Test: Logical Reasoning- 8 - CLAT MCQ

Passage - 1

Griselda Blanco de Trujillo, in a plain white dress, with a rosary in her hand and a hole in her head, was laid to rest in the Jardines Montesacro, a posh cemetery on the southwestern extreme of Medellin. She was buried in a gold-finished coffin with a domed lid. Eight tough-looking young men, wearing sneakers, jeans, and sunglasses, carried it from the chapel to the grave site on their shoulders. Reporters had gathered to witness the end of La Madrina-"the Godmother"-as the Medellin newspapers had been calling Griselda since the 1970s. But they were warned, brusquely, not to approach closely or photograph the scene, even from a distance. They could only stand and marvel at the strange theatrics they were seeing. Some of the boys banged violently on the coffin, others smoked marijuana, and mourners cried "No te vayas, Tia!" and "La buena, Tia!" while a group of mariachis played and sang. 
The mourners had arrived in buses from Barrio Antioquia, the neighborhood where Griselda grew up, which remains a stubborn hive of vice and rosary in a rapidly pacifying, revitalizing city. They departed at dusk, leaving the grounds littered with their empty bottles of aguardiente, Colombia's ubiquitous anise liquor. Some three hundred feet away, in a lush family grave ringed by green marble and shaded by palms, lay Griselda's onetime friend and apprentice-and eventual mortal enemy-Pablo Escobar.

Which of the following is the most UNLIKELY to be the reason for the death of Griselda Blanco de Trujillo?

Passage - 1

Griselda Blanco de Trujillo, in a plain white dress, with a rosary in her hand and a hole in her head, was laid to rest in the Jardines Montesacro, a posh cemetery on the southwestern extreme of Medellin. She was buried in a gold-finished coffin with a domed lid. Eight tough-looking young men, wearing sneakers, jeans, and sunglasses, carried it from the chapel to the grave site on their shoulders. Reporters had gathered to witness the end of La Madrina-"the Godmother"-as the Medellin newspapers had been calling Griselda since the 1970s. But they were warned, brusquely, not to approach closely or photograph the scene, even from a distance. They could only stand and marvel at the strange theatrics they were seeing. Some of the boys banged violently on the coffin, others smoked marijuana, and mourners cried "No te vayas, Tia!" and "La buena, Tia!" while a group of mariachis played and sang. 
The mourners had arrived in buses from Barrio Antioquia, the neighborhood where Griselda grew up, which remains a stubborn hive of vice and rosary in a rapidly pacifying, revitalizing city. They departed at dusk, leaving the grounds littered with their empty bottles of aguardiente, Colombia's ubiquitous anise liquor. Some three hundred feet away, in a lush family grave ringed by green marble and shaded by palms, lay Griselda's onetime friend and apprentice-and eventual mortal enemy-Pablo Escobar.

Which of the following inferences cannot be drawn from the passage above?

Passage - 2

It is no surprise that the International Energy Agency found that India’s carbon emissions grew by 4.8% during 2018, in spite of the national focus on climate change in energy policy. There is wide recognition of the fact that Indians are not historically responsible for the problem, and it is the rich nations led by the U.S. that have pumped in the stock of carbon dioxide linked to extreme climate impacts being witnessed around the globe. As the IEA points out, India’s emissions have grown, but per capita they remain less than 40% of the global average. Equity among nations is therefore at the centre of the discussion on energy emissions, and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities is central to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Reassuring as this may be, the universal challenge of climate change has grown to such proportions that urgent action to sharply cut carbon emissions is crucial, and all countries, including India, must act quickly. Intensive measures in key sectors — scaling up renewables to raise their share in the energy mix, greening transport, updating building codes and raising energy efficiency—will help meet the national pledge under the Paris Agreement to cut energy intensity of GDP by 33-35% by 2030, over 2005 levels.

According to the passage which of the following accurately measures the contribution of a country to carbon emission?

Passage - 2

It is no surprise that the International Energy Agency found that India’s carbon emissions grew by 4.8% during 2018, in spite of the national focus on climate change in energy policy. There is wide recognition of the fact that Indians are not historically responsible for the problem, and it is the rich nations led by the U.S. that have pumped in the stock of carbon dioxide linked to extreme climate impacts being witnessed around the globe. As the IEA points out, India’s emissions have grown, but per capita they remain less than 40% of the global average. Equity among nations is therefore at the centre of the discussion on energy emissions, and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities is central to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Reassuring as this may be, the universal challenge of climate change has grown to such proportions that urgent action to sharply cut carbon emissions is crucial, and all countries, including India, must act quickly. Intensive measures in key sectors — scaling up renewables to raise their share in the energy mix, greening transport, updating building codes and raising energy efficiency—will help meet the national pledge under the Paris Agreement to cut energy intensity of GDP by 33-35% by 2030, over 2005 levels.

What can be inferred from the first line of the passage?

Passage - 2

It is no surprise that the International Energy Agency found that India’s carbon emissions grew by 4.8% during 2018, in spite of the national focus on climate change in energy policy. There is wide recognition of the fact that Indians are not historically responsible for the problem, and it is the rich nations led by the U.S. that have pumped in the stock of carbon dioxide linked to extreme climate impacts being witnessed around the globe. As the IEA points out, India’s emissions have grown, but per capita they remain less than 40% of the global average. Equity among nations is therefore at the centre of the discussion on energy emissions, and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities is central to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Reassuring as this may be, the universal challenge of climate change has grown to such proportions that urgent action to sharply cut carbon emissions is crucial, and all countries, including India, must act quickly. Intensive measures in key sectors — scaling up renewables to raise their share in the energy mix, greening transport, updating building codes and raising energy efficiency—will help meet the national pledge under the Paris Agreement to cut energy intensity of GDP by 33-35% by 2030, over 2005 levels.

What does the author mean by “common but differentiated responsibilities”?

Passage - 2

It is no surprise that the International Energy Agency found that India’s carbon emissions grew by 4.8% during 2018, in spite of the national focus on climate change in energy policy. There is wide recognition of the fact that Indians are not historically responsible for the problem, and it is the rich nations led by the U.S. that have pumped in the stock of carbon dioxide linked to extreme climate impacts being witnessed around the globe. As the IEA points out, India’s emissions have grown, but per capita they remain less than 40% of the global average. Equity among nations is therefore at the centre of the discussion on energy emissions, and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities is central to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Reassuring as this may be, the universal challenge of climate change has grown to such proportions that urgent action to sharply cut carbon emissions is crucial, and all countries, including India, must act quickly. Intensive measures in key sectors — scaling up renewables to raise their share in the energy mix, greening transport, updating building codes and raising energy efficiency—will help meet the national pledge under the Paris Agreement to cut energy intensity of GDP by 33-35% by 2030, over 2005 levels.

Why would the point about differentiated responsibilities be reassuring in the Indian context?

Passage - 2

It is no surprise that the International Energy Agency found that India’s carbon emissions grew by 4.8% during 2018, in spite of the national focus on climate change in energy policy. There is wide recognition of the fact that Indians are not historically responsible for the problem, and it is the rich nations led by the U.S. that have pumped in the stock of carbon dioxide linked to extreme climate impacts being witnessed around the globe. As the IEA points out, India’s emissions have grown, but per capita they remain less than 40% of the global average. Equity among nations is therefore at the centre of the discussion on energy emissions, and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities is central to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Reassuring as this may be, the universal challenge of climate change has grown to such proportions that urgent action to sharply cut carbon emissions is crucial, and all countries, including India, must act quickly. Intensive measures in key sectors — scaling up renewables to raise their share in the energy mix, greening transport, updating building codes and raising energy efficiency—will help meet the national pledge under the Paris Agreement to cut energy intensity of GDP by 33-35% by 2030, over 2005 levels.

Which of the following choice most accurately lists the tone of the author in the passage?

Passage - 3

In the late nineteen-sixties, Carolyn Weisz, a four-year- old with long brown hair, was invited into a "game room" at the Bing Nursery School, on the campus of Stanford University. The room was little more than a large closet, containing a desk and a chair. Carolyn was asked to sit down in the chair and pick a treat from a tray of marshmallows, cookies, and pretzel sticks. Carolyn chose the marshmallow. Although she's now forty-four, Carolyn still has a weakness for those air-puffed balls of corn syrup and gelatine. "I know I shouldn't like them," she says. "But they're just so delicious!" A researcher then made Carolyn an offer: she could either eat one marshmallow right away or, if she was willing to wait while he stepped out for a few minutes, she could have two marshmallows when he returned. He said that if she rang a bell on the desk while he was away he would come running back, and she could eat one marshmallow but would forfeit the second. Then he left the room.

What could have been the purpose of the experiment mentioned above?

Passage - 3

In the late nineteen-sixties, Carolyn Weisz, a four-year- old with long brown hair, was invited into a "game room" at the Bing Nursery School, on the campus of Stanford University. The room was little more than a large closet, containing a desk and a chair. Carolyn was asked to sit down in the chair and pick a treat from a tray of marshmallows, cookies, and pretzel sticks. Carolyn chose the marshmallow. Although she's now forty-four, Carolyn still has a weakness for those air-puffed balls of corn syrup and gelatine. "I know I shouldn't like them," she says. "But they're just so delicious!" A researcher then made Carolyn an offer: she could either eat one marshmallow right away or, if she was willing to wait while he stepped out for a few minutes, she could have two marshmallows when he returned. He said that if she rang a bell on the desk while he was away he would come running back, and she could eat one marshmallow but would forfeit the second. Then he left the room.

Which of the following would be the most irrational decision taken by the child?

Passage - 3

In the late nineteen-sixties, Carolyn Weisz, a four-year- old with long brown hair, was invited into a "game room" at the Bing Nursery School, on the campus of Stanford University. The room was little more than a large closet, containing a desk and a chair. Carolyn was asked to sit down in the chair and pick a treat from a tray of marshmallows, cookies, and pretzel sticks. Carolyn chose the marshmallow. Although she's now forty-four, Carolyn still has a weakness for those air-puffed balls of corn syrup and gelatine. "I know I shouldn't like them," she says. "But they're just so delicious!" A researcher then made Carolyn an offer: she could either eat one marshmallow right away or, if she was willing to wait while he stepped out for a few minutes, she could have two marshmallows when he returned. He said that if she rang a bell on the desk while he was away he would come running back, and she could eat one marshmallow but would forfeit the second. Then he left the room.

Which of the following is NOT an assumption implicit in the research methodology to give the subject the decision making power?

Passage - 3

In the late nineteen-sixties, Carolyn Weisz, a four-year- old with long brown hair, was invited into a "game room" at the Bing Nursery School, on the campus of Stanford University. The room was little more than a large closet, containing a desk and a chair. Carolyn was asked to sit down in the chair and pick a treat from a tray of marshmallows, cookies, and pretzel sticks. Carolyn chose the marshmallow. Although she's now forty-four, Carolyn still has a weakness for those air-puffed balls of corn syrup and gelatine. "I know I shouldn't like them," she says. "But they're just so delicious!" A researcher then made Carolyn an offer: she could either eat one marshmallow right away or, if she was willing to wait while he stepped out for a few minutes, she could have two marshmallows when he returned. He said that if she rang a bell on the desk while he was away he would come running back, and she could eat one marshmallow but would forfeit the second. Then he left the room.

Which of the following cannot be a valid criticism of the experiment?

Passage - 3

In the late nineteen-sixties, Carolyn Weisz, a four-year- old with long brown hair, was invited into a "game room" at the Bing Nursery School, on the campus of Stanford University. The room was little more than a large closet, containing a desk and a chair. Carolyn was asked to sit down in the chair and pick a treat from a tray of marshmallows, cookies, and pretzel sticks. Carolyn chose the marshmallow. Although she's now forty-four, Carolyn still has a weakness for those air-puffed balls of corn syrup and gelatine. "I know I shouldn't like them," she says. "But they're just so delicious!" A researcher then made Carolyn an offer: she could either eat one marshmallow right away or, if she was willing to wait while he stepped out for a few minutes, she could have two marshmallows when he returned. He said that if she rang a bell on the desk while he was away he would come running back, and she could eat one marshmallow but would forfeit the second. Then he left the room.

Which of the following is the most unlikely outcome of the experiment that was conducted on over 100 children?

Passage - 4

UNRELATED THOUGHTS? NOT in America, where the health of the national economy is critically dependent on having all of us spend as much as we can to keep struggling retailers afloat, create jobs and generate capital. Consumption is such a vital part of the American economy it long ago superseded good old-fashioned manufacturing that the most closely watched economic indicator is something called consumer confidence, a vague notion that probably can't even be measured accurately. Whenever consumer confidence plunges, as it did after the great Internet bust of 2000 or after the September 11 attacks, government officials are sent scurrying to the airwaves to say there's no reason to panic so long as everyone does his patriotic duty and shops. Remember how New York's mayor, Rudolph Giuliani, responded when asked how Americans could help New York in the days just after the attacks? He didn't say, donate to the Red Cross, or Go to church and pray for our wounded city. He told them to come to New York and spend money.

What can be the appropriate title for the passage given above?

Passage - 4

UNRELATED THOUGHTS? NOT in America, where the health of the national economy is critically dependent on having all of us spend as much as we can to keep struggling retailers afloat, create jobs and generate capital. Consumption is such a vital part of the American economy it long ago superseded good old-fashioned manufacturing that the most closely watched economic indicator is something called consumer confidence, a vague notion that probably can't even be measured accurately. Whenever consumer confidence plunges, as it did after the great Internet bust of 2000 or after the September 11 attacks, government officials are sent scurrying to the airwaves to say there's no reason to panic so long as everyone does his patriotic duty and shops. Remember how New York's mayor, Rudolph Giuliani, responded when asked how Americans could help New York in the days just after the attacks? He didn't say, donate to the Red Cross, or Go to church and pray for our wounded city. He told them to come to New York and spend money.

Which of the following can be inferred from the given passage?

Passage - 4

UNRELATED THOUGHTS? NOT in America, where the health of the national economy is critically dependent on having all of us spend as much as we can to keep struggling retailers afloat, create jobs and generate capital. Consumption is such a vital part of the American economy it long ago superseded good old-fashioned manufacturing that the most closely watched economic indicator is something called consumer confidence, a vague notion that probably can't even be measured accurately. Whenever consumer confidence plunges, as it did after the great Internet bust of 2000 or after the September 11 attacks, government officials are sent scurrying to the airwaves to say there's no reason to panic so long as everyone does his patriotic duty and shops. Remember how New York's mayor, Rudolph Giuliani, responded when asked how Americans could help New York in the days just after the attacks? He didn't say, donate to the Red Cross, or Go to church and pray for our wounded city. He told them to come to New York and spend money.

Which of the following will most weaken the author's argument?

Passage - 4

UNRELATED THOUGHTS? NOT in America, where the health of the national economy is critically dependent on having all of us spend as much as we can to keep struggling retailers afloat, create jobs and generate capital. Consumption is such a vital part of the American economy it long ago superseded good old-fashioned manufacturing that the most closely watched economic indicator is something called consumer confidence, a vague notion that probably can't even be measured accurately. Whenever consumer confidence plunges, as it did after the great Internet bust of 2000 or after the September 11 attacks, government officials are sent scurrying to the airwaves to say there's no reason to panic so long as everyone does his patriotic duty and shops. Remember how New York's mayor, Rudolph Giuliani, responded when asked how Americans could help New York in the days just after the attacks? He didn't say, donate to the Red Cross, or Go to church and pray for our wounded city. He told them to come to New York and spend money.

Which of the following can be inferred about Rudolph Giuliani?

Passage - 4

UNRELATED THOUGHTS? NOT in America, where the health of the national economy is critically dependent on having all of us spend as much as we can to keep struggling retailers afloat, create jobs and generate capital. Consumption is such a vital part of the American economy it long ago superseded good old-fashioned manufacturing that the most closely watched economic indicator is something called consumer confidence, a vague notion that probably can't even be measured accurately. Whenever consumer confidence plunges, as it did after the great Internet bust of 2000 or after the September 11 attacks, government officials are sent scurrying to the airwaves to say there's no reason to panic so long as everyone does his patriotic duty and shops. Remember how New York's mayor, Rudolph Giuliani, responded when asked how Americans could help New York in the days just after the attacks? He didn't say, donate to the Red Cross, or Go to church and pray for our wounded city. He told them to come to New York and spend money.

Which of the following best reflect author's attitude towards government propaganda to encourage shopping?

Szymanski suggests that the problem of racism in football may be present even today. He begins by verifying an earlier hypothesis that clubs’ wage bills explain 90 per cent of their performance. Thus, if players’ salaries were to be only based on their abilities, clubs that spend more should finish higher. If there is pay discrimination against some group of players — fewer teams bidding for black players thus lowering the salaries for blacks with the same ability as whites — that neat relation may no longer hold. He concludes that certain clubs seem to have achieved much less than what they could have, by not recruiting black players.

Which one of the following findings would best support Szymanski’s conclusion?

There has been no end of attacks on this particular strategy. Naysayers have contended that the strategy is flawed, that the company will not benefit by taking such a risk, that our financial situation does not warrant the risk involved. These critics need to understand that risk is not necessarily a bad thing. It's complacency that we need to watch out for.

The argument above

Punishment seems to direct child behavior by using pain or unpleasantness. But since it stops bad behavior just for the moment, punishment does not teach your child the behavior you want him to learn.

Which of the following exhibits a pattern of reasoning similar to the one used in the argument above?

In each question below, a statement is given followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.

Statement: Faced with the increasing cases of suicides by school students, state government has decided to ban corporal punishment in schools. The decision has been vehemently protested by by the teachers who feel that the main purpose of the school is to prepare them for the challenges of real world.

Assumptions:
I. Such punishments cause undue stress and embarrassment to students driving some of them to suicide.
II. They make the students more disciplined, preparing them for the intense competition they would face later at the workplace, in an over populated country.

In each question below, a statement is given followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.

Statement: Minority community has been strongly pushing for the ban of the latest movie by the renowned director, known for making movies on social causes.

Assumptions:
I. The movie has an underlying social message.
II. The movie makes several derogatory statements against a minority religious community which has caused deep hurt in that community.

Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

Six persons - Sameer, Manish, Keshav, Ramesh, Harish and Deepak - went for a picnic along with their wives Shalini, Monika, Kareena, Ritika, Heena and Divya (not necessarily in the same order). Exactly two couples traveled in one car. Also, husband's name cannot start with the same alphabet as that of his wife's name. It is also given that:
(i) Keshav is not married to Shalini and Ramesh is not married to Divya.
(ii) Manish is married to Kareena and Harish is married to Monika.
(iii) Manish and Heena traveled in the same car.
(iv) Ramesh and Divya traveled in the same car.
(v) Sameer and Monika traveled in the same car.

Manish and Heena traveled with whom in the same car?

Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

Six persons - Sameer, Manish, Keshav, Ramesh, Harish and Deepak - went for a picnic along with their wives Shalini, Monika, Kareena, Ritika, Heena and Divya (not necessarily in the same order). Exactly two couples traveled in one car. Also, husband's name cannot start with the same alphabet as that of his wife's name. It is also given that:
(i) Keshav is not married to Shalini and Ramesh is not married to Divya.
(ii) Manish is married to Kareena and Harish is married to Monika.
(iii) Manish and Heena traveled in the same car.
(iv) Ramesh and Divya traveled in the same car.
(v) Sameer and Monika traveled in the same car.

Which of the following is the correct combination of a husband and wife?

Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

Six persons - Sameer, Manish, Keshav, Ramesh, Harish and Deepak - went for a picnic along with their wives Shalini, Monika, Kareena, Ritika, Heena and Divya (not necessarily in the same order). Exactly two couples traveled in one car. Also, husband's name cannot start with the same alphabet as that of his wife's name. It is also given that:
(i) Keshav is not married to Shalini and Ramesh is not married to Divya.
(ii) Manish is married to Kareena and Harish is married to Monika.
(iii) Manish and Heena traveled in the same car.
(iv) Ramesh and Divya traveled in the same car.
(v) Sameer and Monika traveled in the same car.

Which of the following persons traveled in the same car?

Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below. Point U is 20 m to the south of point R which is 9 m to the east of point P. Point T is 15 m to the north of point P which is 20 m to the east of point S. Point V is 35 m to the north of point Q which is 21 m to the west of point U.

How far and in which direction is point V with respect to point S?

Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below. Point U is 20 m to the south of point R which is 9 m to the east of point P. Point T is 15 m to the north of point P which is 20 m to the east of point S. Point V is 35 m to the north of point Q which is 21 m to the west of point U.

How far and in which direction is point Q with respect to point T?