Tribal communities in India mainly rely on forests for ___, ___, and ___ as part of their livelihood.

Food, fuel, and medicine

The constitutional provisions in Schedule V aim to protect the land rights of Scheduled Tribes by prohibiting the transfer of land between ___ and ___.

Tribals and non-tribals

True or False: The Samatha judgment upheld the legality of mining leases to private industries on tribal lands.

False. The Samatha judgment declared such mining leases null and void.

The Sixth Schedule allows Autonomous Districts to make laws related to land, but it permits compulsory acquisition for ___ purposes.

Public

What are the three essential ingredients of the 'eminent domain' principle?

1. Power of the State to take over private land; 2. Exercise of this power for public good; 3. Compensation for those whose lands are acquired.

Fill in the blank: Alienation of land among tribal communities often leads to ___ and enforced migration.

Displacement

True or False: The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 was enacted to reduce the impact of land acquisition on tribal communities.

True

What legal mechanism is used to acquire private land for public purposes in India?

The Land Acquisition Act of 1894, based on the concept of 'eminent domain.'

Acquisition of land by the State for public purpose under the principle of ‘eminent domain’ often leads to ___ of tribal communities.

Displacement

True or False: Tribal communities are entitled to compensation when their land is acquired for development projects.

False; tribal communities are often not entitled to compensation.

The illegal alienation of tribal land often involves the participation of ___ and ___ officials.

Revenue functionaries and government

Fill in the blank: State laws are often amended to facilitate ___ of tribal communities' lands.

Land alienation

What impact does the creation of National Parks have on tribal communities?

It results in alienation of rights and forced displacement.

True or False: Encroachment of tribal land by immigrants does not contribute to the displacement of tribal communities.

False; encroachment by immigrants contributes significantly to displacement.

Fill in the blank: Community lands of tribal societies are often recorded as ___ in survey operations.

Government land

What are some characteristics of tribal society that aggravate the impact of involuntary displacement?

Lack of legal recognition of communal land, inadequate compensation frameworks, and vulnerability to socio-economic changes.

The loss of land for tribal communities results in cultural impoverishment and loss of ___ and ___.

Identity and livelihood

True or False: Under the 2013 Right to Fair Compensation Act, displaced tribal individuals are guaranteed compensation regardless of legal ownership documents.

False. Many displaced tribal people are deprived of compensation due to lack of legal documents proving ownership.

What is a significant issue with the definition of 'public purpose' in land acquisition laws?

The definition is very broad, leading to increased acquisition and displacement of tribal lands.

The principle of ‘eminent domain’ has been interpreted to favor ___ and ___ over the rights of tribal communities.

Industrialization and urbanization