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Lecture 5  
Banking Sector
Capstone IAS Learning
Page 2


Lecture 5  
Banking Sector
Capstone IAS Learning
What will we cover
The concept of banking 
Brief history of banking in India 
Types of Banks in India 
Various important terms associated with 
banking in India. 
Shadow Banks/NBFCs 
Banking Sector Reforms
Page 3


Lecture 5  
Banking Sector
Capstone IAS Learning
What will we cover
The concept of banking 
Brief history of banking in India 
Types of Banks in India 
Various important terms associated with 
banking in India. 
Shadow Banks/NBFCs 
Banking Sector Reforms
Financial Intermediation
Banks Surplus Deficit
4% 6%
Spread = 2%
Apart from banks NBFCs also take part in financial 
intermediation.
Savings
Investment
Liabilities Assets
Page 4


Lecture 5  
Banking Sector
Capstone IAS Learning
What will we cover
The concept of banking 
Brief history of banking in India 
Types of Banks in India 
Various important terms associated with 
banking in India. 
Shadow Banks/NBFCs 
Banking Sector Reforms
Financial Intermediation
Banks Surplus Deficit
4% 6%
Spread = 2%
Apart from banks NBFCs also take part in financial 
intermediation.
Savings
Investment
Liabilities Assets
A bank is a financial institution which 
performs the deposit and lending function. 
A bank acts as an intermediary between the 
saver and the borrower/investor, and that is 
why banks are called financial 
intermediaries. 
The banking sector has 3 major functions: 
-
Mobilisation of savings 
-
Allocation of savings to investment 
-
Operation of payment system 
Page 5


Lecture 5  
Banking Sector
Capstone IAS Learning
What will we cover
The concept of banking 
Brief history of banking in India 
Types of Banks in India 
Various important terms associated with 
banking in India. 
Shadow Banks/NBFCs 
Banking Sector Reforms
Financial Intermediation
Banks Surplus Deficit
4% 6%
Spread = 2%
Apart from banks NBFCs also take part in financial 
intermediation.
Savings
Investment
Liabilities Assets
A bank is a financial institution which 
performs the deposit and lending function. 
A bank acts as an intermediary between the 
saver and the borrower/investor, and that is 
why banks are called financial 
intermediaries. 
The banking sector has 3 major functions: 
-
Mobilisation of savings 
-
Allocation of savings to investment 
-
Operation of payment system 
Functions of Banks
Primary  
Functions
Secondary 
Functions
Granting 
Advances
Accepting 
Deposits
Agency 
Functions
Utility 
Functions
Fund transfer 
Cheque collection 
Portfolio management 
Etc.
Lockers 
Utility bills 
Social welfare 
   Programmes 
Etc.
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FAQs on PPT: Banking Sector - Indian Economy for UPSC CSE

1. What is the role of the banking sector in the economy?
Ans. The banking sector plays a crucial role in the economy by providing financial services, such as accepting deposits, granting loans, and facilitating transactions. It mobilizes savings from individuals and businesses and channels them towards investments and economic activities, contributing to economic growth.
2. How are banks regulated in the banking sector?
Ans. Banks are regulated in the banking sector through various measures. Government regulatory bodies, such as central banks and financial authorities, enforce regulations and monitor the activities of banks to ensure their stability and compliance with laws. This includes setting capital requirements, conducting regular audits, and supervising the overall functioning of banks.
3. What are the different types of banks in the banking sector?
Ans. The banking sector consists of various types of banks, including commercial banks, investment banks, central banks, and cooperative banks. Commercial banks primarily deal with deposits and lending to individuals and businesses, while investment banks focus on providing financial services to corporations and governments. Central banks are responsible for monetary policy and regulating the banking system, while cooperative banks are owned and operated by their members.
4. How do banks assess creditworthiness before granting loans?
Ans. Banks assess creditworthiness before granting loans by analyzing various factors. This includes evaluating the borrower's credit history, income stability, debt-to-income ratio, and collateral (if applicable). They may also consider the purpose of the loan and the borrower's financial standing. This assessment helps banks determine the level of risk associated with the loan and make informed decisions on whether to approve or reject the loan application.
5. How do banks ensure the security of customer's funds in the banking sector?
Ans. Banks employ various security measures to ensure the safety of customer funds in the banking sector. This includes implementing secure online banking platforms and using encryption technology to protect customer data and transactions. Banks also have insurance coverage, such as deposit insurance schemes, to safeguard customer funds in case of bank failures. Additionally, banks have robust internal control systems and carry out regular audits to detect and prevent fraudulent activities and unauthorized access to customer accounts.
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