The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 divided the non-Christian world between which two countries?

Portugal and Spain

True or False: The fall of Constantinople in 1453 allowed for increased trade routes between Europe and India.

False. The fall of Constantinople led to a decline in direct contact and made the Red Sea trade route a lucrative monopoly for Islamic rulers.

Fill in the blank: The Portuguese exploration was significantly promoted by ___, known as the 'Navigator.'

Prince Henry

What was the impact of the Renaissance on European trade with India in the 15th century?

The Renaissance led to increased prosperity and demand for oriental luxury goods, which spurred exploration and trade with India.

Fill in the blanks: After the decline of the Roman Empire, the Arabs established dominance in ___ and ___, affecting trade with India.

Egypt and Persia

True or False: The Treaty of Tordesillas allowed Spain to claim all territories east of the Atlantic line.

False. The Treaty allowed Portugal to claim territories east of the line, while Spain claimed everything west.

The Blue Water Policy advocated for the establishment of a territorial empire in India. True or False?

False. The Blue Water Policy opposed the establishment of a territorial empire in India, favoring maritime supremacy and commercial activities.

Fill in the blank: King Ferdinand I of Portugal appointed a governor in India for a duration of ___ years.

Three

What was the primary goal of Francisco de Almeida's appointment as governor in India?

To strengthen Portuguese positions in India and obliterate the Muslim trade.

Fill in the blank: Upon arrival at Cochin, Almeida discovered that Portuguese traders at Quilon had been ___.

Massacred

True or False: Francisco de Almeida was responsible for the conquest of Aden, Hormuz, and Malacca to protect Portuguese interests.

True.

What was the significance of the six ships sent to attack Quilon’s harbor?

They were sent to retaliate against the massacre of Portuguese traders by sinking Calicut boats.

Fill in the blank: Only ___ ships left when Francisco de Almeida arrived at Cochin.

Eight

Francisco de Almeida was succeeded by ___ as the Portuguese Viceroy in India.

Afonso de Albuquerque

True or False: Goa was initially under the control of the Portuguese before it became their main settlement in India.

False. Goa was taken from the Sultan of Bijapur by Francisco de Almeida in 1510.

The Portuguese established a factory at Calicut in ___ after negotiations with local rulers.

September 1500

Fill in the blank: The primary aim of Francisco de Almeida's policy in India was to establish Portuguese ___ in the Indian Ocean region.

Maritime dominance

What significant role did Afonso de Albuquerque play in Portuguese expansion in India?

He became the Viceroy and focused on consolidating Portuguese power and influence, particularly through military conquests and establishing strongholds.

True or False: Vasco da Gama arrived at Calicut without any local guidance.

False. He was led by a Gujarati pilot named Abdul Majid.

Fill in the blank: The Portuguese aimed to destroy Muslim trade by targeting key locations such as ___ and ___.

Aden and Ormuz

The Portuguese established their first territory in India by securing the island of ___ from Bahadur Shah of Gujarat.

Bassein

True or False: The Portuguese maintained a tolerant religious policy towards Muslims in India.

False. The Portuguese were intolerant toward Muslims and had a zeal to promote Christianity.

What significant shift occurred in 1535 that impacted Portuguese power in India?

Bahadur Shah ceded the island of Bassein to the Portuguese, which marked the beginning of Portuguese territorial control in India.

Fill in the blank: The Portuguese lost their monopoly on trade in India largely due to the rise of the ___ and ___ as significant commercial powers.

Dutch and English

What role did Captain William Hawkins play in the decline of Portuguese influence in India?

He was appointed as a mansabdar by Jahangir, which signified a shift in political alliances away from the Portuguese.

The Portuguese were significant in marking the emergence of ___ power.

Naval

True or False: The Dutch founded their first factory in India in 1605 at Masulipatnam.

True

The Dutch established their principal factories in India at Surat, Bimlipatam, and ___.

Karaikal

True or False: The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 AD resulted in the Dutch retaining control of their possessions in India.

False. The treaty required the Dutch to ensure the transfer of their properties to the British, leading to the loss of all commercial sites in India by 1825.

The climax of the rivalry between the Dutch and the English in the East reached a peak in ___ with the massacre of ten Englishmen and nine Japanese.

Amboyna