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1. What was the purpose of the Indian Councils Act of 1861?

Ans. The Indian Councils Act of 1861 was enacted by the British government to introduce a limited form of representative government in India. It expanded the legislative councils and allowed some Indians to be appointed as non-official members.

2. What were the key provisions of the Indian Councils Act of 1892?

Ans. The Indian Councils Act of 1892 increased the number of elected members in the legislative councils, introduced communal representation for Muslims, and provided for the appointment of Indians as executive councillors.

3. How did the Indian Councils Act of 1909 impact Indian politics?

Ans. The Indian Councils Act of 1909, also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, increased the number of elected Indians in the legislative councils, introduced separate electorates for Muslims, and expanded the council's powers. It aimed to appease Indian demands for greater representation but fell short of full self-government.

4. What was the significance of the Indian Councils Acts in the Indian independence movement?

Ans. The Indian Councils Acts played a significant role in shaping the Indian independence movement. While they provided limited representation for Indians, they also highlighted the need for greater political rights and self-rule. The acts served as catalysts for the Indian National Congress and other nationalist movements to demand full self-government.

5. Did the Indian Councils Acts lead to complete independence for India?

Ans. No, the Indian Councils Acts did not lead to complete independence for India. While they introduced some elements of representative government, they fell short of granting Indians full self-rule. The acts were stepping stones in the larger struggle for independence, which was achieved in 1947 with the Indian Independence Act.

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