What is the primary aim of judicial activism in India?

To safeguard citizens' rights and advance justice by ensuring the legislature and executive fulfill their constitutional obligations.

Who can approach the judiciary through Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India?

Any public-spirited individual or group, even if not directly affected, can file a PIL to seek justice on behalf of others, provided it serves the public interest.

Explain the significance of Article 32 in the context of judicial activism in India.

Article 32 empowers judicial activism.

• Enforces Fundamental Rights directly.

• Encourages citizen engagement in justice.

• Strengthens checks on state power.

True or False: Judicial restraint advocates that judges should actively shape legislation.

False. Judicial restraint emphasizes that judges should interpret laws without creating new legislation.

Fill in the blank: The concept of judicial activism in India began to take shape during the ___ decade.

1970s

What role does the judiciary play in relation to governmental collapse according to judicial activism?

Judiciary protects rights during government failure.

• Judicial intervention is crucial.

• Ensures constitutional adherence.

• Safeguards citizens' fundamental rights.

How does judicial activism differ from judicial review in terms of their impact on policy?

Judicial activism involves proactive judicial decisions that shape or influence policy outcomes, while judicial review primarily focuses on determining whether laws or government actions are constitutional.

Fill in the blank: The Supreme Court's judgment in December 2007 emphasized the need for ___ within the roles of the state branches.

Judicial restraint

True or False: PILs can be filed against private parties in India.

False. PILs are generally filed against state or government bodies, but in some cases, they may be filed against private parties if their actions impact public interest.

What is the primary purpose of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India?

To provide access to justice for marginalized individuals who cannot approach the court for redress.