The two main processes that shape landforms are ___ and ___.

Internal process and external process

True or False: Erosion is the process that involves the rebuilding of a lowered land surface.

False; Erosion involves the wearing away of the earth's surface, while deposition involves rebuilding.

What are the three types of faults formed due to tectonic forces?

Normal faults, reverse faults, and strike-slip faults

Fill in the blank: ___ landforms are created primarily by the action of wind.

Aeolian

How does a V-shaped valley form during the youth stage of a river?

A V-shaped valley forms due to vertical erosion that occurs faster than lateral erosion, primarily in mountainous regions.

True or False: Oxbow lakes are formed through the deposition of sand on the convex side of a river meander.

False
Oxbow lakes form when a river meander is cut off from the main channel due to erosion on the concave side and deposition on the convex side, isolating the meander as a lake.

What is the significance of a floodplain in the context of river ecosystems?

A floodplain is important as it renews soil nutrients through flooding, making it fertile for agriculture and supporting diverse ecosystems.

Fill in the blank: The presence of ___ indicates the occurrence of differential erosion in karst landscapes.

Demoiselles

What is a delta, and how does it form?

A delta is a landform created at the mouth of a river where sediment carried by the river is deposited as it meets a body of water.

True or False: A hanging valley is formed when a glacier fills a former river valley and leaves tributary valleys at a lower elevation.

False; A hanging valley is left at a higher elevation than the main valley after the glacier erodes.

What role do glaciers play in forming U-shaped valleys?

Glaciers carve U-shaped valleys through the process of glacial erosion, which differs from V-shaped valleys formed by river erosion.

Fill in the blank: The process of ___ involves the movement of water, ice, and wind in shaping the land surface.

Erosion

What is a moraine, and how does it contribute to glacial landforms?

A moraine is an accumulation of debris deposited by a glacier, which can form distinct landforms such as lateral and terminal moraines.

True or False: Karst topography is formed from the dissolution of impermeable rocks.

False; Karst topography is formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite, and gypsum.

How does a drumlin form, and what does it signify about past glacial activity?

A drumlin forms from the deposition of sediments beneath a glacier and indicates the direction of glacier movement.

Fill in the blank: A ___ is a depression formed when water accumulates in a doline.

Doline Lake

What is the difference between stalactites and stalagmites?

Stalactites hang from the ceiling of caves, while stalagmites rise from the ground, both formed by mineral deposits from dripping water.

True or False: Sand dunes are primarily formed through the action of water.

False; Sand dunes are primarily formed through the action of wind.

What are the characteristics of an arcuate delta?

An arcuate delta is typically formed when river deposits are heavier than ocean water, resulting in an outward arc shape.

The processes of erosion and deposition are primarily carried out by which natural forces?

Running water, ice, and wind are the primary natural forces responsible for the processes of erosion and deposition.