What is the primary role of gravity in the formation of the atmosphere?

Gravity pulls air towards the Earth, creating air pressure which helps in the formation of the atmosphere.

Fill in the blank: The troposphere varies in height from ___ km at the poles to ___ km at the equator.

8 km, 16 km

Explain the significance of the stratosphere in aviation.

The stratosphere is free from surface temperature effects and climate activities, making it a stable layer suitable for airplanes.

True or False: The temperature in the ozonosphere decreases with an increase in altitude.

False. In the ozonosphere, the temperature increases with altitude.

What are the main gases that make up the atmosphere and their approximate percentages?

Nitrogen (78.8%), Oxygen (20.95%), Argon (0.93%), Carbon Dioxide (0.036%), Helium (0.0005%), Ozone (0.0000001%).

Riddle: I am the layer where clouds form and storms brew, my height varies with seasons, what am I?

Troposphere

What is the definition of climate in relation to weather?

Climate is the long-term average of weather conditions over a period of 50 to 100 years in a specific area.

Fill in the blank: The movement of air from high pressure to low pressure is called ___.

Wind

Describe the role of the Coriolis force in wind direction.

Coriolis force affects wind direction.

• Causes wind deflection.

• Right in Northern Hemisphere.

• Left in Southern Hemisphere.

True or False: The pressure gradient force is responsible for the rate of change of pressure with respect to distance.

True.

What causes sea breezes and land breezes?

Sea and land breezes are caused by temperature differences.

• Cool air from sea replaces warm air.

• Land cools faster than water at night.

• Breezes help regulate coastal temperatures.

Riddle: I am a wind that changes direction with the seasons, my name comes from an Arabic word meaning 'seasonal wind', what am I?

Monsoon

Explain how jet streams affect weather patterns.

Jet streams, fast-moving winds in the upper atmosphere, influence weather patterns by affecting the movement of air masses and storm systems.

What is the relationship between air pressure and altitude?

Air pressure decreases with an increase in altitude due to the decreasing weight of the air above.

Fill in the blank: The difference in temperature between the highest and lowest recorded temperatures is known as the ___ temperature range.

Atmospheric