Grade 12 Economics SyllabusGrade 12 Economic Reasoning- Introduction to economic reasoning and its importance
- Basic economic concepts and principles
- Decision-making at the individual and societal level
- Understanding economic trade-offs and opportunity costs
- Analyzing economic behavior and its impact on markets
Grade 12 Demand- Definition and factors influencing demand
- Law of demand and its exceptions
- Elasticity of demand and its significance
- Demand forecasting techniques
- Market demand and its determinants
Grade 12 Supply- Definition and factors influencing supply
- Law of supply and its exceptions
- Elasticity of supply and its significance
- Supply forecasting techniques
- Market supply and its determinants
Grade 12 Price- Supply and demand interaction and price determination
- Price elasticity of demand and supply
- Price controls and their effects
- Price discrimination and its implications
- Factors influencing price fluctuations
Grade 12 GDP- Understanding Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
- Measurement and calculation of GDP
- Components of GDP
- GDP as an indicator of economic growth
- Limitations of GDP as a measure of economic well-being
Grade 12 Unemployment- Types and causes of unemployment
- Measurement and calculation of unemployment rate
- Impacts of unemployment on individuals and the economy
- Policies to reduce unemployment
- Relationship between inflation and unemployment
Grade 12 Inflation- Definition and causes of inflation
- Measurement and calculation of inflation rate
- Effects of inflation on individuals and the economy
- Types of inflation and their implications
- Policies to control inflation
Grade 12 Production and Costs- Concepts of production and production possibilities
- Factors of production and their role in production
- Cost concepts and analysis
- Short-run and long-run production decisions
- Economies of scale and their effects on costs
Grade 12 Analysis of Markets- Market structures (perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, monopoly)
- Price determination in different market structures
- Market failures and their causes
- Role of government in promoting competition and regulating markets
- Consumer and producer surplus analysis
Grade 12 Economic Instability and Fiscal Policy- Business cycles and economic fluctuations
- Causes and consequences of recessions and expansions
- Fiscal policy and its tools (government spending, taxation, and borrowing)
- Role of fiscal policy in stabilizing the economy
- Challenges and limitations of fiscal policy
Grade 12 Money, Banking, and Monetary Policy- Functions and characteristics of money
- Banking system and its role in the economy
- Central banking and monetary policy tools
- Money supply and its determinants
- Impacts of monetary policy on inflation, employment, and economic growth
Grade 12 International Trade, Finance, and Economic Growth- Benefits and costs of international trade
- Trade barriers and their effects on economies
- Exchange rates and their determination
- Balance of payments and current account deficits/surpluses
- Relationship between international trade, financial flows, and economic growth
Note: This syllabus is designed for Grade 12 Economics course. It covers various topics related to economic reasoning, demand, supply, price, GDP, unemployment, inflation, production and costs, analysis of markets, economic instability and fiscal policy, money, banking and monetary policy, and international trade, finance, and economic growth. The syllabus aims to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of economic concepts, principles, and their real-world applications.
This course is helpful for the following exams: Grade 12