Karl Marx's theory emphasizes the importance of ___ in shaping societal structures.

The mode of production

True or False: Emile Durkheim believed that individual actions are solely determined by personal motivations.

False; he argued that social facts influence individual actions.

The concept of 'ideal types' is associated with which sociological thinker?

Max Weber

Fill in the blank: According to Robert K. Merton, ___ functions are the intended and recognized consequences of social processes.

Manifest

What is the significance of 'social action' in Max Weber's sociological framework?

It refers to actions that are meaningful and take into account the actions of others.

Fill in the blank: Talcott Parsons introduced the concept of ___ variables to explain social systems.

Pattern

True or False: Mead's perspective on self and identity emphasizes that these concepts are static and unchanging.

False; Mead believed that self and identity are socially constructed and dynamic.

What does alienation refer to in Karl Marx's theory?

It refers to the separation of individuals from the products of their labor, leading to a loss of control and meaning.

Fill in the blank: The division of labor, as discussed by Emile Durkheim, leads to ___ in society.

Increased specialization

How does Merton differentiate between conformity and deviance?

Conformity is adherence to societal norms, while deviance involves actions that violate those norms.

True or False: Max Weber's concept of bureaucracy is characterized by informal and spontaneous organization.

False; bureaucracy is characterized by formal organizational structures and rules.

What role do reference groups play in Robert K. Merton's theory?

Reference groups serve as benchmarks for individuals to evaluate their own behaviors and attitudes.

Fill in the blank: Durkheim's study of suicide revealed that ___ factors significantly impact individual decisions.

Social

What is the primary focus of Talcott Parsons' sociological theory?

The focus is on understanding the interrelations within a social system and the various roles individuals play.