoted to science and social studies from classes II to V.
• The concept of primary health care was recommended by the ''Bhore committee''. This committee was set up in 1943 with Sir Joseph Bhore as its Chairman. It is also known by the name Health Survey & Development Committee.

The term 'Curriculum' within the field of education refers to the overall program of the varsity which students experience on a day-to-day basis. It is a planned sequence of instruction in terms of educator's and school's instructional goals. as a gaggle of learning goals. It is attached across grades that outline the intended mathematics content and process goals at particular points in time throughout the K–12 school program.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Overall programme of the school which students experience on a day-to-day basis.'

The curriculum is the pre-determined standards or instructions regarding what should be taught in educational settings, such as primary class, secondary class, college, etc. 

• Curriculum can be formal, hidden, or informal

Key Points

• Explicit and overt curricula are formal curriculums
• A formal curriculum includes formal written instructions for schools or colleges.
• Learning experiences provided by schools in formal educational settings are determined by formal curriculums
• Curriculum texts, documents, videos, films, etc. are examples of the formal curriculum
• Formal curricula are planned, organized, and implemented in regular schools. 
• A formal curriculum involves overt instructions explicitly written for teaching children. 

Thus, it can be concluded that explicit and overt are known as the formal curriculum. 

Classroom management does not mean a strict order but shaping of a positive environment in the classroom. The teacher's behavior is the main contributing factor. A skillful and efficient teacher manages the class in such a manner that he never faces discipline problems.

Key Points

• A good teacher should :
  • give ample opportunities to children for self-reflection.
  • be flexible in classrooms do not have rigid behavior for students.
  •  create an emotionally pleasant and stimulating environment
  • set meaningful goals.
  •  make the subject matter meaningful.
  • make unity among the student in diversity.
  • try to avoid punishments for the students.
  • give all the students the same and equal opportunities.

So for all the above reasons, option (4) is the correct answer.

Additional Information 

•  Rigid or fearful behavior of the teacher demotivates the students, also increasing the fear of learning in the soul of students. 
  • So that the behavior of teachers should be flexible and learning in the classroom should be child-centered instead of teacher-centered.
• ​The rigid rules should not be made by the teachers for the students to follow, without question, this type of behavior impacts students learning as well as increases the chance to make them rigid.

Learning-centered education focuses on the learning process. Although its primary concern is on the learning of the students, all those involved in the education of students such as teachers are also co-learners with the students in the learning-centered education. It is basically learner-centered but includes teachers in the process of learning in a classroom situation.

• Learning-centered education places the student at the center of education.
• It begins with understanding the educational contexts from which a student comes.
• It continues with the teacher evaluating the student’s progress towards learning objectives.
• By helping the student to acquire the basic skills to learn, ultimately provides a basis for learning throughout life.
• It, therefore, places the responsibility for learning on the student, while the teacher assumes the responsibility for facilitating the student’s education.
• This approach strives to be individualistic, flexible, competency-based, varied in methodology, and not always constrained by time or place.
• In other words, learning-centered education advocates a student-focused teaching and learning environment facilitating the exploration of meaning and content knowledge through personal and interpersonal inquiry.
• The teachers attempt to maximize student productivity, knowledge acquisition, and increasing skills and development of personal and professional abilities.
• The teachers may hence use a variety of instructional tools and methods, as well as flexible arrangements of time and place.
• Learners assume primary responsibility for their choices and have opportunities to exercise control over their learning.
• As a result, there are collaborative partnerships among all those who are the stakeholders of children’s learning.

Hence, we conclude that both points are correct.

The stage of the embryo which nearly resembles a human being is called a fetus. Learning starts at fetal stage when a child starts reacting to different stimuli, as the sense organs are developed by this time.
The fetal nervous system starts developing very early in pregnancy. The main subdivisions of the brain are, in a basic form, visible at five gestational weeks. At about gestational weeks 25-29, the fetus is even able to hear internal (e.g. from the maternal gastrointestinal system) and external sounds. So, obviously the fetus gets a vague idea from the external environment through its senses, far before birth. Some studies even demonstrate that fetal heart rate patterns change distinctively, depending on whether the unborn child is exposed to the maternal voice or another female voice.

In any classroom it is not very likely that any two students learn the same thing; in the same way; at the same place. We must realize that in order to assist each pupil and to capitalize on his or her natural inclination to understand, we should be able not only to diagnose his or her style of learning but to accept it.

• Inclusive education approaches differences and "diversity" affirmatively, recognizing the value of such differences and the learning opportunities that such diversity offers.
• It provides opportunities to learn about and accept individual differences, lessening the impact of harassment and bullying.

Key Points

• provide opportunities for communication and expression.
• give importance to every student's perspective on information.
• not provide options for leveling and stereotyping the learners. 
• ensure the presentation of content according to students' needs and interests. 
• use various methods and strategies and modes of assessment to meet the demand of every individual.
• give priority to every child and never ignore students' on the basis of their background or physical appearance. 

Hint

• "Stereotype" means a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
• Stereotypes are characteristics imposed upon groups of people because of their race, nationality, and sexual orientation.
• These characteristics tend to be oversimplifications of the groups involved and, even if they seem "positive," stereotypes are harmful.
• Classrooms need to reflect every child and every family in the class. The teacher should not make assumptions about what a child’s ethnic background is.

Hence, we can conclude that in a class having learners with diverse needs, a teacher should NOT provide options for stereotyping the learners.

Kothari Commission (1964-66) was set up under the Chairmanship of Dr. D. S. Kothari to formulate a coherent education policy for India. The Commission was most comprehensive in nature, it reviewed almost all aspects of the education system without limiting itself to any one particular aspect.Key PointsKothari Commission recommended Three-Language Formula in education:

• The First Language: It has to be studied must be the mother tongue or the regional language.
• The Second Language: In Hindi-speaking States, the second language will be English or some other modern Indian language. In non-Hindi-speaking States, the second language will be Hindi or English.
• The Third Language: The third language is taught at a later stage in school, and that too for a shorter time, as it is needed only in limited context i.e. in a social situation where neither first nor second language could help the child to communicate.

Hence, it could be concluded that Kothari Commission suggested three language formula in Education.

Mental development refers to development that enables a child to explore and process information to learn and understand the things around him.

Key Points

• Mental development is a significant aspect of the overall development of a child. It is concerned primarily with how a child starts to understand his\her environment and gain knowledge.
• This area caters to the development of the cognitive abilities of a child, his thought process, memorization, ability to comprehend information, and problem-solving.
• It requires activities that provide an opportunity to utilize the brain in solving problems. For example, activities like treasure hunts allow the child to decipher the codes to solve the puzzle and find the treasure.
• Mental health is a very critical state, especially for a child. Guardians and teachers need to provide an environment where the students can find comfort in terms of emotional security. Only this kind of environment can help in the development of mental abilities.
• It is important to socialize with the child in a positive manner to nurture his cognitive abilities in a developmental way. The child should be clouded with positive thoughts.

Thus, it is concluded that promoting the child's mental development means providing emotional security, socialization, nurturing, and giving affection to the child.

Hint

• Interaction, stimulation, and play: It is a technique mainly used to develop the motor skills of a child.
• Interaction within the community, at health clinics, at school: Such types of interactions are beneficial to develop the social skills of a child.
• Keeping the child safe and free from harm, providing shelter and clothing, preventing and attending to illness: It is a basic requirements for ensuring the overall development of a child. Such an environment is necessary for better upbringing in terms of social, physical, emotional, and mental development.

Bhore Committee (Health Survey and Development Committee): The Govt. of India, in 1943 appointed the Bhore Committee with the Chairmanship of Sr. Joseph Bhore, to survey the existing health conditions and recommendations for future development in the country. The committee members met regularly for two years and submitted their reports in 1946.

Key Points

Some of the important recommendations of the Bhore Committee were:

• Integration of preventive and curative services at all administrative levels.
• The committee visualized the development of primary health centers in two stages:
  • As a shorter-term measure, it was proposed that each primary health center in the rural areas should cater to a population of 40, 000 with a secondary health center to serve as a supervisory, coordinating, and referral institution.
  • A long-term program of setting up primary health units with 75 bedded hospitals for each 10,000 to 20,000 population and secondary units with 650 bedded, hospitals, again regionalized around district hospitals with 2500 beds.
• Major changes in medical education include 3 months of training in preventive and social medicine to prepare "social physicians".
• The Committee's report even today continues to be a major national document and has provided guidelines for National Health Planning.  

Hence, we conclude that the Bhore committee 1943 was set up to assess the health condition of India.

Additional Information

• Mudaliar committee was appointed to survey the progress made in the field of health since the submission of the Bhore Committee's report and to make recommendations for future development and expansion of health services. 
• Yashpal committee: The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) established the Yashpal Committee, a higher education committee, in 2009. The chairman of the committee was Dr. Yash Pal, and it was created for assessing improvements to be brought about in higher education in India.
• Kothari Commission: The Government of India established the Kothari Commission as an ad hoc commission to investigate all facets of the Indian educational system, create a general framework for education, and make recommendations for regulations and programs to further education in India.

FLN refers to Foundational Literacy and Numeracy launched under the National Education Policy 2020. The “Foundational Literacy and Numeracy is a Pre-requisite to Learning and ECCE”.

Key Points

• The NEP had recommended a 3-month play-based School Preparatory Module (SPM) developed by NCERT.
• The teachers need to focus on reading first and foremost.
• It recommended the pupil-teacher ratio for the primary level as 30:1 for more focus on each child.
• The three developmental goals of FLN are for children to maintain good health and well-being; children become effective communicators and children become involved learners and connect with their immediate environment.
• FLN Framework in NIPUN Bharat Guidelines stated that the holistic development of children encompasses: good health and well-being, effective communication, and connecting with the immediate environment.

Hence we conclude that the pupil-teacher ratio for the primary level is 30:1.

A school is a place where instruction in various subjects of the curriculum is provided to a group of students by the teacher with the help of specially planned and developed textbooks to suit the maturity level of children.

• It can also be defined as a place for providing continuous educational programs for children enrolled on a regular basis by professionally qualified teachers in cooperation with home.
• A community is a group of people sharing common social, economic, and cultural interests, purposes, practices, codes, understandings, and commitment.

Key Points

• ​No school can function effectively for a long time without a high degree of community interest, understanding, and participation.
• By interacting with the community, the students can develop an understanding and positive attitude towards community practices and the community too comes to know the school practices. 
• Community resources provide first-hand experiences to the child and s/he is able to develop proper concepts about various aspects of processes of community life. Community resources like press, TV, radio provide up-to-date information about the latest happenings in the world.
• School-community linkages involve universities, colleges, and educational institutions, government and military agencies, health care & faith-based organizations, national service and volunteer organizations, senior citizen organizations, cultural, civic, and recreational institutions, other community-based organizations, and community volunteers that can provide resources and social support to youth and schools.
• School-community collaboration can be utilized to:
  • expose the student to actual work situations in the community.
  • correlate and supplement theoretical learning with real-life experiences.
  • enable students to develop skills of observation, investigation, learning by doing, etc.
  • help students develop positive attitudes and values in their relationship with the community.
  • develop qualities of cooperation, self-help, helping others, adjustment, tolerance, democratic values, etc. among the students. 

Hence, it is concluded that coordinating resources and services for families, students, and the school with community groups viz businesses, agencies, cultural and civic organizations, and colleges or universities is called school-community collaboration.

If the intensity of central maxima is I, then intensity due to individual source must be I/4. So, if one of the slit is closed then due to remaining slit, intensity will be I/4.

The angle of incidence = 90^∘ - 47.5^∘ = 42.5^∘
Now by snells’ laws we get 
sin r = sin 42.5^∘ / 1.66^∘
Thus we get r = 24.01^∘
Thus the angle with surface = 90^∘ -24.01^∘ = 65.99^∘

Angular frequency of the ac signal w=2πν
∴ w=2π(50)=100π
Capacitive reactance X_c​=1/wC​
∴ X_c​=1/(100π×786×10⁻⁶)​=4Ω
Inductive reactance X_L​=w_L
∴ X_L​=100π×(25.48×10−3)=8Ω
Impedance of the circuit Z=√[R²+(X_L​−X_c​)²​]
∴ Z=√[3²+(8−4)²​]=5Ω
 Phase difference ϕ=tan⁻¹[(XL​−Xc​​)R]
Or ϕ=tan⁻¹((8−4​)/3)=tan⁻¹(4/3​)
⟹ ϕ=53.13o
Power factor cosϕ=cos53.13o=0.6
Power dissipated in the circuit
P=I_v²R
Now, Iv=I₀/√2=E₀/√2Z=283/(1.414×5)=40A
∴P=I_v²R=(40)²×3=4800 watt

Unlike a chemical reaction, a nuclear reaction results in a significant change in mass and an associated change of energy, as described by Einstein’s equation. Nuclear reactions are accompanied by large changes in energy, which result in detectable changes in mass. The change in mass is related to the change in energy according to Einstein’s equation: ΔE = (Δm)c2. Large changes in energy are usually reported in kiloelectronvolts or megaelectronvolts (thousands or millions of electronvolts). With the exception of 1H, the experimentally determined mass of an atom is always less than the sum of the masses of the component particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) by an amount called the mass defect of the nucleus. The energy corresponding to the mass defect is the nuclear binding energy, the amount of energy released when a nucleus forms from its component particles. In nuclear fission, nuclei split into lighter nuclei with an accompanying release of multiple neutrons and large amounts of energy. The critical mass is the minimum mass required to support a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. Nuclear fusion is a process in which two light nuclei combine to produce a heavier nucleus plus a great deal of energy.

The magnetic field near the conducting rod due to long current carrying wire is 
B= μ₀​I/2πr ​ (using Ampere's law, ∫B.dl=μ_0​I)
Now, induced emf due to moving rod is e=Blv= (μ₀​I/2πr) ​×lv= μ₀​vIl/2πr

Given,
P_avg=1200W
V_rms=120 Volts
A,
The resistance is,
R=V_rms²/P_avg
So,R=120²/1500=9.6ohm
B,
The rms current is,
I_rms=V_rms/R
So, I_rms=120/9.6
=>I_rms=12.5A
C,
The maximum instantaneous power is,
P_m=2P_avg
So,P_m=2(1500)
=>P_m=3000W.
Hence option D is the correct answer.
 

Copper is a metal whereas Germanium is Semi-conductor.
NOTE : Resistance of metal decreases and semiconductor increases with decrease in temperature.

Angle of dip is 90^o at geographical North Pole because attraction on the North Pole of needle is very strong and the needle remains in vertical plane. At the magnetic equator, the needle will point horizontally, i.e. dip angle is 0^o. As you move from the magnetic equator towards the magnetic pole, the angle increases in the northern hemisphere. So, the angle of dip is maximum.

 As per the question, rays are falling on the mirror, which cleared that Regular reflection is taking place.
So, As per the laws of regular reflection.
=> ∠incident= ∠reflection
∠incident= ∠reflection=38A^o
Also we know that normal is at 90°to the mirror.
Now, to get the required angle we need to reduce angle of reflection from normal.
=>90A^o-38A^o=52A^o
so, the correct answer is option B.

Using energy conservation,

Effective voltage is also known as root mean square value of voltage of alternating current in an AC circuit.
we know, E_rms=E_peak/ √2 
where E_rms  denotes the rms voltage and E_peak peak voltage in an ac circuit.
here, peak voltage , E_peak =423 volts
so, effective voltage , E_rms  =423/√2  ≈ 300 volts
hence, effective voltage is 300 volts
The correct answer is option C.

At point P, 
E=E₁​−E₂​ rightward
⟹E=(kq/x^2​)−(kq/(l−x)²​)   where k=1/4πϵo​ 
⟹E=kq (l(l−2x)​/x²(l−x)²) 
From graph we can see that it can't be straight line and E=0 at x=l/2​
At x=0 ,,E→∞  and at x=l, E→−∞
Hence, from the shown graphs the correct answer is (D).
 

Alternating current is an electric current which periodically reverses direction, as opposed to direct current which flows only in one direction. And it can be easily represented by the periodic function.
So, I = I_o sin wt or I = l_o cos wt.