KVS PGT Physics Mock Test - 8 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

Rumour is a false message that spreads like wildfire. Similarly, hoax too represents a message that is spread just for hype without any validation.
None of the other options are related to rumour, thus option 2 is correct.
Example- There was a hoax of a bomb being present at the metro station.

सही उत्तर "यहाँ" है।

• दिए गए विकल्पों में, 'यहाँ' शब्द 'समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय' नहीं है।
• 'यहाँ' शब्द 'क्रिया-विशेषण अव्यय' है।
• वे शब्द दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों या वाक्यों को जोड़ने का काम करते हैं, वे समुच्चयबोधक शब्द कहलाते हैं।
• जैसे: और, व, एवं, तथा, या, अथवा, किन्तु, परन्तु, कि, क्योंकि, जो कि, हालाँकि, लेकिन, अत:, इसलिए आदि।

Key Pointsअन्य उदाहरण:

Additional Information

• वे शब्द जिनमे लिंग, कारक, वचन, पुरुष आदि के कारण कोई विकार/ परिवर्तन उत्पन्न नहीं होता है, अव्यय शब्द कहलाते है।
• जैसे – आज, कब, इधर, किन्तु आदि।
• अव्यय के पांच भेद हैं –

सही उत्तर ​बलदायक या सीमाबोधक निपात है।

Key Pointsवह आज तक परीक्षा में सफल नहीं हुआ।- वाक्य के रेखांकित शब्द में बलदायक या सीमाबोधक निपात है।

अन्य विकल्प-

• स्वीकार्य निपात- हाँ, जी, जी हाँ।
• निषेधात्मक निपात- मत
• विस्मयादिबोधक निपात- क्या, काश, काश कि

निपात- किसी भी बात पर अतिरिक्त भार देने के लिए जिन शब्दों का प्रयोग किया जाता है, उसे निपात कहते है। जैसे- तक, मत, क्या, हाँ, भी, केवल, जी, नहीं, न, काश। उदाहरण- कल मै भी आपके साथ चलूँगा।Additional Information

सही उत्तर 'अब, एवं, भी' है।

दिए गए विकल्पों में 'अब, एवं, भी' अव्यय की श्रेणी में आते है।

वे शब्द जिनमे लिंग, कारक, वचन, पुरुष आदि के कारण कोई विकार/ परिवर्तन उत्पन्न नहीं होता है, अव्यय शब्द कहलाते है।

जैसे – आज, कब, इधर, किन्तु आदि।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

Additional Information अव्यय के पांच भेद हैं –

सही उत्तर 'कारणवाचक' है।

Mistake Pointsसमुच्चयबोधक के भेद-

समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय के 2 भेद होते हैं- (i) समानाधिकरण, (ii) व्यधिकरण
व्यधिकरण के भेद

व्यधिकरण के 4 भेद होते हैं-

• (a) कारणवाचक/हेतुबोधक - क्योंकि, जोकि, इसलिए कि आदि।
• (b) उद्देश्यवाचक- कि, जो, ताकि, इसलिए कि आदि।
• (c) संकेतवाचक- जो-तो, यदि-तो, यद्यपि-तथापि, चाहे-परन्तु, कि आदि।
• (d) स्वरूपवाचक- कि, जो, अर्थात, याने, मानो आदि।

Key Points

• "वह लाचार है, क्योंकि वह अंधा है।" इस वाक्य में कारणवाचक अव्यय है।
• प्रस्तुत वाक्य में कारण बताया जा रहा है कि वह अँधा है इसलिए लाचार है।
• यहाँ 'क्योंकि' कारणवाचक अव्यय है।
• ऐसे शब्द जिसमें लिंग , वचन , पुरुष , कारक आदि के कारण कोई विकार नहीं आता अव्यय कहलाते हैं। यह सदैव अपरिवर्तित , अविकारी एवं अव्यय रहते हैं। इनका मूल रूप स्थिर रहता है , वह कभी बदलता नहीं है जैसे – इधर, किंतु, क्योंकि, जब, तक, इसलिए आदि।

Additional Information

अव्यय के चार भेद माने जाते हैं-

• क्रिया विशेषण
• संबंधबोधक
• समुच्चयबोधक
• विस्मयादिबोधक

Important Pointsअन्य विकल्प -

• संकेतवाचक - जो अव्यय संकेत या शर्त एक वाक्य में बताकर दूसरे वाक्य में उसका फल संकेतित करें, उन्हें संकेतवाचक कहते हैं।
• उदाहरण- मैं वहाँ इसलिए गया था ताकि पुस्तक ले आऊँ।
• परिणामवाचक - ऐसे अविकारी शब्द जो हमें क्रिया के क्रिया के परिमाण या उसकी मात्र, संख्या के बारे में बताते हैं वे शब्द परिमाणवाचक क्रियाविशेषण कहलाते हैं।
• जैसे: तुम्हे अधिक खाना चाहिए।
• संबंधवाचक - वे शब्द जो संज्ञा/सर्वनाम को अन्य संज्ञा/सर्वनाम के साथ संबंध का बोध कराते हैं उसे संबंधबोधक अव्यय कहते हैं।
• जैसे- किताबें टेबल पर हैं, उसके बिना मेरा काम नहीं चलता

The correct answer is  M.N Roy.

Key Points

• The idea of Constituent Assembly was given by Manabendra Nath Roy​ or M.N.Roy
• In 1934, M.N.Roy put forth the idea of the Constituent Assembly.
• The constituent assembly was formed in 1946 on the basis of the cabinet mission plan.
• Temporary Chairman - Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha.
• Permanent Chairman - Dr. Rajendra Prasad 
• Vice Chairman - Harendra Kumar Mukherjee
• Constitutional adviser - B. N. Rau
• Dr. B.R Ambedkar was the head of the Drafting Committee.
• Constitution was adopted by Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949.
• It became effective on 26 January 1950.

Additional Information

• The Indian Constituent Assembly represented fully representative of the States and Provinces in India.
• Initially, the number of members was 389, after the partition 299 members left.
• Out of this 299, 229 were from the British provinces and 70 were nominated from the princely states.
• It aimed at providing opportunities to each and every community.
• Representatives from princely states and British Indians were also a part of it.

The first six years of life are critical years of human life since the rate of development in these years is more rapid than at any other stage of development. Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) makes a positive contribution to children’s long-term development and learning by facilitating an enabling and stimulating environment in these foundation stages of lifelong learning. 

Important Points

• The National ECCE Policy visualizes nurturance and promotion of holistic development and active learning capacity of all children below 6 years of age by promoting free, universal, inclusive, equitable, joyful, and contextualized opportunities for laying the foundation and attaining full potential.
• The vision for an Indian child reflects our beliefs about children and childhood and what is possible and desirable for human life at the individual and societal levels. While putting forward a shared image of a child, full of potential, it is accepted that children differ in their strengths and capabilities, there is diversity in views about childhood and children, and that not all children have the same opportunities to develop their potential. 
• It views children as happy, healthy, and confident; each child with a unique identity, grounded in their individual strengths and capacities; and with respect for their unique social, linguistic, and cultural heritage and diversity.

Thus, it is concluded that the ‘National Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Policy aims to promote optimal development and active learning capacity of children below six years of age.

Schools act as an agent of socialization through the hidden curriculum. According to sociologists, the hidden curriculum is an unintended result of education. It is the process by which the norms and values of a society are taught to children, alongside the expectations of their particular society.

The term ECCE comprises of three key terms:- ‘Early Childhood’, ‘Care’, and ‘Education’. Early childhood is the period from birth to six years. The importance of ECCE has been recognized globally as well. It started in 1989 with the 'United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child' (UNCRC) which is an international agreement for child rights. It intended to protect and promote the wellbeing of children in terms of their survival, health, education and protection.

Key Points The 'World Conference on Education for All' held in Jomtien, Thailand in 1990 emphasized that ‘learning begins at birth’ and promoted early care and education as a must that needs to be provided through the involvement of families and communities. 

• In addition, the 'World Education Forum' held in Dakar, Senegal in April 2000 also reiterated the importance of ECCE. It reaffirmed that education is a fundamental human right, and set objectives for achieving 'Education For All' (EFA) goals to ensure basic education for all children.
• 'World Education Forum' held in 2015 at Incheon, Republic of Korea, set up the goal for sustainable development recognizing the important role of education as a main driver of development by 2030. The Sustainable Development Goal 4 targets that, “by 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education, so that they are ready for primary education”.

Hence, we conclude that for the first time, in the global context, the ECCE got recognition with ​United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.

This Framework is firmly focussed on the needs of the child and should lead to improved child care and a developmentally appropriate environment for children, leading to a positive impact on the quality of learning and increased attainment of learning outcomes for children participating in ECCE programs. 

Important Points

The National ECCE Curriculum Framework comprises broadly three sections.

• Section I consists of an introduction, vision for an Indian child, rationale, and theoretical foundation for ECCE. The objectives of early childhood education; pedagogical bases and principles of early learning are laid out.
• Section II comprises details of the goals for different domains of development, i.e. physical, language, cognitive, socio-emotional, and creative and aesthetic appreciation, to be fostered to ensure holistic development of children under six years. It comprises suggested developmentally appropriate practices for different age groups.
• Section III focuses on implementation details such as principles of program planning, stages of program planning, the role of parents and caregivers/ECCE teachers, essential play materials and assessment procedure, etc. 

Hence, we can conclude that the National ECCE Curriculum Framework comprises broadly three sections.

The National Education Policy 2020 aims to launch the NIPUN Bharat program to ensure Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) which states that “Our highest priority must be to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy (FLN) in primary school and beyond by 2025.

Key Points

• Pedagogy according to FLN means to lead the child.
• The Education system aims to achieve Foundational Literacy and Numeracy by 2026-27, where, by Grade 3 every child can Read with Comprehension Write Basic Mathematical Operations Learn basic life skills.
• It aims to create an enabling environment to ensure the universal acquisition of foundational literacy and numeracy.
• To achieve the goals of NLM
  • Emphasis on Child-Centred Pedagogy
  • Emphasis on interactive classroom including authentic, appropriate, and accessible toys and materials.
  • Toy-based pedagogy
  • Activity-based/ experiential learning
  • Play-based
  • Art-integrated/sport-integrated
  • Story-telling-based and ICT-integrated learning

Hence we conclude that Pedagogy according to FLN means to lead the child.

The term ECCE comprises of three key terms:- ‘Early Childhood’, ‘Care’, and ‘Education’. Early childhood is the period from birth to six years. The importance of ECCE has been recognized globally as well. It started in 1989 with the 'United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child' (UNCRC) which is an international agreement for child rights. It intended to protect and promote the wellbeing of children in terms of their survival, health, education and protection.

Key Points The 'World Conference on Education for All' held in Jomtien, Thailand in 1990 emphasized that ‘learning begins at birth’ and promoted early care and education as a must that needs to be provided through the involvement of families and communities. 

• In addition, the 'World Education Forum' held in Dakar, Senegal in April 2000 also reiterated the importance of ECCE. It reaffirmed that education is a fundamental human right, and set objectives for achieving 'Education For All' (EFA) goals to ensure basic education for all children.
• 'World Education Forum' held in 2015 at Incheon, Republic of Korea, set up the goal for sustainable development recognizing the important role of education as a main driver of development by 2030. The Sustainable Development Goal 4 targets that, “by 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education, so that they are ready for primary education”.

Hence, we conclude that for the first time, in the global context, the ECCE got recognition with ​United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.

The process of socialization continues throughout one’s life and is constantly renegotiated, but socialization begins as soon as one is born. Sociologists divide socialization into two different parts. 

Key Points

Secondary socialization:

• Secondary socialization refers to the process of learning what is the appropriate behavior as a member of a smaller group within the larger society.
• When the child receives training in institutional or formal settings such as school, secondary socialization takes shape. This level runs parallel to primary socialization. But, unlike family settings, children in schools are trained to conform to authority.
• Secondary socialization is usually associated with teenagers and adults and involves smaller changes than those occurring in primary socialization. Such examples of secondary socialization are entering a new profession or relocating to a new environment or society.

So, secondary socialization takes place when the child receives training in institutional or formal settings such as school.

Additional Information

• Primary socialization in sociology is the period early in a person's life during which they initially learn and build themselves through experiences and interactions around them. 
• Resocialization or resocialization is the process by which one's sense of social values, beliefs, and norms are re-engineered.
• The process is deliberately carried out in -parent households and military boot camps through an intensely social process that may take place in a total institution. 
•  Anticipatory socialization is the process, facilitated by social interactions, in which non-group-members learn to take on the values and standards of groups that they aspire to join, so as to ease their entry into the group and help them interact competently once they have been accepted by it.

A curriculum is a set of predetermined actions that are intended to carry out a certain educational goal. It comprises assertions of the selection criteria for the topic to be taught, as well as decisions about the techniques, resources, and assessment to be used.Key Points 

Overt curriculum:

• The terms explicit curriculum and intended curriculum are also used to describe overt curriculum.
• It covers all the extracurricular and co-curricular activities that the school, college, or university organization has purposefully designed to be provided to the learners.
• It contains information that learners are explicit to be given, including knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values. An overt curriculum is created by keeping the school's aims and objectives in mind.
• As a result, it is limited to written understandings that have been explicitly created by curriculum designers and administrators.

Hence, it is concluded that Overt Curriculum involves experiences that are intentionally planned by the school, college or university organization to be provided to the learners.

Additional Information

• Implicit/hidden curriculum is all the things that student pick up throughout their academic career that is not explicitly taught as part of the formal curriculum.
• Null curriculum is also known as an excluded curriculum which focuses on what not to teach in schools.

  (orbital speed υ₀ of a satellite)

Near the earth’s surface is equal to 1/√2
times the escape velocity of a particle on earth’s surface) Now from conservation of mechanical energy: Decrease in kinetic energy = increase in potential energy

Sensitivity of the potentiometer means the smallest potential difference it can measure. It can be increased by reducing the potential gradient. The same is possible by increasing the length of the potentiometer. Hence the correct option is option C.

Escape velocity is the minimum velocity with which the body has to be projected vertically upwards from the surface of the earth so that it crosses the gravitational field of earth and never returns back on its own.

The ball is at rest, it has maximum potential energy. When the ball is released from rest with the spring at its normal (unstretched) length it loses some potential energy and energy of spring increases. Hence, loss in potential energy of the ball is equal to gain in potential energy of spring.
∴mgx=1/2​kx²
∴x=2mg/k​
Also, for x′=x/2​,
kx′=mg i.e. forces are equal thus, the ball will have no acceleration at the position where it has descended through 2x​.
And when ball is at lowermost position, the spring force will be
kx=2mg
Hence, the ball will have an upward acceleration equal to g at its lowermost position.

Here, r = 10 cm, q = 3.2 x 10^–7 C

We know that retardation of a car with an initial speed of 50kmph stops after 6 m.
We know that v² - u² = 2as  (third equation of motion)
► 0 - 50² = 2 * a * 6
► a = - 50² / 12
Hence when the initial speed is 100 kmph
We get,
► -100² = 2 * a * s
► 2 * s = 12 * (100² / 50²)
Thus we get s = 24 m.

The symbol c stands for specific heat and depends on the material and phase. The specific heat is the amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of 1.00 kg of mass by 1.00degreeC. The specific heat c is a property of the substance; its SI unit is J/(kg⋅K) or J/(kg⋅C).

We know that density of Hg = 13600 kg/m.m.m
= 13600 x 1000 g / 100cm x 100cm x 100cm
= 13.6 g/cm.cm.cm

This can be verified graphically

ObtaIning instantaneous acceleration from graph

When the car moves in a curvature of radius R, the force acting towards the centre of curvature must be equal to mv²/R 
where m is mass of the car, v is the speed of car
But when we draw the free body diagram of the car the only force towards the centre of curvature is the friction force which is f = μmg
Hence by comparing we get v = √μgR
Substituting values gives, v= 20ms^-1

Angular acceleration is defined as the rate at which an object's angular velocity changes over time. It is given by the formula:
Angular acceleration (α) = Change in angular velocity (Δω) / Change in time (Δt)

Yes, the angle of dip at a place is equal to 45^o, when the vertical and horizontal components of earth’s magnetic field are equal. In this case ➔ δ=45^o

So, B_V=B_H.

Newton’s law of cooling is to be used at temperatures around room temperature.

Case 1 : Magnetic field at M due to PQ and QR is

Case 2 : When wire QS is joined.
H₂ = (Magnetic field at M due to PQ) + (magnetic field at M due to QR) + (Magnetic field at M due to QS)

NOTE : The magnetic field due to an infinitely long wire carrying current at a distance R from the end point is half that at a distance R from the middle point.

Beyond the elastic limit, if still some force is applied to the body, at first the body deforms completely and when it can’t deform more, it starts to break into pieces. Now when the plastic range is small, on less extent of applied external force the body would break. And we know such objects are called brittle.