Migration contributes to gene flow, resulting in ___ of populations over time.

Genetic similarity

True or False: Mutation is the primary source of genetic variation in populations.

True

In the context of natural selection, differential survival and reproduction of genotypes is known as ___ fitness.

Darwinian

What is the formula used to determine the frequency of allele A in a new population after migration?

R = (1 - m)q + mp

Fill in the blank: Selection can lead to an increase in the frequency of alleles with ___ fitness.

Greater

True or False: Random genetic drift has a more pronounced effect on large populations compared to small populations.

False. It has a more pronounced effect on small populations.

Define mutation equilibrium in the context of gene frequencies.

Mutation equilibrium stabilizes allele frequencies.

• Forward and backward mutations balance.

• Allele frequencies remain constant.

• Important for population genetics studies.

Fill in the blank: Inbreeding increases ___ in populations, which can lead to a reduction in overall fitness.

Homozygosity

What role does genetic drift play in the evolution of small populations?

Genetic drift causes random changes in allele frequencies, which can lead to significant evolutionary changes in small populations over generations.

True or False: Artificial selection is a process where human intervention determines the breeding of organisms based on desired traits.

True

Migration is a process that leads to ___ between populations due to gene flow.

Increased genetic similarity

True or False: Mutation is the only source of genetic variation in populations.

False. Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation, but other factors like migration and selection also influence genetic diversity.

In the context of gene frequency, if an allele A has frequency p in the migrant population and q in the original population, the frequency of A in the next generation can be calculated using the formula r = (1 - m)q + mp. This represents the contributions of ___ and ___ to the new population's allele frequency.

The original population and migrant population

What is the term used to describe the differential survival or fertility of different genotypes in a population?

Selection

True or False: Random genetic drift has a greater effect on gene frequencies in larger populations compared to smaller populations.

False. Random genetic drift has a greater effect on gene frequencies in smaller populations due to sampling variation.

Fill in the blank: The fitness of a genotype is measured in terms of the average number of ___ born to the bearers of the genotype.

Offspring

What phenomenon occurs when a rare allele accumulates in a population, potentially leading to a disadvantage?

Mutational load

Fill in the blank: Over dominance occurs when the fitness of the heterozygous genotype is greater than that of both ___ genotypes.

Homozygous

True or False: Inbreeding typically increases the genetic variability within a population.

False. Inbreeding reduces genetic variability as it leads to homozygosity for specific alleles.

Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors does NOT influence gene frequencies in populations? A) Migration B) Mutation C) Random Genetic Drift D) None of the above

D) None of the above