Fill in the blank: The two major empires that existed between the birth of Christ and 630 CE were ___ and ___.

Rome and Iran.

What geographical features marked the northern and southern boundaries of the Roman Empire?

The river Rhine and Danube marked the north, while the Sahara desert marked the south.

True or False: The Roman Empire had a homogeneous population with a single culture.

False. The Roman Empire had a diverse population with multiple cultures.

The Roman army was characterized by being a ___ and ___ force.

Paid and professional.

Who was considered a significant figure in the succession to the Roman throne?

Family descent, either natural or adoptive, was decisive.

What was the primary characteristic of the Augustan age?

It was known as the age of peace after internal strife.

Fill in the blank: The vast Roman Empire was controlled through ___ and organized into ___.

Urbanization; provinces.

What role did cities like Carthage and Alexandria play in the Roman Empire?

They were crucial for tax collection and economic organization.

What led to the crisis of the third century in the Roman Empire?

Invasions by Germanic tribes and the rise of the Sasanians contributed to the crisis.

True or False: Women in the Roman Empire had no legal rights regarding property ownership.

False. Women had considerable legal rights to own and manage property.

During which centuries did the Roman Empire experience significant economic expansion?

The first and second centuries.

Fill in the blank: The Roman monetary system faced breakdown due to exhausted ___ mines.

Spanish silver.

What significant change did Emperor Diocletian implement in the Roman Empire's administration?

He fortified frontiers and separated civilian from military functions.

What was the primary economic activity in the Roman Empire regarding trade?

Trade in wheat, wine, and olive oil.

True or False: The Roman Empire introduced labor control techniques that are still used in modern factories.

True. Similar principles of labor control exist today.

What was the status of the Roman aristocracy by the fourth century?

It was expanded and included families of Eastern or African origin.

Fill in the blank: The Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western halves in the ___ century.

Fourth.

How did the expansion of Islam affect the Roman Empire?

Large parts of the Roman Empire fell into the hands of the Arabs.

What characterized the late antiquity period in the Roman Empire?

Significant changes in cultural, economic, and administrative levels.

What was a major distinction between the Roman and Iranian empires?

The Roman Empire had a more diverse population compared to the largely Iranian population under the Parthians and Sasanians.

During which age did Christianity become the official religion of the Roman Empire?

The fourth century.

What type of family structure was prevalent in the Roman Empire?

Nuclear family structure.

What role did the local upper class play in the Roman provinces?

They were involved in administration and tax collection.

True or False: The Roman Empire's bureaucracy was entirely free of corruption.

False. There were issues of corruption in administration.

What was the fate of the Western Roman Empire by the 5th century?

It faced invasions and the establishment of Germanic kingdoms.