Page 1
The Hindu Analysis: 3 May 2020
1. Ministry wants Aarogya Setu app made
disabled-friendly
Context:
? Usage of Aarogya Setu app.
Background:
? Downloading the Aarogya Setu app has been made mandatory for all
government staff by the Department of Personnel and Training.
? The Union Home Ministry has also made it mandatory for all employees in
the public and private sectors.
Details:
? In the light of the Aarogya Setu app being not accessible to persons
with disabilities (PwD), particularly those with hearing and visual
challenges, the Social Justice Ministry’s Department of Empowerment of
PwD (DEPwD) has written to the Ministry of Electronics and Information
Technology (MeitY) and the app developer, the National Informatics
Centre (NIC).
? The inaccessibility of the app amounts to a violation of the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.
Suggestions:
? For persons with visual impairment, provision for audio guide for
navigation, audio description of colour used, need to be incorporated.
? The Aarogya Setu app needs to have a separate section with specific
information for persons with hearing impairment with sign language
interpretation.
2. USCIRF report may prompt concerns
Context:
? The US Commission of International Religious Freedom’s (USCIRF) latest
report places India in the “Countries of Particular Concern” list.
Background:
? The Office of International Religious Freedom (IRF) in the State
Department and the USCIRF were created by the American International
Religious Freedom Act of 1998.
Page 2
The Hindu Analysis: 3 May 2020
1. Ministry wants Aarogya Setu app made
disabled-friendly
Context:
? Usage of Aarogya Setu app.
Background:
? Downloading the Aarogya Setu app has been made mandatory for all
government staff by the Department of Personnel and Training.
? The Union Home Ministry has also made it mandatory for all employees in
the public and private sectors.
Details:
? In the light of the Aarogya Setu app being not accessible to persons
with disabilities (PwD), particularly those with hearing and visual
challenges, the Social Justice Ministry’s Department of Empowerment of
PwD (DEPwD) has written to the Ministry of Electronics and Information
Technology (MeitY) and the app developer, the National Informatics
Centre (NIC).
? The inaccessibility of the app amounts to a violation of the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.
Suggestions:
? For persons with visual impairment, provision for audio guide for
navigation, audio description of colour used, need to be incorporated.
? The Aarogya Setu app needs to have a separate section with specific
information for persons with hearing impairment with sign language
interpretation.
2. USCIRF report may prompt concerns
Context:
? The US Commission of International Religious Freedom’s (USCIRF) latest
report places India in the “Countries of Particular Concern” list.
Background:
? The Office of International Religious Freedom (IRF) in the State
Department and the USCIRF were created by the American International
Religious Freedom Act of 1998.
Details:
Indian government’s response:
? The Indian government has unequivocally dismissed the USCIRF’s latest
report, claiming that it had no locus standi or official standing in India’s
domestic matters.
? The government’s stand is consistent with its policy on the USCIRF,
which it has refused to cooperate with, and has disallowed its officials
to visit India since 2009.
Concerns:
? The USCIRF has recommended that India be put on the CPC list by the
State Department, which is due to publish its annual report on religious
freedom in the coming weeks.
? Such a designation would have a significant effect, as it could bring
punitive actions.
? According to International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 of the U.S., the
President is obligated to take one of 15 possible actions, ranging from a
demarche to cancellation of bilateral exchanges, to travel sanctions
against specified officials, within 3-6 months.
Conclusion:
? The U.S. State department hasn’t always followed the USCIRF’s
recommendations and has followed its own procedure to designate
states. The USCIRF’s recommendations are non-binding on the State
Department.
3. No country for migrant workers
Context:
? Issue of migrant workers in other countries.
Concerns:
Migrant workers:
? In the face of lockdowns in many countries there has been a drastic
decline in the wages and employment of migrant workers. This severely
impacts the financial position of the migrant workers who live on
subsistence wages.
? Many of the migrant workers from the south Asian region working in
other parts of the world are having limited access to healthcare. There
have been reports of increasing infections among the stranded
migrants.
? Given the uncertainty due to the crisis, the prospects of future
Page 3
The Hindu Analysis: 3 May 2020
1. Ministry wants Aarogya Setu app made
disabled-friendly
Context:
? Usage of Aarogya Setu app.
Background:
? Downloading the Aarogya Setu app has been made mandatory for all
government staff by the Department of Personnel and Training.
? The Union Home Ministry has also made it mandatory for all employees in
the public and private sectors.
Details:
? In the light of the Aarogya Setu app being not accessible to persons
with disabilities (PwD), particularly those with hearing and visual
challenges, the Social Justice Ministry’s Department of Empowerment of
PwD (DEPwD) has written to the Ministry of Electronics and Information
Technology (MeitY) and the app developer, the National Informatics
Centre (NIC).
? The inaccessibility of the app amounts to a violation of the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.
Suggestions:
? For persons with visual impairment, provision for audio guide for
navigation, audio description of colour used, need to be incorporated.
? The Aarogya Setu app needs to have a separate section with specific
information for persons with hearing impairment with sign language
interpretation.
2. USCIRF report may prompt concerns
Context:
? The US Commission of International Religious Freedom’s (USCIRF) latest
report places India in the “Countries of Particular Concern” list.
Background:
? The Office of International Religious Freedom (IRF) in the State
Department and the USCIRF were created by the American International
Religious Freedom Act of 1998.
Details:
Indian government’s response:
? The Indian government has unequivocally dismissed the USCIRF’s latest
report, claiming that it had no locus standi or official standing in India’s
domestic matters.
? The government’s stand is consistent with its policy on the USCIRF,
which it has refused to cooperate with, and has disallowed its officials
to visit India since 2009.
Concerns:
? The USCIRF has recommended that India be put on the CPC list by the
State Department, which is due to publish its annual report on religious
freedom in the coming weeks.
? Such a designation would have a significant effect, as it could bring
punitive actions.
? According to International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 of the U.S., the
President is obligated to take one of 15 possible actions, ranging from a
demarche to cancellation of bilateral exchanges, to travel sanctions
against specified officials, within 3-6 months.
Conclusion:
? The U.S. State department hasn’t always followed the USCIRF’s
recommendations and has followed its own procedure to designate
states. The USCIRF’s recommendations are non-binding on the State
Department.
3. No country for migrant workers
Context:
? Issue of migrant workers in other countries.
Concerns:
Migrant workers:
? In the face of lockdowns in many countries there has been a drastic
decline in the wages and employment of migrant workers. This severely
impacts the financial position of the migrant workers who live on
subsistence wages.
? Many of the migrant workers from the south Asian region working in
other parts of the world are having limited access to healthcare. There
have been reports of increasing infections among the stranded
migrants.
? Given the uncertainty due to the crisis, the prospects of future
employment appear bleak. This might force the migrant workers to
undertake reverse migration.
Effect on source countries:
? Global remittances are projected to decline sharply by about 20% due to
the economic crisis induced by COVID-19. This would badly impact many
economies which are largely dependent on remittances to keep up
economic growth momentum.
¦ A recent World Bank report notes that the remittances to low-
and middle-income countries may fall by 19.7% to $445 billion,
representing a loss of a crucial financing lifeline for many
vulnerable households.
¦ Remittances to Bangladesh and other South Asian nations are
forecast to decline by 22% to $109 billion in 2020.
? The growing pressure on the source countries to evacuate their citizens
would pose a challenge.
? The possibility of permanent reverse migration would necessitate
governmental aid and resources for the migrant workers and would
also strain the labour market.
Way forward:
? As countries respond to the COVID-19 crisis, there is a strong case for
supporting the migrant workforce, which is vital to many economies.
? The government should support stranded migrants and their access to
health, housing, and other social services, and offer incentives to
reduce the cost of remittance services.
4. NIAB develops portable coronavirus
detection kit
Context:
? Development of testing kits.
Backgound:
? The Health Ministry had set itself the target of being able to produce
RT-PCR and antibody test kits domestically by the end of May 2020.
Details:
? Researchers from the National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB),
Hyderabad, have developed a biosensor that can detect the novel
coronavirus in saliva samples.
¦ Previously, biosensors have been used across the world to detect
Page 4
The Hindu Analysis: 3 May 2020
1. Ministry wants Aarogya Setu app made
disabled-friendly
Context:
? Usage of Aarogya Setu app.
Background:
? Downloading the Aarogya Setu app has been made mandatory for all
government staff by the Department of Personnel and Training.
? The Union Home Ministry has also made it mandatory for all employees in
the public and private sectors.
Details:
? In the light of the Aarogya Setu app being not accessible to persons
with disabilities (PwD), particularly those with hearing and visual
challenges, the Social Justice Ministry’s Department of Empowerment of
PwD (DEPwD) has written to the Ministry of Electronics and Information
Technology (MeitY) and the app developer, the National Informatics
Centre (NIC).
? The inaccessibility of the app amounts to a violation of the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.
Suggestions:
? For persons with visual impairment, provision for audio guide for
navigation, audio description of colour used, need to be incorporated.
? The Aarogya Setu app needs to have a separate section with specific
information for persons with hearing impairment with sign language
interpretation.
2. USCIRF report may prompt concerns
Context:
? The US Commission of International Religious Freedom’s (USCIRF) latest
report places India in the “Countries of Particular Concern” list.
Background:
? The Office of International Religious Freedom (IRF) in the State
Department and the USCIRF were created by the American International
Religious Freedom Act of 1998.
Details:
Indian government’s response:
? The Indian government has unequivocally dismissed the USCIRF’s latest
report, claiming that it had no locus standi or official standing in India’s
domestic matters.
? The government’s stand is consistent with its policy on the USCIRF,
which it has refused to cooperate with, and has disallowed its officials
to visit India since 2009.
Concerns:
? The USCIRF has recommended that India be put on the CPC list by the
State Department, which is due to publish its annual report on religious
freedom in the coming weeks.
? Such a designation would have a significant effect, as it could bring
punitive actions.
? According to International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 of the U.S., the
President is obligated to take one of 15 possible actions, ranging from a
demarche to cancellation of bilateral exchanges, to travel sanctions
against specified officials, within 3-6 months.
Conclusion:
? The U.S. State department hasn’t always followed the USCIRF’s
recommendations and has followed its own procedure to designate
states. The USCIRF’s recommendations are non-binding on the State
Department.
3. No country for migrant workers
Context:
? Issue of migrant workers in other countries.
Concerns:
Migrant workers:
? In the face of lockdowns in many countries there has been a drastic
decline in the wages and employment of migrant workers. This severely
impacts the financial position of the migrant workers who live on
subsistence wages.
? Many of the migrant workers from the south Asian region working in
other parts of the world are having limited access to healthcare. There
have been reports of increasing infections among the stranded
migrants.
? Given the uncertainty due to the crisis, the prospects of future
employment appear bleak. This might force the migrant workers to
undertake reverse migration.
Effect on source countries:
? Global remittances are projected to decline sharply by about 20% due to
the economic crisis induced by COVID-19. This would badly impact many
economies which are largely dependent on remittances to keep up
economic growth momentum.
¦ A recent World Bank report notes that the remittances to low-
and middle-income countries may fall by 19.7% to $445 billion,
representing a loss of a crucial financing lifeline for many
vulnerable households.
¦ Remittances to Bangladesh and other South Asian nations are
forecast to decline by 22% to $109 billion in 2020.
? The growing pressure on the source countries to evacuate their citizens
would pose a challenge.
? The possibility of permanent reverse migration would necessitate
governmental aid and resources for the migrant workers and would
also strain the labour market.
Way forward:
? As countries respond to the COVID-19 crisis, there is a strong case for
supporting the migrant workforce, which is vital to many economies.
? The government should support stranded migrants and their access to
health, housing, and other social services, and offer incentives to
reduce the cost of remittance services.
4. NIAB develops portable coronavirus
detection kit
Context:
? Development of testing kits.
Backgound:
? The Health Ministry had set itself the target of being able to produce
RT-PCR and antibody test kits domestically by the end of May 2020.
Details:
? Researchers from the National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB),
Hyderabad, have developed a biosensor that can detect the novel
coronavirus in saliva samples.
¦ Previously, biosensors have been used across the world to detect
toxins, narcotic drugs, and are also considered as a reliable tool
to detect infectious diseases.
Mode of functioning:
? The new portable device named eCovSens consists of a carbon electrode
and the coronavirus antibody.
? The antibody is capable of binding with the spike protein found on the
outer layer of the virus. An electrical signal is generated when the
antigen and antibody binds.
? Electrical components in the device further amplify this signal, process
it, convert it to digital readings on an LCD display.
? The signal’s intensity was found to be proportional to the concentration
of the antigen in the sample.
Significance:
? The device can be battery-operated as it uses very low voltage of 1.3V to
3V.
? The device is portable and can be taken to the bedside of the patient
too.
? The device is stable and when built in bulk can drastically bring down the
cost of testing.
5. When will a COVID-19 vaccine be ready?
Context:
? The Oxford University has initiated phase-1 human clinical trial of its
vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, against the novel coronavirus.
Details:
Vaccine preparation:
? The vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, uses the common cold virus (adenovirus)
that causes infections in chimpanzees.
? The adenovirus has been genetically altered so that it does not grow
once injected.
? The vaccine carries the genetic material of the novel coronavirus that
makes the spike protein. This will help the body recognise the virus
protein and make antibodies against the spike protein.
? The antibodies produced will help mount an immune response and
prevent the virus from entering the human cells and causing an
infection.
Clinical trials:
? The clinical trial will include the study of the safety, ability to produce
Page 5
The Hindu Analysis: 3 May 2020
1. Ministry wants Aarogya Setu app made
disabled-friendly
Context:
? Usage of Aarogya Setu app.
Background:
? Downloading the Aarogya Setu app has been made mandatory for all
government staff by the Department of Personnel and Training.
? The Union Home Ministry has also made it mandatory for all employees in
the public and private sectors.
Details:
? In the light of the Aarogya Setu app being not accessible to persons
with disabilities (PwD), particularly those with hearing and visual
challenges, the Social Justice Ministry’s Department of Empowerment of
PwD (DEPwD) has written to the Ministry of Electronics and Information
Technology (MeitY) and the app developer, the National Informatics
Centre (NIC).
? The inaccessibility of the app amounts to a violation of the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.
Suggestions:
? For persons with visual impairment, provision for audio guide for
navigation, audio description of colour used, need to be incorporated.
? The Aarogya Setu app needs to have a separate section with specific
information for persons with hearing impairment with sign language
interpretation.
2. USCIRF report may prompt concerns
Context:
? The US Commission of International Religious Freedom’s (USCIRF) latest
report places India in the “Countries of Particular Concern” list.
Background:
? The Office of International Religious Freedom (IRF) in the State
Department and the USCIRF were created by the American International
Religious Freedom Act of 1998.
Details:
Indian government’s response:
? The Indian government has unequivocally dismissed the USCIRF’s latest
report, claiming that it had no locus standi or official standing in India’s
domestic matters.
? The government’s stand is consistent with its policy on the USCIRF,
which it has refused to cooperate with, and has disallowed its officials
to visit India since 2009.
Concerns:
? The USCIRF has recommended that India be put on the CPC list by the
State Department, which is due to publish its annual report on religious
freedom in the coming weeks.
? Such a designation would have a significant effect, as it could bring
punitive actions.
? According to International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 of the U.S., the
President is obligated to take one of 15 possible actions, ranging from a
demarche to cancellation of bilateral exchanges, to travel sanctions
against specified officials, within 3-6 months.
Conclusion:
? The U.S. State department hasn’t always followed the USCIRF’s
recommendations and has followed its own procedure to designate
states. The USCIRF’s recommendations are non-binding on the State
Department.
3. No country for migrant workers
Context:
? Issue of migrant workers in other countries.
Concerns:
Migrant workers:
? In the face of lockdowns in many countries there has been a drastic
decline in the wages and employment of migrant workers. This severely
impacts the financial position of the migrant workers who live on
subsistence wages.
? Many of the migrant workers from the south Asian region working in
other parts of the world are having limited access to healthcare. There
have been reports of increasing infections among the stranded
migrants.
? Given the uncertainty due to the crisis, the prospects of future
employment appear bleak. This might force the migrant workers to
undertake reverse migration.
Effect on source countries:
? Global remittances are projected to decline sharply by about 20% due to
the economic crisis induced by COVID-19. This would badly impact many
economies which are largely dependent on remittances to keep up
economic growth momentum.
¦ A recent World Bank report notes that the remittances to low-
and middle-income countries may fall by 19.7% to $445 billion,
representing a loss of a crucial financing lifeline for many
vulnerable households.
¦ Remittances to Bangladesh and other South Asian nations are
forecast to decline by 22% to $109 billion in 2020.
? The growing pressure on the source countries to evacuate their citizens
would pose a challenge.
? The possibility of permanent reverse migration would necessitate
governmental aid and resources for the migrant workers and would
also strain the labour market.
Way forward:
? As countries respond to the COVID-19 crisis, there is a strong case for
supporting the migrant workforce, which is vital to many economies.
? The government should support stranded migrants and their access to
health, housing, and other social services, and offer incentives to
reduce the cost of remittance services.
4. NIAB develops portable coronavirus
detection kit
Context:
? Development of testing kits.
Backgound:
? The Health Ministry had set itself the target of being able to produce
RT-PCR and antibody test kits domestically by the end of May 2020.
Details:
? Researchers from the National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB),
Hyderabad, have developed a biosensor that can detect the novel
coronavirus in saliva samples.
¦ Previously, biosensors have been used across the world to detect
toxins, narcotic drugs, and are also considered as a reliable tool
to detect infectious diseases.
Mode of functioning:
? The new portable device named eCovSens consists of a carbon electrode
and the coronavirus antibody.
? The antibody is capable of binding with the spike protein found on the
outer layer of the virus. An electrical signal is generated when the
antigen and antibody binds.
? Electrical components in the device further amplify this signal, process
it, convert it to digital readings on an LCD display.
? The signal’s intensity was found to be proportional to the concentration
of the antigen in the sample.
Significance:
? The device can be battery-operated as it uses very low voltage of 1.3V to
3V.
? The device is portable and can be taken to the bedside of the patient
too.
? The device is stable and when built in bulk can drastically bring down the
cost of testing.
5. When will a COVID-19 vaccine be ready?
Context:
? The Oxford University has initiated phase-1 human clinical trial of its
vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, against the novel coronavirus.
Details:
Vaccine preparation:
? The vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, uses the common cold virus (adenovirus)
that causes infections in chimpanzees.
? The adenovirus has been genetically altered so that it does not grow
once injected.
? The vaccine carries the genetic material of the novel coronavirus that
makes the spike protein. This will help the body recognise the virus
protein and make antibodies against the spike protein.
? The antibodies produced will help mount an immune response and
prevent the virus from entering the human cells and causing an
infection.
Clinical trials:
? The clinical trial will include the study of the safety, ability to produce
immune response and efficacy of the vaccine.
? The clinical trials will help assess the dosage and immune response to
the vaccine.
Significance:
? The adenovirus construct has been previously used by Oxford University
researchers to test safety for both the 2002 Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), which
have yielded positive results.
¦ The safety of the candidate vaccine has also been tested on six
rhesus macaque monkeys without any noticeable side effects. The
vaccine also yielded effective immune response even against high
levels of virus infection.
? Though the preliminary tests of the vaccine did cause transient side
effects such as a fever, head ache or a sore arm, the vaccine is still
considered safe.
? Oxford University is optimistic of a positive outcome of the candidate
vaccine and has planned to get millions of doses of the vaccine before
the end of 2020 even as results of the clinical trials are awaited.
? This would allow the Pune-based Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. to
start manufacturing the vaccine by end-June and be ready with millions
of doses by the end of 2020.
? Oxford University would be partnering with AstraZeneca to
manufacture and distribute the vaccine as quickly as possible. The
vaccine is expected to be made available on a not for profit basis for
the duration of the coronavirus pandemic.
6. Can antibody tests help tackle COVID-19?
Context:
? The rapid testing kits being used to detect antibodies to the novel
coronavirus were found to be providing unreliable results and have been
stopped.
RT-PCR test:
? An RT-PCR test on a nasal or throat swab involves extracting RNA or
ribonucleic acid, the genetic material of the virus, and checking if it
shares the same genetic sequence as the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Concerns:
? The current RT-PCR technology requires RNA extracting machines, a
specialised laboratory, and trained technicians. The test is a time
consuming process, involves large scale logistics, requires many
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